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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{for|other species known as hogfish|Bodianus}}
{{For|other species known as hogfish|Bodianus}}
{{distinguish|Hagfish}}
{{Distinguish|Hagfish}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Hogfish.JPG
| image = Hogfish.JPG
| status = VU
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn | author1 = Choat, J.H. | author2 = Pollard, D. | author3 = Sadovy, Y.J. | last-author-amp = yes | year = 2010 | title = ''Lachnolaimus maximus'' (errata version published in 2018) | page = e.T11130A124708500 | url = https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T11130A3252395.en | accessdate = 15 January 2020}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn | author1 = Choat, J.H. | author2 = Pollard, D. | author3 = Sadovy, Y.J. | name-list-style = amp | year = 2010 | title = ''Lachnolaimus maximus'' |errata=2018 | page = e.T11130A124708500 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T11130A3252395.en | access-date = 15 January 2020}}</ref>
| parent_authority = [[Georges Cuvier|G. Cuvier]], 1829
| parent_authority = [[Georges Cuvier|G. Cuvier]], 1829
| taxon = Lachnolaimus maximus
| taxon = Lachnolaimus maximus
| authority = ([[Johann Julius Walbaum|Walbaum]], 1792)
| authority = ([[Johann Julius Walbaum|Walbaum]], 1792)
⚫
| synonyms = * ''Labrus maximus'' <small>Walbaum, 1792</small>
| synonyms =
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase/>
⚫
* ''Labrus maximus'' <small>Walbaum, 1792</small>
⚫
{{synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase/>
}}
}}
⚫
The '''hogfish''' (''Lachnolaimus maximus'') is a species of [[wrasse]] native to the Western [[Atlantic Ocean]], living in a range from [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]], to northern [[South America]], including the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. This species occurs around [[reefs]], especially preferring areas with plentiful [[gorgonians]]. This species is currently the only known member of its [[genus]].<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Lachnolaimus|maximus|month=August|year=2019}}</ref>


⚫
The '''hogfish''' (''Lachnolaimus maximus''), also known as '''boquinete''', '''doncella de pluma''' or '''pez perro''' in Mexico<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shorefishes - The Fishes - Species|url=https://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/caribbean/es/thefishes/species/3905|access-date=2020-12-24|website=biogeodb.stri.si.edu}}</ref> is a species of [[wrasse]] native to the Western [[Atlantic Ocean]], living in a range from [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]], to northern [[South America]], including the [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hogfish in St. Petersburg, Florida |url=https://www.reelcoquinafishing.com/blogs/florida-fishing-blog/hogfish-florida |website=Reel Coquina Fishing|date=19 July 2021 }}</ref> This species occurs around [[reefs]], especially preferring areas with plentiful [[gorgonians]]. It is a carnivore which feeds on [[mollusc]]s, as well as [[crab]]s and [[sea urchins]].<ref name = Fishbase/> This species is currently the only known member of its [[genus]].<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Lachnolaimus|maximus|month=August|year=2019}}</ref>
==Characteristics==

The hogfish is characterized by a large, laterally compressed body shape. It possesses a very elongated snout, which it uses to search for crustaceans buried in the sediment. This very long "pig-like" snout and its rooting behavior give the hogfish its name. The caudal or tail fin is somewhat lunate and the pectoral fins are along the lateral sides of the body with the paired pelvic fins directly below. A prominent black spot behind the pectoral fins differentiates males from females. The dorsal fin usually is composed of three or four long dorsal spines followed by a series of shorter dorsal spines.
==Appearance==
It is a carnivore. It feeds on [[mollusc]]s, as well as [[crab]]s and [[sea urchins]].<ref name = Fishbase/>
The hogfish possesses a very elongated snout, which it uses to search for crustaceans buried in the sediment. This very long "pig-like" snout and its rooting behavior give the hogfish its name. A prominent black spot behind the pectoral fins differentiates males from females. The dorsal fin usually is composed of three or four long dorsal spines followed by a series of shorter dorsal spines. Hogfish reach a maximum of 91 cm (36 in) in total length and a weight of about 11 kg (24 lb). Females and juveniles usually start out as pale gray, brown, or reddish-brown in color, with a paler underside and no distinct patterns. Males are distinguished by a deep, dark band spanning from the snout to the first dorsal spine, and by a lateral black spot behind the pectoral fins. Hogfish also have a form of active camouflage with the assist of dermal photoreception, a sensory capability allowing them to detect light through their skin. Specialized cells containing [[Opsin|opsins]], located beneath [[Chromatophore|chromatophores]], enable hogfish to perceive changes in ambient light.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schweikert |first1=Lorian E. |last2=Bagge |first2=Laura E. |last3=Naughton |first3=Lydia F. |last4=Bolin |first4=Jacob R. |last5=Wheeler |first5=Benjamin R. |last6=Grace |first6=Michael S. |last7=Bracken-Grissom |first7=Heather D. |last8=Johnsen |first8=Sönke |date=2023-08-22 |title=Dynamic light filtering over dermal opsin as a sensory feedback system in fish color change |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=4642 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-40166-4 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10444757 |pmid=37607908}}</ref>

==Hunted==
Hogfish are commonly targeted by many spear and reef fishermen and are regarded highly by many for their taste and food value. In 2007, the Florida landings of hogfish totaled 306,953 pounds.


==Lifecycle==
==Lifecycle==
Like many wrasses, the hogfish is a [[Sequential hermaphroditism|sequential hermaphrodite]], meaning it changes sex during different life stages; it is a [[Sequential hermaphroditism#Protogyny|protogynous]], "first female" hermaphrodite; [[Juvenile fish|juvenile]] hogfish start out as female and then mature to become male. The change usually occurs around three years of age and about 14 inches in length.<ref>Davis, J. C. 1976. Biology of the hogfish, ''Lachnolaimus maximus'' (Walbaum), in the Florida Keys. M. S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables. p 87.</ref> Females and juveniles usually start out as pale gray, brown, or reddish brown in color, with a paler underside and no distinct patterns. Males are distinguished by a deep, dark band spanning from the snout to the first [[Fish fin|dorsal spine]], and by a lateral black spot behind the [[Fish fin|pectoral fins]]. Hogfish reach a maximum of {{convert|91|cm|in|abbr=on}} [[fish measurement|in total length]] and about {{convert|11|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and have been recorded to live up to 11 years.<ref>FWCC, FMRI 2008</ref> Spawning in South Florida occurs from November through June.<ref>Colin, P. L. 1982. Spawning and larval development of the hogfish, ''Lachnolaimus maximus'' (Pisces: Labridae). ''Fish. Bull.'' 80: 853–862</ref> Hogfish social groups are organized into [[Harem (zoology)|harems]] where one male will mate and protect a group of females in his territory.
Like many wrasses, the hogfish is a [[Sequential hermaphroditism|sequential hermaphrodite]], meaning it changes sex during different life stages; it is a [[Sequential hermaphroditism#Protogyny|protogynous]], "first female" hermaphrodite; [[Juvenile fish|juvenile]] hogfish start out as female and then mature to become male. The change usually occurs around three years of age and about 14 inches in length.<ref>Davis, J. C. 1976. Biology of the hogfish, ''Lachnolaimus maximus'' (Walbaum), in the Florida Keys. M. S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables. p 87.</ref> Hogfish have been recorded to live up to 11 years.<ref name="FWCC, FMRI 2008">FWCC, FMRI 2008</ref> Spawning in South Florida occurs from November through June.<ref>Colin, P. L. 1982. Spawning and larval development of the hogfish, ''Lachnolaimus maximus'' (Pisces: Labridae). ''Fish. Bull.'' 80: 853–862</ref> Hogfish social groups are organized into [[Harem (zoology)|harems]] where one male will mate and protect a group of females in his territory.


==Economic importance==
==Economic importance==
Hogfish are commonly targeted by many spear and reef fisherman and are regarded highly by many for their taste and food value. In 2007, the Florida landings of hogfish totaled 306,953 pounds.<ref>FWCC, FMRI 2008</ref> The [[fish stock]]s are regulated by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council and [[Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission]]. Bag, size, and gear limits all have been placed on this species to ensure a healthy stock and to protect it from [[overfishing]].
In 2007, the Florida landings of hogfish totaled 306,953 pounds.<ref name="FWCC, FMRI 2008"/> The [[Fish stocks|fish stock]]s are regulated by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council and [[Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission]]. Bag, size, and gear limits all have been placed on this species to ensure a healthy stock and to protect it from [[overfishing]].


==References==
==References==
Line 30: Line 33:
==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/hogfish/hogfish.html Florida Museum of Natural History: Hogfish]
* [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/hogfish/hogfish.html Florida Museum of Natural History: Hogfish]
* {{sealifephotos|158822}}
* {{SealifePhotos|158822}}



{{Taxonbar|from=Q1278753}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1278753}}

Latest revision as of 07:23, 3 November 2024

For other species known as hogfish, see Bodianus.
Not to be confused with Hagfish.

Hogfish
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Labridae
Genus: Lachnolaimus
G. Cuvier, 1829
Species:
L. maximus
Binomial name
Lachnolaimus maximus
(Walbaum, 1792)
Synonyms[2]
  • Labrus maximus Walbaum, 1792

The hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus), also known as boquinete, doncella de pluma or pez perro in Mexico[3] is a species of wrasse native to the Western Atlantic Ocean, living in a range from Nova Scotia, Canada, to northern South America, including the Gulf of Mexico.[4] This species occurs around reefs, especially preferring areas with plentiful gorgonians. It is a carnivore which feeds on molluscs, as well as crabs and sea urchins.[2] This species is currently the only known member of its genus.[2]

Appearance

[edit]

The hogfish possesses a very elongated snout, which it uses to search for crustaceans buried in the sediment. This very long "pig-like" snout and its rooting behavior give the hogfish its name. A prominent black spot behind the pectoral fins differentiates males from females. The dorsal fin usually is composed of three or four long dorsal spines followed by a series of shorter dorsal spines. Hogfish reach a maximum of 91 cm (36 in) in total length and a weight of about 11 kg (24 lb). Females and juveniles usually start out as pale gray, brown, or reddish-brown in color, with a paler underside and no distinct patterns. Males are distinguished by a deep, dark band spanning from the snout to the first dorsal spine, and by a lateral black spot behind the pectoral fins. Hogfish also have a form of active camouflage with the assist of dermal photoreception, a sensory capability allowing them to detect light through their skin. Specialized cells containing opsins, located beneath chromatophores, enable hogfish to perceive changes in ambient light.[5]

Hunted

[edit]

Hogfish are commonly targeted by many spear and reef fishermen and are regarded highly by many for their taste and food value. In 2007, the Florida landings of hogfish totaled 306,953 pounds.

Lifecycle

[edit]

Like many wrasses, the hogfish is a sequential hermaphrodite, meaning it changes sex during different life stages; it is a protogynous, "first female" hermaphrodite; juvenile hogfish start out as female and then mature to become male. The change usually occurs around three years of age and about 14 inches in length.[6] Hogfish have been recorded to live up to 11 years.[7] Spawning in South Florida occurs from November through June.[8] Hogfish social groups are organized into harems where one male will mate and protect a group of females in his territory.

Economic importance

[edit]

In 2007, the Florida landings of hogfish totaled 306,953 pounds.[7] The fish stocks are regulated by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Bag, size, and gear limits all have been placed on this species to ensure a healthy stock and to protect it from overfishing.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Choat, J.H.; Pollard, D. & Sadovy, Y.J. (2018) [errata version of 2010 assessment]. "Lachnolaimus maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T11130A124708500. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T11130A3252395.en. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lachnolaimus maximus". FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. ^ "Shorefishes - The Fishes - Species". biogeodb.stri.si.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
  4. ^ "Hogfish in St. Petersburg, Florida". Reel Coquina Fishing. 19 July 2021.
  5. ^ Schweikert, Lorian E.; Bagge, Laura E.; Naughton, Lydia F.; Bolin, Jacob R.; Wheeler, Benjamin R.; Grace, Michael S.; Bracken-Grissom, Heather D.; Johnsen, Sönke (2023-08-22). "Dynamic light filtering over dermal opsin as a sensory feedback system in fish color change". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 4642. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40166-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 10444757. PMID 37607908.
  6. ^ Davis, J. C. 1976. Biology of the hogfish, Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum), in the Florida Keys. M. S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables. p 87.
  7. ^ a b FWCC, FMRI 2008
  8. ^ Colin, P. L. 1982. Spawning and larval development of the hogfish, Lachnolaimus maximus (Pisces: Labridae). Fish. Bull. 80: 853–862
[edit]
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