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Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway

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This article is about the high-speed rail line operational since 2014. For the lower-speed rail line operational since 1966, see Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway.

Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway
A CRH5 high-speed train at the Menyuan railway station
Overview
Other name(s)
  • Lanzhou–Xinjiang Passenger Railway
  • Lanxin Second Railway
Native name兰新铁路第二双线
StatusOperational
OwnerChina Railway
LocaleNorthwest China
Termini
Stations31
Service
Type
SystemChina Railway High-speed
Operator(s)
Rolling stockCRH5G, CRH5E, CRH5G/H
History
Opened
Technical
Line length1,776 km (1,104 mi)
Number of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Minimum radius7,000 m (22,966 ft)
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead line
Operating speed200–250 km/h (124–155 mph)[2][3] 350 km/h (217 mph) (planned)[4]
Maximum incline2.0%
Route map

Legend
Baotou–Lanzhou railway
& Longhai railway
 Lanzhou
Baoji–Lanzhou high-speed railway
 Lanzhou West
Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport ICR
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
Gaojiashan tunnel
Yellow River
Fuchuan tunnel
 Chenjiawan West
Gansu
Qinghai
border
 Minhe South
Haidong
Huangshui River
 Haidong West
Xining Caojiabao Airport
Xining Caojiabao
Airport
Lanzhou–Qinghai railway
 Xining
Qinghai–Tibet railway
 Datong West
Dabanshan tunnel
Datong River
 Menyuan
Haomen
Qinghai
Gansu
border
Qilianshan No. 1 tunnel
Liuhuanggou bridge
Qilianshan No. 2 tunnel
 Shandanmachang
Minle
China Expwy G30 sign no name.svg G30
 Zhangye West
Linze South
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Gaotai South
Qingshui North
Jiuquan South
China Expwy G30 sign no name.svg G30
 Jiayuguan South
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
Jiayuguan tunnel
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Qingquan South
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Yumen
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
China Expwy G30 sign no name.svg G30
 Liugou South
Shibandun South
Liuyuan South
China Expwy G30 sign no name.svg G30
 Hongliuhe South
Hongliuhe
Gansu
Xinjiang
border
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Yandun East
Tudun No. 2 interchange
Hami interchange
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Hami
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Liushuquan South
Shisanjianfang Bridge
 Hongceng South
Tuha
China Expwy G30 sign no name.svg G30
 Shanshan North
Turpan North
Turpan Jiaohe Airport
Turpan Jiaohe
Airport
 Daheyan
Southern Xinjiang railway
Dabancheng tunnel
Dabancheng Wetland
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Yanhu West
Kokudou 216(China).svg G216
Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
 Ürümqi South
Ürümqi
This diagram:

The Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway, also known as Lanzhou–Xinjiang Passenger Railway or Lanxin Second Railway (simplified Chinese: 兰新铁路第二双线; traditional Chinese: 蘭新鐵路第二雙線; pinyin: Lánxīn tiělù dìèr shuāngxiàn), is a high-speed railroad in Northwestern China from Lanzhou in Gansu Province to Ürümqi in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. It forms part of what China designates the Eurasia Continental Bridge corridor, a domestic high-speed railway corridor running from its city of Lianyungang to the Kazakh border.

The line is also shared with the conventional trains.

History

Construction work began on November 4, 2009. The 1,776-kilometre (1,104 mi) railway took four years to complete, of which, 795 kilometres (494 mi) is in Gansu, 268 kilometres (167 mi) in Qinghai and 713 kilometres (443 mi) in Xinjiang. Track laying for the line was completed on November 16, 2013.[5] Thirty-one stations will be built along the line. The project costs 143.5 billion yuan.[6]

Unlike the existing Lanxin railway, which runs entirely in Gansu and Xinjiang, the new high-speed rail is routed from Lanzhou to Xining in Qinghai Province before heading northwest across the Qilian Mountains into the Hexi Corridor at Zhangye. The rail tracks in the section near Qilianshan No. 2 Tunnel are at 3,607 metres (11,834 ft) above sea level,[7] making it the highest high-speed rail track in the world.

Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway is shown on the map as light-blue color line.

The first high-speed train traveled over this line on June 3, 2014. This was a test train with a media contingent with full revenue service not due to start until the end of 2014.[8][9] The first segment of the line, the Ürümqi–Qumul part, was inaugurated on November 16, 2014.[10] This high-speed railway segment is the first ever railway of that kind to exist in the Xinjiang autonomous region. The rest of the line opened on December 26, 2014. The line cuts train travel time between the two cities from 20 hours to 12 hours. It also freed up capacity on the older Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway for freight transport.[11][12]

On November 30, 2017, the Daheyan connection line between the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway and the conventional Southern Xinjiang railway opened near Daheyan Town (near Turpan railway station).[13] This will allow passenger trains traveling from Urumqi to destinations in Southern Xinjiang (such as Korla) to use the Ürümqi–Turpan section of the high-speed line before switching to the Southern Xinjiang Railway.[14]

On 5 December 2021, Shandanmachang railway station opened along the railway, at an elevation of 3108 m, it is the world's highest high-speed railway station.[15]

Stations

City Province Station
Lanzhou Gansu Lanzhou West railway station
Haidong Qinghai Haidong West railway station
Xining Qinghai Xining railway station
Menyuan Qinghai Menyuan railway station
Shandan Gansu Shandanmachang railway station
Minle Gansu Minle railway station
Zhangye Gansu Zhangye West railway station
Linze Gansu Linze South railway station
Gaotai Gansu Gaotai South railway station
Jiuquan Gansu Jiuquan South railway station
Jiayuguan Gansu Jiayuguan South railway station
Yumen Gansu Yumen railway station
Guazhou Gansu Liuyuan South railway station
Hami Xinjiang Hami railway station
Shanshan Xinjiang Tuha railway station
Shanshan Xinjiang Shanshan North railway station
Turpan Xinjiang Turpan North railway station
Ürümqi Xinjiang Ürümqi South railway station
Ürümqi Xinjiang Ürümqi railway station

Operational issues

Wind shed risk

See also: List of wind-related railway accidents

Near Shanshan, the railway passes through the hundred-li wind zone, where desert wind constantly blows most days of a year. In 2007, strong wind overturned a train on the southern branch of Lanxin Railway, and four people were killed.[16] A 67 kilometres (42 mi) long wind-protection gallery has been built next to the tracks in this region.[17]

Engineering issues

Many sections of the line have experienced roadbed settlement, deformation, subsidence, frost heave, and cracking of the concrete of the track bed caused by saline soil, large temperature differences, and extremely low temperatures.[18][19][20][21]

The 3769 meters long Zhangjiazhuang Tunnel, located between Minhe South and Ledu South stations was damaged several times during operation. The tunnel is embedded in mudstone, interbedded with sandstone and gypsum rock.[22] The top covering soil layer is loess. In 2016, the tunnel was damaged twice, closing the line for 3 months.[23][24][25][26][27] After reopening, the operation speed in the tunnel was limited to 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph). On December 24, 2018, the mountain above the tunnel deformed, but trains could initially continue operating. However, the next day, after further deformation, the tunnel was closed for thorough inspection.[28][29][30] Due to repair works, the line was closed between Lanzhou and Xining until October 11, 2020. Trains were routed over the lower speed Lanzhou–Qinghai railway.[31]

Earthquake damage

As a result of the 2022 Menyuan earthquake, some bridges and tunnels on the line sustained serious damage.[32] The section between Haomen and Qingshui North was halted until repairs could be completed.[33]

Economics

An analysis of China's railway network published in 2021 showed that the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway has the lowest utilization rate among all high-speed railway in the country, carrying, on average, merely 2.3 million passenger-kilometers of service per kilometer of the mainline. In comparison, the average load over China's high-speed rail network is 17 million passenger-km per km, and the nation's highest-volume line, the Beijing-Shanghai one, carrying 48 million passenger-km per km. According to the same analysis, a high-speed line would need to carry ca. 36 million passenger-km per km to fully pay its own operating costs. While the Lanzhou-Xinjiang line has the capacity to carry over 160 pairs of high-speed trains per day, it currently only carries 4.[34]

References

  1. ^ Xinhua (November 7, 2014). "Xinjiang enters high-speed rail era". www.gov.cn. State Council of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  2. ^ "兰新铁路第二双线新疆段春节施工热火朝天". Archived from the original on February 23, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  3. ^ 兰新铁路第二双线哈密段完成投资超过50亿元. Tianshannet.
  4. ^ "Travellers say China's Gobi Desert high-speed rail doesn't live up to its name". November 18, 2021.
  5. ^ http://www.china.org.cn/business/2013-11/24/content_30688262.htm
  6. ^ 兰新铁路第二双线今日在乌鲁木齐开工 (in Chinese). November 4, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  7. ^ "世界上海拔最高高铁隧道——祁连山隧道全线贯通-新华网" [The world's highest high-speed railway tunnel - Qilianshan Tunnel completes]. Xinhua. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  8. ^ "High Speed Railway Tested in Xinjiang: Urumqi to Lanzhou in only 9 hours". June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  9. ^ "Xinjiang's first high-speed railway goes on trial run". June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  10. ^ Cui Jia (November 5, 2014). "Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed line nears completion". ChinaDaily.com.cn. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  11. ^ "Lanxin (Lanzhou−Xinjiang) High-Speed Rail Line - Railway Technology". www.railway-technology.com. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  12. ^ "Around China: Xinjiang to embrace era of high-speed rail — Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America". www.fmprc.gov.cn. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  13. ^ "南疆铁路与兰新铁路联络线11月30日将开通" [The connecting line of Southern Xinjiang Railway and Lanxin Railway will be opened on November 30]. Sohu.
  14. ^ 30日南疆铁路至兰新铁路联络线开通运行 (On the 30th [of November, 2017], the connecting line between the Southern Xinjiang Railway and the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway opens), 2017-11-25
  15. ^ "兰新高铁山丹马场站开通运营".
  16. ^ "Strong Wind Derails Train, Killing 4". China.org.cn. Xinhua News Agency. February 28, 2007. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  17. ^ http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNzIxNjU4OTEy.html
  18. ^ 胡锐鹏; 张戎令; 王朦诗 (2018). "大温差戈壁地区高速铁路无砟轨道混凝土开裂研究". 硅酸盐通报.
  19. ^ 李伟 (2017). "兰新高速铁路路基沉降变形分析方法与评价". 中国住宅设施.
  20. ^ 张建渊; 胡海东; 沈鑫 (2018). "兰新高速铁路沿线盐渍土地基的溶陷特性". 铁道建筑. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1995.2018.03.15.
  21. ^ 杨有海; 沈鑫; 于洪钦; 王财平 (2017). "兰新高速铁路高寒区段路基冻害分析与整治". 铁道建筑.
  22. ^ "【独家】实拍兰新铁路张家庄隧道所在山体开裂" (in Chinese (China)). 央视新闻. January 19, 2016.
  23. ^ "【独家】实拍兰新铁路张家庄隧道所在山体开裂" (in Chinese (China)). 央视新闻. January 19, 2016.
  24. ^ 谭安丽 (January 22, 2016). "受地质灾害影响 兰新线多趟动车无限期停运" (in Chinese (China)). 兰州晨报. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016.
  25. ^ 谭安丽 (January 31, 2016). "明日起，兰新高铁部分动车改经或停运". 兰州晨报. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016.
  26. ^ 谭安丽 (April 19, 2016). "曾因地质灾害停运 兰新客专送电成功5月1日恢复运行". 大陇网. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019.
  27. ^ 黄金光 (2017). "黄土隧道地质灾害抢险施工组织研究". 建筑机械化.
  28. ^ "兰新客专张家庄隧道所在山体变形 多趟列车停运" [The mountain where the Zhangjiazhuang tunnel of Lanxin Passenger Train is deformed and multiple trains are suspended]. 央视网. December 26, 2018.
  29. ^ "兰新高铁张家庄隧道发生地质灾害 青海境内三个高铁站停运". 中国新闻网. January 10, 2019.
  30. ^ "2月6日起兰州至西宁间实行新的列车运行图". 新华网. February 5, 2019. Archived from the original on February 8, 2019.
  31. ^ "兰新高铁兰州至西宁段恢复通车 压缩丝路游时空距离" [The Lanzhou-Xining section of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway resumes opening to traffic and reduces the space-time distance of Silk Road travel]. October 14, 2020.
  32. ^ "青海6.9级地震致兰新高铁受损严重，西北多条铁路运行受影响|界面新闻". www.jiemian.com (in Chinese). Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  33. ^ "果断封锁线路！突发地震，铁路部门启动应急预案". 兰新高铁浩门至清水北
  34. ^ 赵一苇, 中国高铁建设“减油门”：重点是调整高铁与普铁的投产比例 (China's high-speed rail construction to slow down: the key is to adjust the ratio of high-speed rail to conventional rail development). 中国新闻周刊, 2021-04-20
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