White Uno Gang: Difference between revisions
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== History == |
== History == |
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The gang, most of whom were serving [[Police officer|police officers]] with links to [[Far-right politics|right wing extremism]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lucarelli |first=Carlo |date=2001 |title=Blu Notte - La banda della Uno Bianca |url=https://www.raiplay.it/video/2017/02/Blu-notte-La-banda-della-Uno-Bianca-75a1a038-01e0-4264-9789-c9cc97da2c98.html |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=RaiPlay |type=TV documentary}}</ref> began activity in 1987 with night robberies |
The gang, most of whom were serving [[Police officer|police officers]] with links to [[Far-right politics|right wing extremism]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lucarelli |first=Carlo |date=2001 |title=Blu Notte - La banda della Uno Bianca |url=https://www.raiplay.it/video/2017/02/Blu-notte-La-banda-della-Uno-Bianca-75a1a038-01e0-4264-9789-c9cc97da2c98.html |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=RaiPlay |type=TV documentary}}</ref> began activity in 1987 with a string of night robberies at [[Tollbooth|tollbooths]] along [[Autostrade of Italy|Autostrada A14]]. On 19 June, 1987, the gang raided the toll booth at [[Pesaro]], using a [[Fiat Regata]] with false license plates, owned by gang member Alberto Savi; the loot amounted to about 1,300,000 [[Italian lire|lire]]. They went on to raid a further twelve tollbooths in the next two months.[[File:Antonio_Mosca (1).jpg|thumb|right|Police officer Antonio Mosca, the first victim of the gang]]In October 1987, they attempted to extort [[Rimini]] car dealer Savino Grossi. Grossi, who had been threatened by the gang for some time, pretended to give in to blackmail having already warned the local police. On 3 October, 1987 Savino Grossi went on the motorway with his car, hiding a police officer in his luggage rack, while other cars from the Rimini police station followed him a short distance away. |
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This operation was attended by the inspector Baglioni, whose own investigations in 1994 would lead to the members of the gang.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eRXJnaROLA la banda della uno bianca 2ª parte – YouTube<!-- Titolo generato automaticamente -->]</ref> |
This operation was attended by the inspector Baglioni, whose own investigations in 1994 would lead to the members of the gang.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eRXJnaROLA la banda della uno bianca 2ª parte – YouTube<!-- Titolo generato automaticamente -->]</ref> |
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Revision as of 10:25, 3 July 2023
 | This article may be a rough translation from Italian. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency. (April 2018) |
Banda della Uno bianca | |
 A white Fiat Uno | |
| Founded | 1987 |
|---|---|
| Founders | Roberto, Fabio and Alberto Savi |
| Founding location | Forlì, Emilia-Romagna |
| Years active | 1987–1994 |
| Territory | Bologna, Forlì, Ravenna, Pesaro and Ancona provinces |
| Ethnicity | Italian |
| Leader(s) | Roberto Savi |
| Activities | armed robbery, bank robbery, extortion, murder, ethnic terrorism |
The White Uno Gang (Italian: Banda della Uno bianca) was an Italian criminal organization operating mainly in Emilia-Romagna and Marche.
The name of the gang was coined by the press in 1991 as the gang frequently used a white Fiat Uno car, being particularly easy to steal and difficult to identify given its widespread usage in Italy at the time.
Between 1987 and 1994, the gang pulled off 103 heists, mostly armed robberies, causing 24 deaths and 102 injuries.[1][2][3]
History
The gang, most of whom were serving police officers with links to right wing extremism,[4] began activity in 1987 with a string of night robberies at tollbooths along Autostrada A14. On 19 June, 1987, the gang raided the toll booth at Pesaro, using a Fiat Regata with false license plates, owned by gang member Alberto Savi; the loot amounted to about 1,300,000 lire. They went on to raid a further twelve tollbooths in the next two months.
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In October 1987, they attempted to extort Rimini car dealer Savino Grossi. Grossi, who had been threatened by the gang for some time, pretended to give in to blackmail having already warned the local police. On 3 October, 1987 Savino Grossi went on the motorway with his car, hiding a police officer in his luggage rack, while other cars from the Rimini police station followed him a short distance away.
This operation was attended by the inspector Baglioni, whose own investigations in 1994 would lead to the members of the gang.[5] Grossi was contacted by the extortionists and stopped near a flyover just before the toll booth near Cesena. With the intervention of the Police, a firefight broke out in which the inspector Antonio Mosca, who died on 29 July 1989 after a long period of suffering, was seriously injured.[6]
1988
On 30 January, Giampiero Picello, a security guard in Rimini, was killed during a robbery in a supermarket.[7]
On 20 February, Carlo Beccari, a supermarket security guard in Casalecchio di Reno was killed. Francesco Cataldi, a colleague of Beccari, is wounded.[8]
On 20 April, two carabinieri, Cataldo Stasi and Umberto Erriu, were killed while they were in a car park in Castel Maggiore, near Bologna, after they had stopped the car of the Savis.[9][10] During the investigation of this double murder, intentional misdirection of the line of investigation and manipulation of the collected evindence by a carabiniere, not directly involved in the actual criminal act and homicide was uncovered, former Carabinieri brigadier (equiv. to Police sergeant), Domenico Macauda was convicted to eight years in prison for his deception and corrupting the investigation initially thought to have been motivated by wanting to claim a bounty issued for successful capture of the gang members but a later investigation found that he may have actually been first to the scene before it was officially discovered and actually intentionally aided and abetted the gang in the assassination of their fellow officers and both planted false evidence and removed parts that could have potentially directly implicated the Savis being responsible. Only later intentionally misdirecting the case investigators to concentrate their efforts into a false direction, for which he received the 8 year prison sentence.[11][12]
1989
In 1989, during a robbery in a supermarket in the Corticella frazione of Bologna, Adolfino Alessandri, 52-year-old pensioner eyewitness was riddled with shots.[13]
1990
In 1990, 6 people were killed.
On 15 January, Giancarlo Armorati was seriously hit in Via Mazzini in Bologna, during a robbery at a post office that wounded many others. He will die a year later from his injuries.
On 6 October, Primo Zecchi, who noted the number of the criminals' license plate, was killed.[14][15]
On 23 December, the gang opens fire on the caravans of the gypsy camp of Bologna in via Gobetti, killing two victims (Rodolfo Bellinati and Patrizia Della Santina) and injuring others.[16]
On 27 December, two people were killed in two different episodes of violence. Luigi Pasqui, a 50-year-old merchant, was killed in a robbery at a Castel Maggiore petrol station while he was trying to push the alarm. A few minutes later the gang killed Paride Pedini, who had approached the white Uno he found abandoned with open doors.[17]
1991 and the Pilastro massacre
On 4 January at around 10 pm, in the Pilastro district of Bologna, a patrol of carabinieri was fired upon by the criminal group.[18] The gang was in that place by chance, on their way to San Lazzaro di Savena, looking for a car to steal. In via Casini the gang's car was overtaken by the patrol and the maneuver was interpreted by the criminals as an attempt to register the plate number and it was decided to liquidate the carabinieri.
After having flanked them, Roberto Savi fired some bullets at the soldiers, on the driver Otello Stefanini's side.[19] Despite the serious injuries suffered, the carabinieri tried to escape, but crashed into rubbish bins. In a short time the car of the carabinieri was hit by a shower of bullets.[20] The other two carabinieri, Andrea Moneta and Mauro Mitilini, managed to get out of the car and to respond to the fire, injuring Roberto Savi. The power of the weapons used by the gang, however, left no hope and both the carabinieri remained on the asphalt. The three ended up with a shot to the back of the head.
The criminal group also took the patrol service paper and fled the site of the conflict. The white Uno involved in the massacre was abandoned in San Lazzaro di Savena in the parking lot of via Gramsci and burned; one of the seats was dirty with the blood of Roberto Savi, who was slightly injured in the abdomen during the firefight. The massacre was immediately claimed by the terrorist group Falange Armata. However, this claim was considered unreliable, since it came after the press release to the mass media. The massacre remained unpunished for about four years. The investigators followed incorrect leads, which led them to indict subjects unrelated to each other. On 20 June 1992, on the basis of false testimony, the two Santagata brothers and the camorra affiliate Marco Medda were arrested, all of whom were prejudiced and residing in the Pilastro quarter. On 25 January 1995 they were declared not guilty of the crime by the tribunal of Bologna.[21][22][23][24]
Later on, the killers will confess the crime during the trial.[20]
On 20 April, Claudio Bonfiglioli was killed in Borgo Panigale during a robbery in his petrol station.[25]
On 2 May, in a gun store in Bologna, Licia Ansaloni, owner of the shop, and Pietro Capolungo, retired carabiniere, are killed.[26] During this robbery, a woman sees Roberto Savi outside of the shop, and after the robbery provides an identikit to the investigators. When it is shown to Ansaloni's husband, he declares that he might look a lot like Roberto Savi, his usual client, a policeman from Bologna. But nobody among the investigators actually connects Savi to the blood evidence.[27]
On 19 June Graziano Mirri, father of a policeman, loses his life in Cesena, killed in front of his wife during a robbery in his petrol station in Viale Marconi.[28][29]
On 18 August, Ndiaj Malik and Babou Chejkh, two Senegalese labourers, were killed in an ambush in San Mauro Mare, frazione of San Mauro Pascoli, while a third one, Madiaw Diaw, was wounded. The attack is not for the purpose of robbery, or due to the desire to eliminate witnesses of a crime, but is motivated by racist convictions of the gang members. Shortly after the double murder, the gang's car cuts off a Fiat Ritmo with a few young men on board, who shouted at the Uno driver for the risky maneuver. Shots are fired at the people in the Ritmo, but they are unharmed.[30]
1992
In 1992 no homicides are recorded, but the gang commits four bank robberies and one in a supermarket.[31]
1993
On 24 February the gang is responsible for the murder of Massimiliano Valenti,[29][32][33] a 21-year-old boy who had watched a car change after a bank robbery. The gang kidnapped the young man and then transported him to an isolated area where he was executed.[34] The body of Valenti was found in a ditch in the municipality of Zola Predosa. From the autopsy examination, it emerged holes of bullets on his face fired from top to bottom.[35]
On 7 October, electrician Carlo Poli was killed in the Riale frazione of Zola Predosa.[36]
1994
In 1994 the gang intensified its criminal activity towards the banks, robbing a total of 9 during the year.[31]
On 24 May, the director of the Cassa di Risparmio bank of Pesaro Ubaldo Paci was shot dead while he was opening at a quarter past eight in the morning.[37][38]
On the evening of 21 November 1994, the assistant chief of police Roberto Savi was arrested while on duty. Three days later, his brother Fabio was arrested at an Autogrill 17 miles from the Austrian border with his lover Eva Edit Mikula. Later, the Polizia di Stato arrested the other members of the gang, most of whom were police officers with links to right wing extremism.[4]
Members
Roberto Savi
Known as the monk (Italian: il monaco) for his silent character, Roberto Savi was the first of the gang to be arrested. He was born in Forlì on 19 May 1954 and, together with his brother Alberto, was a member of the Polizia di Stato at the police headquarters in Bologna. At the time of his arrest he held the rank of assistant chief and worked in the operations centre.
As a young man he was an activist in the far-right Fronte della Gioventù.[39]
In 1976, at the age of 22, Savi entered the police force and took service in Bologna. He was transferred to the operations centre in 1992 for disciplinary reasons, after having shaved the head of a young boy found in possession of narcotic substances.
In the trials, Savi's blunt coldness shocked the audience as he described the most atrocious crimes he committed; when answering questions in the courtroom, he wouldn't say "yes" or "no", but instead "affirmative" or "negative".
Fabio Savi
Born in Forlì on 22 April 1960; brother of Roberto, co-founder of the gang. He, like his brothers, also applied to join the police, but an eyesight issue affected his career. Since he was 14 Fabio had had many different jobs, and he reportedly had a bad temper, being arrogant and aggressive. Together with Roberto, he is the only member of the gang present in every one of their criminal acts. Fabio was arrested a few days after his brother, 27 kilometers from the border with Austria, while trying to leave the country. He worked as a coachbuilder and truck driver, cohabiting in Torriana with a Romanian girl, Eva Mikula, whose testimony will prove decisive in the resolution of the case. After being sentenced to life, he was transferred to the Sollicciano prison in Florence, and later to that of Fossombrone.[40]
Alberto Savi
Born in Cesena on 19 February 1965, younger brother of Roberto and Fabio. Along with his brothers, he formed the main structure of the gang. Like Roberto, Alberto was a police officer, and at the time of his arrest he was serving with the Rimini police force. He was reportedly weak-willed, and was easily influenced by the more domineering personalities of his older brothers. He was sentenced to life on 26 November 1994. On 23 October 2010, he asked to be released after 16 years in prison. After 23 years in prison he received a permit to leave the prison for 12 hours in February 2017 to see his mother who was gravely ill.[41] Since 2019 he has been granted similar permits for the Christmas holiday.
Pietro Gugliotta
Born in Catania in 1960, Pietro did not take part in the group's murderous actions. However, he was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment. Also a policeman, he worked as a radio operator at the police headquarters in Bologna together with his friend Roberto Savi. He was released in 2008.[42]
Marino Occhipinti
Born in Santa Sofia, 25 February 1965; a minor member of the gang, he took part in an assault in Casalecchio di Reno on 19 February 1988 during which a security guard died. He was therefore sentenced to life imprisonment.[43] Since 2002 he has been working in a cooperative.[44]
Luca Vallicelli
Luca Vallicelli was a policeman as well at the time of his arrest, which took place on 29 November 1994. He was an agent at the Traffic Police section of Cesena. A minor member of the gang, he only participated in the first robberies, which ended without any deaths. He pled guilty and was sentenced to three years and eight months. He is currently a free man, and was dismissed by the police.[43]
The sentences
The members of the gang have all been arrested. The trials ended on 6 March 1996 with three life sentences for each of the Savi brothers, a life sentence for Marino Occhipinti, 28 years in prison for Pietro Gugliotta which was then commuted into 18.[citation needed]
Luca Vallicelli, a minor member of the gang, was sentenced to 3 years and 8 months.[citation needed]
After 14 years of imprisonment, in August 2008, Pietro Gugliotta was freed thanks to the launch of the indulto or process of pardoning convicts that display willingness to rejoin organized society and show genuine remores while actively maintaining good behavior as per the Gozzini law of emphasizing rehabilitation.[citation needed]
As part of the gang trial, it was also ordered that the state pay the relatives of the 24 victims 19 billion lire.[citation needed]
The Savi brothers' father, Giuliano Savi, committed suicide on 29 March 1998, swallowing seven boxes of Lorazepam inside a white Uno parked at Villa Verucchio, 13 kilometers from Rimini.[45]
References
- ^ "Banda della "Uno bianca", scarcerato l'ex poliziotto Marino Occhipinti". Il Messaggero. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ La Banda della «Uno bianca» implora il perdono Il Giornale 5 gennaio 2006
- ^ List of criminal actions
- ^ a b Lucarelli, Carlo (2001). "Blu Notte - La banda della Uno Bianca". RaiPlay (TV documentary).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ la banda della uno bianca 2ª parte – YouTube
- ^ Sovrintendente della Polizia di Stato Comm.to di Rimini (Oggi Questura)29 luglio 1989
- ^ shtml "Fanne another son" Corriere della Sera 21 November 1995
- ^ bomb-resta.html ASSAULT TO THE VAN WITH A BOMB REMAINS KILLED A JURED GUARD La Repubblica 20 February 1988
- ^ Wound never closed for the family of Umberto Erriu[permanent dead link] L 'Unione Sarda 24 February 1995
- ^ per-un-processo.html One white twenty years for a useless processLa Repubblica 17 April 2008
- ^ Uno bianca: si indaga su un ex carabiniere Corriere della Sera 9 dicembre 1994
- ^ Bianca: un carabiniere aiutò a uccidere 2 colleghi? Corriere della Sera – ottobre 1996
- ^ «Uno bianca», storia maledetta anche in tv Corriere della Sera 4 febbraio 2001
- ^ 3 ottobre 2007 Intitolazione del Giardino della "Noce" a Primo Zecchi
- ^ "Quelle "esecuzioni" della Uno bianca". la Repubblica. 25 February 1993. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
- ^ TERRORE NEL CAMPO – NOMADI ' CI DIFENDEREMO CON LE ARMI' La Repubblica 27 dicembre 1990
- ^ BOLOGNA NELLA MORSA DELLA VIOLENZA La Repubblica 28 dicembre 1990
- ^ "Uno Bianca, al Pilastro il ricordo dell'eccidio". la Repubblica (Bologna). 4 January 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
- ^ STEFANINI OTELLO Sito dei dell'Arma dei Carabinieri
- ^ a b "Rai.tv". Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ eccidio del Pilastro, strage di mafia Corriere della Sera settembre 1993
- ^ strage del Pilastro: sospettato un quarto uomo Corriere della Sera 13 maggio 1993
- ^ UNA FAMIGLIA DI KILLER PER LA STRAGE DEL PILASTRO ARRESTATO IL TERZO UOMO La Repubblica 10 settembre 1992
- ^ Pilastro, indagini e liti fra polizia e carabinieri Corriere della Sera – Giugno 1992
- ^ 'I KILLER VOGLIONO IMPAURIRE BOLOGNA' La Repubblica 23 aprile 1991
- ^ BANDE ASSASSINE CONTRO BOLOGNA La Repubblica 3 maggio 1991
- ^ La Banda della Uno Bianca La storia siamo noi-RaiTre
- ^ Luigi Spezia (21 June 1991). "I KILLER DI BOLOGNA UCCIDONO ANCORA". La Repubblica. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
- ^ a b Paola Cascella (28 February 1993). "UNA FIRMA PER QUEL DELITTO". La Repubblica. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
- ^ TROVATE TRACCE DEI KILLER DI RIMINI La Repubblica 29 agosto 1991
- ^ a b Elenco azioni criminali della banda
- ^ "QUELLE ESECUZIONI DELLA UNO BIANCA". La Repubblica. 25 February 1993.
- ^ l'omicidio di Bologna. ancora indizi verso la "Uno bianca" Corriere della Sera 27 febbraio 1993
- ^ TROPPE SPIETATE ANALOGIE A BOLOGNA TORNA L'INCUBO DELLA 'UNO BIANCA' La Repubblica 26 febbraio 1993
- ^ "troppe spietate analogie a Bologna torna l'incubo della 'Uno bianca'". la Repubblica. 26 February 1993. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
- ^ Uno Bianca, quattro ergastoli Corriere della Sera 1º giugno 1997
- ^ sparò il "lungo" della Uno bianca Corriere della Sera 27 maggio 1994
- ^ la banda della Uno bianca torna a colpire: ucciso un bancario Corriere della Sera maggio 1994
- ^ QUANTI ERRORI CON LA UNO BIANCA ... La Repubblica 21 aprile 1995
- ^ «Iniziò per scherzo, finì con 24 delitti» Corriere della Sera 14 ottobre 2001
- ^ "Uno bianca, l'avvocato di Alberto Savi: "Il dolore non l'ha mai abbandonato"". 6 April 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
- ^ "Uno bianca: Pietro Gugliotta torna libero per fine pena". ansa.it. 25 July 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
- ^ a b " ma non ammanettatemi davanti ai miei " Corriere della Sera, 30 novembre 1994
- ^ "Banda della Uno bianca, al killer vacanza premio nell'hotel di lusso". Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ "Morte del padre". Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
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