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Çevik Bir retired from the army on August 30, 1999.<ref name=bio/> He is a former member of the [[Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa]] (ASMEA).
Çevik Bir retired from the army on August 30, 1999.<ref name=bio/> He is a former member of the [[Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa]] (ASMEA).


On April 12, 2012, Bir and 30 other officers were taken in custody for their role in the [[1997 military memorandum (Turkey)|1997 military memorandum]] that forced the then Turkish government, led by the Refah Partisi ([[Welfare Party]]), to step down.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish Military Leaders Held for Role in '97 Coup |first=Sebnem |last=Arsu |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/world/middleeast/turkey-detains-military-leaders-for-role-in-1997-coup.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2012-04-12 |access-date=2012-04-13}}</ref>
On April 12, 2012, Bir and 30 other officers were taken in custody for their role in the [[1997 military memorandum (Turkey)|1997 military memorandum]] that forced the then Turkish government, led by the Refah Partisi ([[Welfare Party]]), to step down.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish Military Leaders Held for Role in '97 Coup |first=Sebnem |last=Arsu |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/world/middleeast/turkey-detains-military-leaders-for-role-in-1997-coup.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/world/middleeast/turkey-detains-military-leaders-for-role-in-1997-coup.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2012-04-12 |access-date=2012-04-13}}{{cbignore}}</ref>


Çevik Bir, one of the generals who planned the process, said "In Turkey we have a marriage of Islam and democracy. (…) The child of this marriage is secularism. Now this child gets sick from time to time. The Turkish Armed Forces is the doctor which saves the child. Depending on how sick the kid is, we administer the necessary medicine to make sure the child recuperates".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/22/col/102/art/2855 |title=Türkiye'de 'Demokrasi Ayarı' Şart! |publisher=Kibrispostasi.com |date=28 February 2007 |access-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713150604/http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/22/col/102/art/2855 |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref>
Çevik Bir, one of the generals who planned the process, said "In Turkey we have a marriage of Islam and democracy. (…) The child of this marriage is secularism. Now this child gets sick from time to time. The Turkish Armed Forces is the doctor which saves the child. Depending on how sick the kid is, we administer the necessary medicine to make sure the child recuperates".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/22/col/102/art/2855 |title=Türkiye'de 'Demokrasi Ayarı' Şart! |publisher=Kibrispostasi.com |date=28 February 2007 |access-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713150604/http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/22/col/102/art/2855 |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref>

Revision as of 23:54, 1 January 2022

Çevik Bir in 1993

Çevik Bir (born 1939) is a retired Turkish army general. He was a member of the Turkish General Staff in the 1990s. He took a major part in several important international missions in the Middle East and North Africa. He was born in Buca, Izmir Province, in 1939 and is married with one child.[1]

He graduated from the Turkish Military Academy as an engineer officer in 1958, from the Army Staff College in 1970 and from the Armed Forces College in 1971. He graduated from NATO Defense College, Rome, Italy in 1973.[1]

From 1973 to 1985, he served at SHAPE, NATO's headquarters in Belgium. He was promoted to brigadier general and commanded an armed brigade and division in Turkey. From 1987 to 1991, he served as major general, and then was promoted to lieutenant general.[1]

After the dictator Siad Barre’s ousting, conflicts between the General Mohammed Farah Aidid party and other clans in Somalia had led to famine and lawlessness throughout the country. An estimated 300,000 people had died from starvation. A combined military force of United States and United Nations (under the name "UNOSOM") were deployed to Mogadishu, to monitor the ceasefire and deliver food and supplies to the starving people of Somali. Çevik Bir, who was then a lieutenant-general of Turkey, became the force commander of UNOSOM II in April 1993.[2] Despite the retreat of US and UN forces after several deaths due to local hostilities mainly led by Aidid, the introduction of a powerful military force opened the transportation routes, enabling the provision of supplies and ended the famine quickly. He was succeeded as Force Commander by a Malaysian general in January 1994.[3]

He became a four-star general and served three years as vice chairman of the Turkish Armed Forces, then appointed commander of the Turkish First Army, in Istanbul. While he was vice chairman of the TAF, he signed the Turkish-Israeli Military Coordination agreement in 1996.

Çevik Bir became the Turkish army's deputy chief of general staff shortly after the Somali operation and played a vital role in establishing a Turkish-Israeli entente. Çevik Bir retired from the army on August 30, 1999.[1] He is a former member of the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA).

On April 12, 2012, Bir and 30 other officers were taken in custody for their role in the 1997 military memorandum that forced the then Turkish government, led by the Refah Partisi (Welfare Party), to step down.[4]

Çevik Bir, one of the generals who planned the process, said "In Turkey we have a marriage of Islam and democracy. (…) The child of this marriage is secularism. Now this child gets sick from time to time. The Turkish Armed Forces is the doctor which saves the child. Depending on how sick the kid is, we administer the necessary medicine to make sure the child recuperates".[5]

Distinctions

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Orgeneral Çevik Bir'in Biyografisi" (PDF) (in Turkish and English). Türkiye Kalite Derneği. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-03. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  2. ^ "United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)". Department of Public Information. 1997-03-21. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
  3. ^ https://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unosom2b.htm
  4. ^ Arsu, Sebnem (2012-04-12). "Turkish Military Leaders Held for Role in '97 Coup". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2022-01-01. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
  5. ^ "Türkiye'de 'Demokrasi Ayarı' Şart!". Kibrispostasi.com. 28 February 2007. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d "The Azerbaijan-Turkey-US Relationship and its Importance for Eurasia" (PDF). Union of Black Sea and Caspian Confederation of Enterprises. 2007-12-10.
  7. ^ "Turkey, Israel to hold strategic talks in May to evaluate threats". Turkish Daily News. 1998-04-22. Recently, Gen. Bir was awarded the Medal of Merit by King Hussein of Jordan for his brilliant contributions to Turkish-Jordanian ties.[dead link] Alt URL
Military offices
Preceded by Commander of the First Army
August 18, 1998–August 20, 1999 		Succeeded by
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