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Occupy Wall Street
Poster for the Occupy Wall Street protest;
Inaugural poster for the Occupy Wall Street protest
DateSeptember 17, 2011 (2011-09-17) (Constitution Day) – ongoing
Location
New York City, USA
MethodsCivil resistance, Civil disobedience, Street protests
StatusOngoing with "occupy" movements spreading to other cities, including San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Boston, Portland
Parties
Lead figures

Non-centralized leadership

Number
Near Wall Street: At least several hundred [1]
Including other activity in NYC: Over 2,000 (march on police headquarters) [1]
Over 700 (crossing Brooklyn Bridge)
Casualties and losses
Arrests: 780 + [2]
Injuries: count pending

Occupy Wall Street is an ongoing demonstration[3] opposing corrupt corporate influence in U.S. politics, the influence of money and corporations on democracy[4] and a lack of legal and political repercussions for the global financial crisis.[5] The Canadian anti-capitalist group Adbusters initially called for the protest and was inspired by the Arab Spring movement, particularly the Tahrir Square protests in Cairo which initiated the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.[6]

The aim of the demonstration is to begin a sustained occupation of Wall Street, the financial district of New York City, to protest perceived corporate greed and social inequality. Organizers intend for the occupation to last "as long as it takes to meet our demands." Specific demands are in the process of being developed.[7][8]

By October 1, similar demonstrations were held in Washington, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Boston, Chicago, Albuquerque, Seattle, and Portland, Maine.[9][10][11]

Background

After the late-2000s recession that left many countries on the edge of bankruptcy, with weakened economies and unemployment at very high levels, a Canadian-based group, the Adbusters Media Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine called Adbusters, proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street in protest against the current leadership, U.S. politics and the failure to prevent or make effective changes in the global financial crisis. According to the senior editor of the magazine, “[they] basically floated the idea in mid-July into our [email list] and it was spontaneously taken up by all the people of the world, it just kind of snowballed from there.”[12] Although it was originally proposed by Adbusters magazine, the demonstration is leaderless.[13] Activists from Anonymous encouraged its followers to take part in the protest, which increased the attention it received.[6] Other groups followed, including the NYC General Assembly and U.S. Day of Rage.[5]

Prior to the protest's beginning on September 17, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg said in a press conference, "People have a right to protest, and if they want to protest, we'll be happy to make sure they have locations to do it."[5]

Demands and goals

The protesters set up camp in what they called "Liberty Park", although Brookfield Properties, the owner of the public space, instituted new rules on September 26 to make life more difficult for the people staying in the park[14]

According to Adbusters, a primary protest organizer, the central demand of the protest is that President Barack Obama "ordain a Presidential Commission tasked with ending the influence money has over our representatives in Washington."[15] Michael Moore had suggested that this is not like any other protest but this protest represents a variety of demands with a common statement about government corruption and the privileging of big business and the wealthiest 1 percent of Americans in policy making. [16]

The protest has been criticized for its lack of focus and actionable agenda. In an article that was critical of the protesters, Ginia Bellafante wrote in The New York Times: "The group’s lack of cohesion and its apparent wish to pantomime progressivism rather than practice it knowledgably is unsettling in the face of the challenges so many of its generation face — finding work, repaying student loans, figuring out ways to finish college when money has run out."[17][18] Glenn Greenwald responded to this criticism, writing :

"Does anyone really not know what the basic message is of this protest: that Wall Street is oozing corruption and criminality and its unrestrained political power—in the form of crony capitalism and ownership of political institutions—is destroying financial security for everyone else?"[19]

The desire to form a more coherent agenda was evident around the 13th day of the occupation, with sentiment in the encampment generally split along two lines: those who want the protest to remain amorphous and to grow through spectacle; and those who want to draft focused demands about wealth disparity.[20]

Political views and goals of protesters

The movement is centered upon the statement: “the one thing we all have in common is that We Are The 99% that will no longer tolerate the greed and corruption of the 1%,” on the website OccupyWallSt.org. Thus, the protests have brought together people of many political positions including Democrats, Republicans, Libertarians, Anarchists, and Socialists. Religious beliefs vary as well including, but not limited to, Christians, Jews, Muslims, and Atheists.[21] The protesters' messages seem to be varied with a variety of demands such as raising taxes on the rich, raising taxes on corporations, ending corporate welfare, support for trade unionism, and protecting Medicare and Social Security in their traditional forms.

Chronology of events

Timeline

Main article: Timeline of Occupy Wall Street
  • September 17 saw the beginning of the Occupy Wall Street gathering. An estimated 1,000 people[22] attended on the first day. NYPD police officers prohibited protesters from erecting tents, citing loitering rules. This led to masses of people walking up and down Wall Street and gathering in Zuccotti Park between Broadway and Church streets and Liberty and Cedar Streets.
    A speaker addresses the crowd in Zuccotti Park on September 17, 2011
  • On September 19, the stock market opened on Wall Street for regular business. Many major news sources began to publish articles on the occupation[23] and Occupy Wall Street caught some mainstream media attention across a wide variety of sources.[24] By Tuesday night the protesters numbered around 150, though there were more during the day.[22]
  • On September 23, the action at Liberty Square, across the street from finance hub One Liberty Plaza, continued.[25] The Colbert Report[26] satirized the protests and major newspapers including The Guardian[27] and the New York Times covered the protests.[18]
  • On September 27, in a show of frustration over collective bargaining failures, seven hundred United and Continental Airlines pilots, along with others from the Airline Pilots Association, demonstrated in front of Wall Street in New York. [28] The pilots were in uniform, and walked in formation carrying signs that read, "What's a pilot worth? It depends on your perspective."[28]
  • On September 29, protesters in San Francisco attempted to occupy Citibank, Chase, and attempted to enter a Charles Schwab financial institution.[29][30]

Major incidents

The protesters marched toward police station and various other targets

First arrests

The New York Police Department have made arrests during the protests:

  • Four protesters were arrested for wearing masks.[32]
  • One protester was arrested for crossing a police barricade and resisting arrest.[33]
  • Two protesters were arrested for entering a building belonging to Bank of America.[33]
  • One protester was arrested for disorderly conduct.[34]

At least 80 arrests were made on September 24,[35] after protesters started marching uptown and forcing the closure of several streets.[36][37] Most of the 80 arrests were for blocking traffic, though some were also charged with disorderly conduct and resisting arrest. Police officers have also been using a technique called kettling which involves using orange nets to isolate protesters into small groups. [36][37]

Pepper-spraying incidents

Main article: Pepper spraying of the Occupy Wall Street demonstrators

On September 24 witnesses said they saw three women collapse on the ground screaming after they were pepper sprayed in the face. The incident took place near the intersection of 12th Street and University Place in Greenwich Village, during a march between Zuccotti Park and Union Square. Officials said that the protestors did not have a permit for the march. A video posted on YouTube and NYDailyNews.com shows uniformed officers had corralled the women using orange nets and one suddenly sprayed the women before turning and quickly walking away.[38] Another woman who had been caught up in the net and pepper sprayed reported other incidents that she believed to be unnecessary use of police force.[39] The Police Department’s chief spokesman, Paul J. Browne, said the police had used the pepper spray “appropriately." According to the spokesperson, “Pepper spray was used once after individuals confronted officers and tried to prevent them from deploying a mesh barrier — something that was edited out or otherwise not captured in the video.”[40] Activists later published the name and contact details of the officer seen spraying the women with pepper spray, and encouraged members of the public to complain about his conduct.[41] The police officer who used the pepper spray was identified[42] as Deputy Inspector Anthony V. Bologna aka "Tony Bologna" of the New York Police Department.[43][44][45][46][47][48] Bologna has previously faced civil rights complaints for his role during the 2004 Republican Convention held in New York City, for allegedly committing false arrest and civil rights violations.[43][46]

Protests on 14th day of the occupation

A second video posted by a photographer, Andrew Hinderaker, on the political blog Daily Kos appeared to show another pepper spraying incident. According to Hinderaker, who was wearing his press card, he had been on East 12th Street and saw officers drag a woman from behind a net and throw her on the ground. He photographed the scene and then started walking away when he was sprayed. Although Hinderaker said that he was not sure who had sprayed him, the video appears to show Bologna spraying the photographer directly in the face.[49]

The following day the group Anonymous released a video in which they threatened the New York Police Department with the ultimatum:

We, as it is our duty to uphold the freedoms of the people will constitute a declaration of war against the NYPD if the brutality does not stop. If we hear of brutality in the next 36 hours then we will take you down from the internet as you have taken the protesters voices from the airwaves.

The 36 hours passed without incident.[50] Both Raymond W. Kelly, commissioner of the New York Police Department Internal Affairs Bureau, and the office of the Manhattan district attorney, Cyrus Vance, Jr., opened investigations on the pepper-spraying.[49]

Brooklyn Bridge mass arrest

On October 1, 2011, protesters set out to march across Brooklyn Bridge. The New York Times reported that more than 700 arrests were made. 10 buses were used to carry protesters off the bridge.[51] Spokesman for the New York Police Department, Paul Browne, vouched that protesters were given "multiple warnings" not to block pedestrian walkways on the bridge, and were arrested when they refused.[2] According to RT, the group walked on the Brooklyn Bridge, when on the bridge, the police showed up, locked both sides of the bridge, moved toward trapped protesters, arrested them (about 700) and journalists as well on the ground of traffic disturbance.[52] An RT journalist expressed concern over the hundreds of arrests upon the expanding movement.[52]

On October 2, The Guardian and others reported the controversy and emerging videos showing the police, after letting the protesters walk on the bridge pedestrian walk way and prevent them walk on the main road, they eventually let the protesters walk to the bridge's main road to then arrest them on traffic disruption charges:[53]

Protesters started marching up the pedestrian walk way over the bridge while others tried to take the traffic lane. For a few minutes officers held the line and then they turned around and led the way up the traffic lane on the Brooklyn Bridge. From what I saw no police told any of the protesters to leave until they created a barricade in front of the march about halfway through the bridge. They then pulled vans and buses up to the back of the group and started arresting everyone.[54][55]

or

Video leaves no doubt that, whatever the NYPD told the first group of protesters, cops were at the head of the march as it moved onto the roadway — whether this was deliberate or not, it constitutes entrapment, meaning the police leading people into the commission of crimes in order to arrest them, which is illegal. [56]

By October 2 all but 20 of the arrestees had been released with citations for disorderly conduct and a criminal court summons.[57]

Reactions

Wall Street itself has remained barricaded off from all pedestrians, including tourists.

Several commentators in the media and financial sector raised fears of unrest in the run-up to the event despite the organizers' insistence that the occupation would remain non-violent. In an interview with The New American, Ron Arnold of the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise claimed that, "American radicals are planning hundreds of simultaneous violent uprisings to topple our system of capitalism...I'm talking about anti-capitalist terrorists in our own country."[58] The Blaze, a conservative news website, criticized U.S. Day of Rage's involvement in the demonstration and compared the event to the violent "Days of Rage" protests in 1969.[59] An article published in the New York Daily News described the protesters as a "bunch of spoiled brats."[60]

Political commentator and writer Keith Olbermann criticized mainstream media for failing to cover Occupy Wall Street, saying, "Why isn't any major news outlet covering this? ... If that's a Tea Party protest in front of Wall Street ..., it's the lead story on every network newscast."[61][25] Canadian writer Naomi Klein supported the protest, saying, "This is not the time to be looking for ways to dismiss a nascent movement against the power of capital, but to do the opposite: to find ways to embrace it, support it and help it grow into its enormous potential. With so much at stake, cynicism is a luxury we simply cannot afford."[62] Filmmaker Michael Moore spoke against Wall Street, saying, "They have tried to take our democracy and turn it into a kleptocracy."[63][64] Educator and author Cornel West addressed the frustrations that some critics have expressed at the protest’s lack of a clear and unified message, saying:

It’s impossible to translate the issue of the greed of Wall Street into one demand, or two demands. We’re talking about a democratic awakening...you’re talking about raising political consciousness so it spills over all parts of the country, so people can begin to see what’s going on through a set of different lens, and then you begin to highlight what the more detailed demands would be. Because in the end we’re really talking about what Martin King would call a revolution: A transfer of power from oligarchs to everyday people of all colors. And that is a step by step process.[65]

Support for the demonstration amongst mainstream liberal groups varied. Progressive blogger Zaid Jilani, writing for ThinkProgress, wrote that the protesters' anger against Wall Street banks was not unreasonable "because Wall Street’s actions made tens of millions of people dramatically poorer through no fault of their own."[66] The left-wing blog Crooks and Liars commented on the demonstration, with blogger Susie Madrak writing, "I have a feeling this might be a good one."[67]. However, the liberal Mother Jones magazine was extremely critical of the demonstrations. In a September 27 article they strongly criticized the movements lack of a clear message that can carry the movement forward and the tactics of the Anonymous group. In their opinion, the movement has not yet been able to draw in a wide swath of Americans: " So far, this is more a movement for dreamers than for middle-class Americans trying to make ends meet."[68]

Rap artist Lupe Fiasco donated tents and a mobile sound system for the occupation; he also wrote a poem to help inspire the protesters.[69] Comedienne Roseanne Barr spoke to protesters during the first day of the demonstration, describing Wall Street financiers as "the people who decimated our economy and caused all the problems in the world."[70] Susan Sarandon spoke at the demonstration saying, "I came down here to educate myself...There's a huge void between the rich and the poor in this country."[71] Other celebrities lending their support were Russell Simmons,[72] Anti-Flag,[73] Salman Rushdie,[74] Margaret Atwood, Noam Chomsky, Radiohead,[75] and some war veterans.[76]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c "700 Arrested After Wall Street Protest on N.Y.'s Brooklyn Bridge". Fox News Channel. Retrieved October 1, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |datemade= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Marcinek, Laura (September 17, 2011). "Protesters Converge on Lower Manhattan, Plan 'Occupation'". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  4. ^ Adbuster.org (2011). "Adbuster's OccupyWallStreet page".
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  6. ^ a b Saba, Michael (September 17, 2011). "Twitter #occupywallstreet movement aims to mimic Iran". CNN tech. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
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  9. ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/30/occupy-wall-street-protests-new-york_n_989221.html
  10. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/28/occupy-boston-wall-street
  11. ^ http://usmfreepress.org/2011/10/occupy-maine-protest-descends-on-monument-square/
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  14. ^ Corporate Landlord Losing Patience With Occupy Wall Street Protest, Joe Coscarelli, New York, September 26, 2011; accessed September 27, 2011
  15. ^ Adbusters, Adbusters, July 13, 2011; accessed September 30, 2011
  16. ^ Michael Moore Live • Occupy Wall Street Interview • MSNBC Lawrence O'Donnell, September 28, 2011; accessed October 2nd, 2011
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  20. ^ The debate at Occupy Wall Street: To what end?, Justin Elliott, Salon, September 29, 2011; accessed September 29, 2011
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  36. ^ a b "Police Arrest 80 During 'Occupy Wall Street' Protest". Fox New.com. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
  37. ^ a b Moynihan, Colin. "80 Arrested as Financial District Protest Moves North". The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  38. ^ Deluca, Matt. "Wall Street protesters cuffed, pepper-sprayed during 'inequality' march". NYDailyNews.com. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  39. ^ Mansfield, Jeanne (September 26, 2011). "Why I Was Maced at the Wall Street Protests". Boston Review. Retrieved September 30, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  40. ^ Goldstein, Joseph. "Videos Show Police Using Pepper Spray at Protest on the Financial System". The New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ Karen McVeigh in New York. "Occupy Wall Street activists name officer over pepper spray incident | World news | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  42. ^ Elinor Mills (September 26, 2011). "Anonymous exposes info of alleged pepper spray cop". CNet News.
  43. ^ a b McVeigh, Karen (September 27, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street: 'Pepper-spray' officer named in Bush protest claim". The Guardian (UK). The Guardian.
  44. ^ Dwyer, Jim (September 27, 2011). "A Spray Like a Punch in the Face". The New York Times.
  45. ^ Coscarelli, Joe (September 26, 2011). "Anonymous Outs NYPD Officer Who Pepper-Sprayed Occupy Wall Street Protesters". New York Magazine.
  46. ^ a b "Anthony Bologna, NYPD Officer Who Pepper-Sprayed Protester, Had Role In 2004 Incidents". The Huffington Post. September 27, 2011.
  47. ^ "Hackers grab Goldman CEO's personal data". CBS News. September 27, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/09/27/tech/cnettechnews/main20112427.shtml?tag= ignored (help)
  48. ^ "Michael Moore backs Wall Street activists". UPI. September 27, 2011.
  49. ^ a b Baker, Al; Goldstein, Joseph (September 28, 2011). "Officer's Pepper-Spraying of Protesters Is Under Investigation". TheNewYorkTimes.com. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
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  51. ^ Baker, Al (October 1, 2011). "Police Arrest More Than 400 Protesters on Brooklyn Bridge". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  52. ^ a b Russia Today (10/01). "Brutal crackdown on Brooklyn Bridge, 700 protesters arrested". New York. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Unknown parameter |urt= ignored (help)
  53. ^ Pilkington, Ed (Oct. 2). "Occupy Wall Street protest: NYPD accused of heavy-handed tactics". Guardian.co.uk. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  54. ^ "Brooklyn Bridge Protesters Illegally Ketteled Video Proof / 700 Illegal arrests". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |pusbisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Ross, Jérome E. (Oct. 2). "How the New York Times manipulated blame for arrests". Roarmag.org. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  56. ^ http://www.globalcomment.com/2011/police-entrapment-and-the-explosion-of-the-occupy-wall-street-movement-an-eyewitness-account/
  57. ^ "Hundreds freed after New York Wall Street protest". BBC News. BBC. October 2, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
  58. ^ “Day of Rage” Wall St. Occupation Sparks Fears, The New American, September 13, 2011
  59. ^ Who Is Behind the ‘US Day of Rage’ to ‘Occupy’ Wall Street this September 17?, TheBlaze.com, August 19, 2011
  60. ^ "Occupy Wall Street protesters are behaving like a bunch of spoiled brats". NY Daily.
  61. ^ "Will Bunch, author of 'The Backlash,' on mainstream media's failure to cover Wall Street protests". current.com. September 21, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  62. ^ "Open Letter From Arun Gupta on the Wall Street Occupation: The Revolution Begins at Home". naomiklein.org. September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
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  64. ^ Strachan, Jessica. "Michael Moore gives speech at Liberty Plaza for 'Occupy Wall Street'". The Flint Journal. Retrieved September 27, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  65. ^ "Cornel West on Occupy Wall Street: It's the Makings of a U.S. Autumn Responding to the Arab. Occupy Wall Street was hit by a major troll attack which caused to site to be member only. Spring". Democracy Now. September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  66. ^ Why There Are Protests On Wall Street: Their Actions Impoverished More Than 60 Million People, ThinkProgress, September 18, 2011
  67. ^ Occupy Wall Street: 'This Is Not A One-Day Demonstration, We're Not Leaving', Crooks and Liars, September 17, 2011
  68. ^ http://motherjones.com/mojo/2011/09/occupy-wall-street
  69. ^ "U.S. Day of Rage planned for Saturday — an Arab Spring in America?". September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  70. ^ "Occupy Wall Street": Thousands March in NYC Financial District, Set Up Protest Encampment, DemocracyNow.org, September 19, 2011
  71. ^ Cox, Jeff (September 28, 2011). "Susan Sarandon lends star power to Wall Street protests". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved September 30, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  72. ^ "Russell Simmons visits 'Occupy Wall Street' protesters with bottles of water, words of encouragement". Nydailynews.com. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
  73. ^ "Let's Occupy Wall Street!". anti-flag.com. September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  74. ^ Salman Rushdie's tweets: n⁰1 , n⁰2
  75. ^ Linda Solomon. "Michael Moore, Susan Sarandon, Margaret Atwood and Noam Chomsky throw weight behind #OccupyWallSt protest". The Vancouver Observer. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
  76. ^ "Calling all Military Veterans of Reddit. We took an oath to protect the people and the constitution of the United States of America. Meet me on Wall St". Sept 30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |lst= ignored (help)
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