Ophiocoma wendtii: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Ophiomastix wendtii]] |
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{{Short description|Species of brittle star}} |
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{{Merge|Ophiomastix wendtii|date=April 2021}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| image = |
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| genus = Ophiocoma |
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| species = wendtii |
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| authority = [[Johannes Peter Müller|Müller]] & [[Franz Hermann Troschel|Troschel]], 1842 |
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}} |
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'''''Ophiocoma wendtii''''' is a species of [[brittle star]]s that inhabits [[coral reef]]s from [[Bermuda]] to [[Brazil]]. It is known for its advanced [[compound eye]]s. These brittle stars have long, thin arms emanating from a small, disk-shaped body, and are about the size of an outstretched human hand.<ref name=nationalgeographic>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/08/0822_starfisheyes.html |title=Brittle Star Found Covered With Optically Advanced "Eyes" |author=John Roach |work=National Geographic News |date=22 August 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011003095849/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/08/0822_starfisheyes.html |archive-date=3 October 2001}}</ref> |
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==Visual system== |
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Its arms are covered with [[calcite]] crystals. In addition to functioning as an armor and giving structural support, the crystals were, until recently, thought to form a visual system. They minimize spherical aberration of incoming light and have excellent optical properties. The lenses were suggested to work by filtering and focusing light on an underlying [[Simple eyes in arthropods|photoreceptor]] system. Nerve bundles under each lens, presumed to be light-sensitive, would transmit the optical information to the rest of the nervous system.<ref name=nationalgeographic/> However, the discovery of nerves and photoreceptor cells in between, rather than beneath, the lenses suggests that this system may not rely on their optical properties.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2017.2590 | pmid = 29367398 | pmc = 5805950 | title = Whole-body photoreceptor networks are independent of 'lenses' in brittle stars | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 285 | issue = 1871 | pages = 20172590 | year = 2018 | last1 = Sumner-Rooney | first1 = Lauren | last2 = Rahman | first2 = Imran A. | last3 = Sigwart | first3 = Julia D. | last4 = Ullrich-Lüter | first4 = Esther }}</ref> |
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The only known animals to employ a similar visual system were the now-extinct [[trilobite]]s. Phototropic [[chromatophores]] can change ''O. wendtii's'' color and regulate how much light will reach the photoreceptors.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.042 | url= https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(19)31512-X | title= Extraocular vision in a brittle star is mediated by chromatophore movement in response to ambient light | journal= Current Biology | year= 2020 | last1= Sumner-Rooney | first1= Lauren | last2= Kirwan | first2= John D. | last3= Lowe | first3= Elijah | last4= Ullrich-Lüter | first4= Esther | doi-access= free }}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature01941 | pmid = 12917700 | title = Photonic structures in biology | journal = Nature | volume = 424 | issue = 6950 | pages = 852–855 | year = 2003 | last1 = Vukusic | first1 = Pete | last2 = Sambles | first2 = J. Roy | bibcode = 2003Natur.424..852V }} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2262205}} |
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[[Category:Ophiurida]] |
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[[Category:Fauna of the Atlantic Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Animals described in 1842]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Johannes Peter Müller]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Franz Hermann Troschel]] |
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{{echinoderm-stub}} |
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Revision as of 11:07, 8 July 2021
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