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{{italic title}}
{{italic title}}
{{Usul al-fiqh}}
{{Usul al-fiqh}}
'''''{{transl|ar|DIN|Farḍ}}''''' ({{lang-ar|[[wikt:فرض|فرض]]}}) or '''''{{transl|ar|DIN|farīḍah}}''''' ({{lang|ar|فريضة}}) or '''fardh''' in [[Islam]] is a religious [[duty]] commanded by [[God in Islam|God]]. The word is also used in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Pashto]], [[Urdu]] (''spelled farz''), and [[Malay language|Malay]] (''spelled fardu or fardhu'') in the same meaning. [[Muslims]] who obey such commands or duties are said to receive ''hasanat'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:حسنة|حسنة]]}}), ''ajr'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:أجر|أجر]]}}) or ''thawab'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:ثواب|ثواب]]}}) for each good deed.
'''''{{transl|ar|DIN|Farḍ}}''''' ({{langx|ar|[[wikt:فرض|فرض]]}}) or '''''{{transl|ar|DIN|farīḍah}}''''' ({{lang|ar|فريضة}}) or '''fardh''' in [[Islam]] is a religious [[duty]] commanded by [[God in Islam|God]]. The word is also used in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Pashto]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bangla]] (''spelled farz or faraz''), and [[Malay language|Malay]] (''spelled fardu or fardhu'') in the same meaning. [[Muslims]] who obey such commands or duties are said to receive ''hasanat'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:حسنة|حسنة]]}}), ''ajr'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:أجر|أجر]]}}) or ''thawab'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:ثواب|ثواب]]}}) for each good deed.


''Fard'' or its synonym ''wājib'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:واجب|واجب]]}}) is one of the five types of [[ahkam]] ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:أحكام|أحكام]]}}) into which [[fiqh]] categorizes acts of every Muslim. The [[Hanafi]] fiqh, however, does not consider both terms to be synonymous, and makes a distinction between ''wajib'' and ''fard'', the latter being obligatory and the former slightly lesser degree than being obligatory.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Mufti |url=http://www.albalagh.net/qa/fard_wajib_sunnah.shtml |title=Albalagh.net |publisher=Albalagh.net |date=2002-04-28 |access-date=2019-01-29 |archive-date=2019-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116180401/http://www.albalagh.net/qa/fard_wajib_sunnah.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=972&CATE=4 Sunnipath.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092843/http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=972&CATE=4 |date=2007-09-29 }}</ref>
''Fard'' or its synonym ''wājib'' ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:واجب|واجب]]}}) is one of the five types of [[ahkam]] ({{lang|ar|[[wikt:أحكام|أحكام]]}}) into which [[fiqh]] categorizes acts of every Muslim. The [[Hanafi]] fiqh, however, does not consider both terms to be synonymous, and makes a distinction between ''wajib'' and ''fard'', the latter being obligatory and the former slightly lesser degree than being obligatory.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Mufti |url=http://www.albalagh.net/qa/fard_wajib_sunnah.shtml |title=Albalagh.net |publisher=Albalagh.net |date=2002-04-28 |access-date=2019-01-29 |archive-date=2019-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116180401/http://www.albalagh.net/qa/fard_wajib_sunnah.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=972&CATE=4 Sunnipath.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092843/http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=972&CATE=4 |date=2007-09-29 }}</ref>
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The [[Fiqh]] distinguishes two sorts of duties:
The [[Fiqh]] distinguishes two sorts of duties:


* Individual duty or ''farḍ al-'ayn'' ({{lang|ar|فرض العين}}) relates is required to perform, such as daily prayer (''[[salat]]''), and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if the person can afford the journey (''[[hajj]]'').<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e624 |title=Fard al-Ayn |dictionary=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=21 June 2019 |date= |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621154304/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An individual not performing this will be punished in the afterlife (but can be excused on basis of incapability), but if he enjoins and fulfils its necessity will be farded.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salim|first=Al-Hadhrami|title=Safeenat Al-Najah|year=1841}}</ref>
* Individual duty or ''farḍ al-'ayn'' ({{lang|ar|فرض العين}}) relates is required to perform, such as daily prayer (''[[salat]]''), and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if the person can afford the journey (''[[hajj]]'').<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e624 |title=Fard al-Ayn |dictionary=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=21 June 2019 |date= |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621154304/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An individual not performing this will be punished in the afterlife (but can be excused on basis of incapability), but if he enjoins and fulfils its necessity will be rewarded.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salim|first=Al-Hadhrami|title=Safeenat Al-Najah|year=1841}}</ref>
* Sufficiency duty or ''farḍ al-kifāya'' ({{lang|ar|فرض الكفاية}}) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (''[[ummah]]''). The classic example for it is [[janaza]] (Funeral prayer): the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfill it.<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e625 |title=Fard al-Kifayah |dictionary=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=21 June 2019 |date= |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621154343/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e625 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Sufficiency duty or ''farḍ al-kifāya'' ({{lang|ar|فرض الكفاية}}) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (''[[ummah]]''). The classic example for it is [[janaza]] (Funeral prayer): the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfill it.<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e625 |title=Fard al-Kifayah |dictionary=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=21 June 2019 |date= |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621154343/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e625 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== Examples of bard acts ==
== Examples of fard acts ==


# [[Salah]] (daily prayer, including [[Friday prayer]])
# [[Salah]] (daily prayer, including [[Friday prayer]])
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===Other religions===
===Other religions===
* [[Mitzvah]] (somewhat similar Jewish concept)
* [[Mitzvah]], a somewhat similar Jewish concept
* [[Dharma]] (somewhat similar Hindu/Buddhist/Sikh concept)
* [[Dharma]]. a somewhat similar Hindu/Buddhist/Sikh concept


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Islam topics}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{islam-theology-stub}}
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{{arabic-lang-stub}}


[[Category:Arabic words and phrases in Sharia]]
[[Category:Arabic words and phrases in Sharia]]
[[Category:Sharia legal terminology]]
[[Category:Sharia legal terminology]]
[[Category:Religious philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Religious philosophical concepts]]


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{{islam-theology-stub}}
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{{arabic-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:50, 24 October 2024

"Wajib" redirects here. For the film, see Wajib (film).
For the palm date cultivar, see Fard (date). For the racehorse, see Fard (horse).

Part of a series on Islam
Usul al-Fiqh
Fiqh
Ahkam
Legal vocations and titles

Farḍ (Arabic: فرض) or farīḍah (فريضة) or fardh in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God. The word is also used in Turkish, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, Bangla (spelled farz or faraz), and Malay (spelled fardu or fardhu) in the same meaning. Muslims who obey such commands or duties are said to receive hasanat (حسنة), ajr (أجر) or thawab (ثواب) for each good deed.

Fard or its synonym wājib (واجب) is one of the five types of ahkam (أحكام) into which fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim. The Hanafi fiqh, however, does not consider both terms to be synonymous, and makes a distinction between wajib and fard, the latter being obligatory and the former slightly lesser degree than being obligatory.[1][2]

Individual duty and sufficiency

[edit]

The Fiqh distinguishes two sorts of duties:

  • Individual duty or farḍ al-'ayn (فرض العين) relates is required to perform, such as daily prayer (salat), and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if the person can afford the journey (hajj).[3] An individual not performing this will be punished in the afterlife (but can be excused on basis of incapability), but if he enjoins and fulfils its necessity will be rewarded.[4]
  • Sufficiency duty or farḍ al-kifāya (فرض الكفاية) is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah). The classic example for it is janaza (Funeral prayer): the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfill it.[5]

Examples of fard acts

[edit]
  1. Salah (daily prayer, including Friday prayer)
  2. Zakat (giving alms)
  3. Sawm (fasting during Ramadan)
  4. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
  5. Protecting one's children

See also

[edit]

Ahkam

[edit]
  • Ahkam, commandments, of which fardh are a type
  • Mustahabb, recommended but not required

Other religions

[edit]
  • Mitzvah, a somewhat similar Jewish concept
  • Dharma. a somewhat similar Hindu/Buddhist/Sikh concept

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ebrahim, Mufti (2002-04-28). "Albalagh.net". Albalagh.net. Archived from the original on 2019-01-16. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  2. ^ Sunnipath.com Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Fard al-Ayn". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  4. ^ Salim, Al-Hadhrami (1841). Safeenat Al-Najah.
  5. ^ "Fard al-Kifayah". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
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