View source for Gambling in the United States

{{Short description|none}}
{{more citations needed|date = June 2019}}
{{Economy of the United States sidebar}}
[[File:Wynn Casino Las Vegas Gambling Resort.jpg|thumb|The casino floor at [[Wynn Las Vegas]] in [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise]], [[Nevada]]]]
In the [[United States]], [[gambling]] is subject to a variety of legal restrictions. In 2008, gambling activities generated gross revenues (the difference between the total amounts wagered minus the funds or "winnings" returned to the players) of $92.27 billion in the United States.<ref name="revenue">{{cite web|url=http://www.americangaming.org/Industry/factsheets/statistics_detail.cfv?id=7 |publisher=American Gaming Association |title=Industry Information: Fact Sheets: Statistics: Gaming revenues for 2007 |access-date=2007-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044027/http://www.americangaming.org/Industry/factsheets/statistics_detail.cfv?id=7 |archive-date=2007-09-28 }}</ref>

The American Gaming Association, an industry trade group, states that gaming in the U.S. is a $240 billion industry, employing 1.7 million people in 40 states.<ref name="employ">{{cite web |url=https://www.americangaming.org/about |title=About AGA}}</ref> In 2016, gaming taxes contributed $8.85 billion in state and local tax revenues.<ref name="taxrev">{{cite web|url=https://www.americangaming.org/sites/default/files/2016%20State%20of%20the%20States_FINAL.pdf |title=2016 STATE OF THE STATES }}</ref>

In 2018, the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared a federal ban on [[Sports betting|sports gambling]] to be unconstitutional in ''[[Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association]].''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |last2=Draper |first2=Kevin |date=2018-05-14 |title=Supreme Court Ruling Favors Sports Betting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/14/us/politics/supreme-court-sports-betting-new-jersey.html |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In the years that followed, dozens of states legalized sports gambling,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022 |title=Where is sports betting legal in the U.S.? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/08/29/sports-betting-laws-by-state/ |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> and the sports gambling industry has recorded record profits year-by-year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-20 |title=Sports betting hits record $11B in 2023 revenue |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/betting/story/_/id/39563784/sports-betting-industry-posts-record-11b-2023-revenue |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref>

Critics of gambling argue it leads to increased [[political corruption]], [[compulsive gambling]], and higher [[crime]] rates. Others argue that gambling is a type of [[regressive tax]] on the individuals in local economies where gambling venues are located.

==History==
{{Main|History of gambling in the United States}}

==Authorized types==
Many levels of government have authorized multiple forms of gambling in an effort to raise money for needed services without raising direct taxes. These include everything from bingo games in church basements, to multimillion-dollar poker tournaments. Sometimes states advertise revenues from certain games to be devoted to particular needs, such as education.

When New Hampshire authorized a state lottery in 1963, it represented a major shift in social policy. No state governments had previously directly run gambling operations to raise money. Other states followed suit, and now the majority of the states run some type of lottery to raise funds for state operations.  Some states restrict this revenue to specific forms of expenditures, usually oriented toward education, while others allow lottery revenues to be spent on general government.   This has brought about morally questionable issues, such as states' using marketing firms to increase their market share, or to develop new programs when old forms of gambling do not raise as much money.

The [[American Gaming Association]] breaks gambling down into the following categories:<ref name="revenue"/>
* [[Card room]]s, both public and private
* [[Casino|Commercial casinos]]
* [[Charity gambling|Charitable games]] and [[Bingo (American version)|Bingo]]
* [[Native American gaming|Tribal casinos]]
* [[Sports betting|Legal bookmaking]]
* [[Lottery|Lotteries]]
* [[Parimutuel betting|Parimutuel wagering]]
* [[Advance-deposit wagering]]

==Legality==
While gambling is legal under U.S. federal law, there are significant restrictions pertaining to interstate and online gambling, as each state is free to regulate or prohibit the practice within its borders.

The [[Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992]] effectively outlawed sports betting nationwide, excluding a few states: however, on May 14, 2018, the [[United States Supreme Court]] declared the entire law unconstitutional (''[[Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association]]'').

If state-run lotteries are included, then 48 states allow some form of gambling (the exceptions are [[Hawaii]], where gambling was outlawed prior to statehood, and [[Utah]], which has a Latter-day Saint majority population and also bans gambling in the state constitution).

However, casino-style gambling is much less widespread. Federal law provides leeway for Native American Trust Land to be used for games of chance if an agreement is put in place between the state and the tribal government (e.g. a "Compact" or "Agreement") under the [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act]] of 1988.

As of 2023, [[Louisiana]] and [[Nevada]] are the only states in which casino-style gambling is legal statewide, with both state and local governments imposing licensing and zoning restrictions. All other states that allow casino-style gambling restrict it to small geographic areas (e.g., [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] or [[Deadwood, South Dakota]]), or to [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] [[Indian reservation|reservations]], some of which are located in or near large cities.

As domestic dependent nations, American Indian tribes have used legal protection to open casinos, which has been a contentious political issue in [[California]] and other states. In some states, casinos are restricted to "[[Riverboat casino|riverboats]]", large multi-story barges that are permanently moored in a body of water.

[[Online gambling]] has been more strictly regulated: the [[Federal Wire Act]] of 1961 outlawed interstate wagering on sports, but did not address other forms of gambling; it has been the subject of court cases. The [[Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006]] (UIGEA) did not specifically prohibit online gambling; instead, it outlawed financial transactions involving online gambling service providers—some offshore gambling providers reacted by shutting down their services for US customers.

Other operators, however, have continued to circumvent UIGEA and have continued to service US customers. For this reason, UIGEA has received criticism from notable figures within the gambling industry.<ref>{{cite web |author=CasinoReviews |date=31 January 2024 |title=CasinoReviews Interviews – Michael Shackleford – The Wizard of Odds |url=https://casinoreviews.com/blog/casinoreviews-interviews-michael-shackleford-the-wizard-of-odds}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Legality of gambling types in U.S. states and territories (commercial, Native American, racetrack casinos, etc.)
|-
! State/district/territory !! Charitable !! Pari-mutuel !! Lotteries !! Commercial !! Tribal !! Racetrack !! Online !! Sports betting
|-
| {{flag|Alabama}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Alaska}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|American Samoa}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Arizona}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Arkansas}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|California}} [[Gambling in California|California]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Colorado}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Connecticut}} [[Gambling in Connecticut|Connecticut]] || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Delaware}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|District of Columbia}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Florida}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagcountry|Georgia (U.S. state)}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Guam}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Hawaii}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Idaho}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Illinois}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Indiana}} [[Gambling in Indiana|Indiana]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Iowa}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Kansas}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Kentucky}} [[Gambling in Kentucky|Kentucky]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Louisiana}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Maine}} [[Gambling in Maine|Maine]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Maryland}} [[Gambling in Maryland|Maryland]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Massachusetts}} [[Gambling in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Michigan}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Minnesota}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Mississippi}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Missouri}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Montana}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Nebraska}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Nevada}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|New Hampshire}} [[Gambling in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|New Jersey}} [[Gambling in New Jersey|New Jersey]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nj.gov/lps/ge/docs/Regulations/CHAPTER69O.pdf|title = CHAPTER69O}}</ref>|| {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|New Mexico}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|New York}} [[New York (state)|New York]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|North Carolina}} [[Gambling in North Carolina|North Carolina]] || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|North Dakota}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Ohio}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Oklahoma}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Oregon}} [[Gambling in Oregon|Oregon]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Pennsylvania}} [[Gambling in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Puerto Rico}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Rhode Island}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|South Carolina}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|South Dakota}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dor.sd.gov/businesses/gaming/|title = Gaming| date=12 September 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tennessee}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagdeco|Texas}} [[Gambling in Texas|Texas]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| data-sort-value="United States Virgin Islands" | {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Utah}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Vermont}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{n/a}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Virginia}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flagcountry|Washington (state)}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|West Virginia}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{n/a}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|-
| {{flag|Wisconsin}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|-
| {{flag|Wyoming}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|}

===Recriminalization===
On July 1, 2000, a new law took effect in the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[South Carolina]], whereby the ownership, possession, or operation of a [[video poker]] machine, for either commercial or personal use, became illegal. Violators are subject to prosecution and substantial fines. Through at least 2007, the only type of legalized gambling in that state is the [[South Carolina Education Lottery]].<ref>[http://casinogambling.about.com/library/weekly/aa101899.htm About.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075011/http://casinogambling.about.com/library/weekly/aa101899.htm |date=2011-07-07 }}, accessed February 21, 2007</ref>

==Types==
===Commercial casinos===
[[File:Nevada - Las Vegas legendary MGM Grand @ South Strip (49471875048).jpg|thumb|The [[MGM Grand Las Vegas]] as seen in 2019]]

Commercial casinos are founded and run by private or public companies on non-Native American land. There are 24 states (and three U.S. territories) that allow commercial casinos in some form: Arkansas,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ozarksfirst.com/news/arkansas-casinos-open-doors-for-the-first-time/1894013101|title=Arkansas Casinos Open Doors for the First Time|date=2019-04-02|website=OZARKSFIRST|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-06}}</ref> Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Northern Marianas Islands, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Dakota, U.S. Virgin Islands, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia.

The approximately 450 commercial casinos in total produced a gross gambling revenue of $34.11 billion in 2006.<ref name="commlpdf">{{cite web|url=http://www.americangaming.org/assets/files/uploads/2004_Casino_State_Statistics.pdf |title=Casino State Statistics |year=2004 |access-date=2007-05-18 |publisher=American Gaming Association |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044059/http://www.americangaming.org/assets/files/uploads/2004_Casino_State_Statistics.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-28 }}</ref>

===Native American gaming===
{{Main|Native American gaming}}
[[File:Foxwood Casino.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Foxwoods Casino]] in [[Mashantucket, Connecticut]], operated by the [[Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation]]]]
The history of Native American commercial gambling began in 1979, when the [[Seminole]]s began running bingo games.<ref name="Praeger">Johansen, Bruce. ''The Praeger Handbook on Contemporary Issues in Native America'', Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2007.</ref>  Prior to this, the Native Americans had no previous experience with large-scale commercial gambling. Native Americans were familiar with the concept of small-scale gambling, such as placing bets on sporting contests. For example, the [[Iroquois]], [[Ojibwe]]s, and [[Menominee]]s would place bets on games of [[snow snake]].<ref name="Praeger"/> Within six years after commercial gambling among Native Americans developed, seventy-five to eighty of the three hundred federally recognized tribes became involved. By 2006, about three hundred Native American groups hosted some sort of gaming.<ref name="Praeger"/>

Some Native American tribes operate casinos on tribal land to provide employment and revenue for their government and their tribe members. Tribal gaming is regulated on the tribal, state, and federal level. Native American tribes are required to use gambling revenue to provide for governmental operations, economic development, and the welfare of their members. Federal regulation of Native American gaming was established under the [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act]] of 1988. Under the provisions of that law, games are divided into three distinct categories:
* Class I games are "traditional" games that involve little or no wagering.
* Class II games include bingo, [[pull-tab]]s, and certain non-banked card games ([[poker]], [[cribbage]], [[contract bridge]], [[whist]], etc.).
* Class III games include all casino games ([[craps]], [[roulette]], [[blackjack]], [[Baccarat (card game)|baccarat]], [[slot machine]]s, and other games where the player bets against the house) and games that do not properly fall into classes I or II.<ref name="tribal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiangaming.org/library/indian-gaming-facts/ |title=Indian Gaming Facts |access-date=2006-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105120523/http://www.indiangaming.org/library/indian-gaming-facts/ |archive-date=2006-11-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Of the 562 federally recognized tribes in 1988, 201 participated in class II or class III gaming by 2001.<ref name="Praeger"/> Tribal gambling had revenues of $14.5 billion in 2002 from 354 casinos. Approximately forty percent of the 562 federally recognized tribes operate gaming establishments.<ref name="tribal"/>

Like other Americans, many indigenous Americans have dissension over the issue of casino gambling. Some tribes are too isolated geographically to make a casino successful, while some do not want non-Native Americans on their land. Though casino gambling is controversial, it has proven economically successful for most tribes, and the [[impact of Native American gambling|impact of American Indian gambling]] has proven to be far-reaching.

[[File:MorongoCasino1.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa]] in [[Cabazon, California|Cabazon]], [[California]] operated by the [[Morongo Band of Mission Indians]]]]

Gaming creates many jobs, not only for Native Americans, but also for non-Native Americans, and in this way can positively affect relations with the non-Native American community. On some reservations, the number of non-Native American workers is larger than the number of Native American workers because of the scale of the casino resorts.<ref name="Political Issues"/> Also, some tribes contribute a share of casino revenues to the state in which they are located, or to charitable and non-profit causes. For example, the [[San Manuel Band of Mission Indians]] of California gave 4 million dollars to the [[UCLA Law School]] to establish a center for American Indian Studies. The same tribe also gave $1 million to the state for disaster relief when the area was ravaged by wildfires in 2003.<ref name="Political Issues"/>

Although casinos have proven successful for both the tribes and the surrounding regions, state residents may oppose construction of Native American casinos, especially if they have competing projects. For example, in November 2003, the state of [[Maine]] voted against a $650 million casino project proposed by the [[Penobscots]] and [[Passamaquoddy people|Passamaquoddies]]. The project's objective was to create jobs for the tribes' young people.  The same day the state voted against the Indian casino project, Maine voters approved a plan to add slot machines to the state's harness racing tracks.<ref name="Political Issues"/>

The [[National Indian Gaming Commission]] oversees Native American gaming for the federal government. The National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) was established under the [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act]] in 1988. Under the NIGC, Class I gaming is under the sole jurisdiction of the tribe. Class II gaming is governed by the tribe, but it is also subject to NIGC regulation. Class III gaming is under the jurisdiction of the states. For instance, in order for a tribe to build and operate a casino, the tribe must work and negotiate with the state in which it is located. These [[Tribal-State compacts]] determine how much revenue the states will obtain from the Indian casinos.<ref name="Political Issues">Welch, Deborah. Contemporary Native American Issues: Political Issues. Chelsea House Publishers, 2006.</ref>

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act requires that gaming revenues be used only for governmental or charitable purposes.<ref name="New Capitalists">Darian-Smith, Eve. ''New Capitalists: Law, Politics, and Identity Surrounding Casino Gaming on Native American Land'', Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2004</ref> The tribal governments determine specifically how gaming revenues are spent.  Revenues have been used to build houses, schools, and roads; to fund health care and education; and to support community and economic development initiatives. Indian gaming is the first and essentially the only economic development tool available on Indian reservations. The National Gaming Impact Study Commission has stated that "no...economic development other than gaming has been found".<ref name="New Capitalists"/> Tribal governments, though, use gaming revenues to develop other economic enterprises such as museums, malls, and cultural centers.

There are currently 30 states that have Native American gaming: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

===Lotteries===
{{Main|Lotteries in the United States}}

[[File:1st California Lottery Tickets.jpg|thumb|A lottery ticket issued in [[California]]]]

The classic lottery is a drawing in which each contestant buys a combination of numbers. Plays are usually non-exclusive, meaning that two or more ticket holders may buy the same combination. The lottery organization then draws the winning combination of 5-8 numbers, usually from 1 to 50, using a randomized, automatic ball tumbler machine.

To win, contestants match their combinations of numbers with the drawn combination. The combination may be in any order, except in some "mega ball" lotteries, where the "mega" number for the combination must match the ball designated as the "mega ball" in the winning combination. If there are multiple winners, they split the winnings, also known as the "Jackpot". Winnings are currently subject to federal income taxes as [[ordinary income]]. Winnings can be awarded as a yearly [[Annuity (US financial products)|annuity]] or as a [[present value|lump sum]], depending on lottery rules.

Most states have state-sponsored and multi-state lotteries. There are only five states that do not sell lottery tickets: Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Nevada, and Utah. In some states, revenues from lotteries are designated for a specific budgetary purpose, such as education. Other states put lottery revenue into the general fund.

Multi-jurisdictional lotteries generally have larger jackpots due to the greater number of tickets sold. The [[Mega Millions]] and [[Powerball]] games are the biggest of such lotteries in terms of numbers of participating states.

====Scratchcard games====
Some [[state lottery|state lotteries]] run games other than the lotteries. Usually, these are in the [[scratchcard]] format, although some states use [[pull-tab]] games. In either format, cards are sold that have opaque areas. In some games, all of the opaque material is removed to see if the contestant has won, and how much. In other scratchcard games, a contestant must pick which parts of a card to scratch, to match amounts or play another form of game.

===Sports betting===
{{Main|History of gambling in the United States#Legalisation of sports gambling}}

[[File:Sports betting legality in the US.svg|thumb|306x306px|Map of sports betting legality {{As of|2024|01|df=US|lc=y}}<ref name="AGA">{{cite web |title=Interactive Map: Sports Betting in the U.S. |url=https://www.americangaming.org/research/state-gaming-map/ |access-date=January 11, 2024 |publisher=[[American Gaming Association]]}}</ref> <br/> {{legend|#008000|Sports betting legal}}{{legend|#FF0000|Sports betting illegal}}]]

[[File:Peppermill Reno 5 2012-12-19.jpg|thumb|The sports book at [[Peppermill Reno]] in [[Reno, Nevada]]]]

In 1992, the U.S. Congress passed the [[Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992|Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act]] (PASPA). It mandated states not to legalize [[sports betting]] apart from [[Parimutuel betting|parimutuel]] [[horse racing]], [[Greyhound racing|dog racing]] and [[jai alai]]. The sports lotteries conducted in [[Oregon]], [[Delaware]], and [[Montana]] were exempt, as well as the licensed sports pools in [[Nevada]].<ref name="HuffPost2017">{{cite web |last1=Lambert |first1=Troy |title=Supreme Gamble: The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/supreme-gamble-the-professional-and-amateur-sports_us_596e31b6e4b05561da5a5ae6 |website=Huffington Post |date=18 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ap may2012">{{cite web | url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nj-gov-chris-christie-let-them-try-to-stop-us-from-sports-betting/ | title = N.J. Gov. Chris Christie: "Let them try to stop us" from sports betting | date = May 25, 2012 | access-date=  March 16, 2018 | publisher = [[Associated Press]] | via = [[CBS News]] }}</ref> It also provided a one-year window for states which operated licensed casino gaming to legalize sports wagering, which New Jersey intended to do but did not reach the deadline.

In 2018, PASPA was overturned by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in ''[[Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association]]'', ruling that it conflicted with the [[Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Tenth Amendment]].<ref name="NYT 2018">{{cite news | title=Supreme Court Ruling Favors Sports Betting | first1=Adam | last1=Liptak | first2=Kevin | last2=Draper | date=May 14, 2018 | newspaper=New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/14/us/politics/supreme-court-sports-betting-new-jersey.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=de Vogue|first1=Ariane|last2=Vazquez|first2=Maegan|date=May 14, 2018|title=Supreme Court lets states legalize sports gambling|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/14/politics/sports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court/index.html|access-date=2018-05-14}}</ref> New Jersey, Delaware, and other states quickly drafted bills legalizing sports betting soon after.<ref name="ESPN.com">{{cite web|date=June 11, 2018|title=How close is my state to legalizing sports betting?|url=http://www.espn.com/chalk/story/_/id/22516292/gambling-ranking-every-us-state-current-position-legalizing-sports-betting|access-date=June 19, 2018|work=ESPN.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gregg|first=Katherine|date=June 19, 2018|title=R.I. Senate committee passes budget bill|publisher=Providence Journal|location=Providence, RI|url=http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20180619/ri-senate-committee-passes-budget-bill|access-date=June 19, 2018}}</ref> States had to determine which department would oversee state-regulated sportsbooks, usually choosing between their respective [[gaming control board|gambling commission]]s, lottery boards or, in the case of Kentucky, the state horse racing commission.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wanna bet? Here's where all 50 states stand on legalizing sports gambling|url=https://www.cbssports.com/general/news/wanna-bet-heres-where-all-50-states-stand-on-legalizing-sports-gambling/|access-date=2021-11-15|website=CBSSports.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wlky.com/article/kentucky-horse-racing-commission-sports-betting-licenses/44882687# Kentucky Horse Racing Commission approves in-person, mobile sites for sports betting]</ref>

As of September 2023, sportsbooks are legal in 38 states, the District of Columbia, and the territory of Puerto Rico, Online sports betting also legal in 30 states, Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico. The [[American Gaming Association]] reported a 2022 handle of $93.2 billion and a revenue of $7.5 billion in commercial sportsbooks.<ref name="SportsPro AGA 2022">{{cite web |title=Study: US sportsbooks post record US$7.5bn revenue in 2022 |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/us-sports-betting-sportsbooks-revenue-2022-draftkings/ |website=SportsPro |date=17 February 2023}}</ref> Americans legally bet over $115 billion on sports in 2023.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hollenbeck |first1=Brett |last2=Larsen |first2=Poet |last3=Proserpio |first3=Davide |title=The Financial Consequences of Legalized Sports Gambling |journal=Working Paper |date=2024 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4903302}}</ref> This marked a significant increase from 2018, when approximately 25 million fewer Americans wagered on sporting events.

{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! State
! Sports betting legalized
! Sports betting operational
! Retail sports betting
! Online sports betting
! Notes
|-
| [[Alabama]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Alaska]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Arizona]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|April 15, 2021; effective May 24, 2021
|-
| [[Arkansas]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|November 2018; effective July 1, 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbnation.com/a/sports-betting-gambling-state-legislation-tracker|title=Here's every state you can bet on sports, MAPPED|last=Fucillo|first=David|date=2018-09-24|website=SBNation.com|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref> Online sports betting allowed since February 22, 2022.<ref name="GamingTodayAR">{{cite web|url=https://www.gamingtoday.com/arkansas/|title=Arkansas Sports Betting|last=Hoffman|first=Amber|date=2023-03-22|website=GamingToday.com|access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gambling in California|California]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Colorado]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|November 5, 2019; effective May 2020
|-
| [[Gambling in Connecticut|Connecticut]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|
|-
| [[Delaware]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
| Offered parlay betting and championship futures for the NFL prior to PASPA being struck down; expanded on June 5, 2018<ref name=wboc>{{cite news|last=Lehman|first=Tom|title=Delaware to Begin Offering Full-Scale Sports Betting on Tuesday|publisher=WBOC-TV|location=Salisbury, MD|date=May 31, 2018|url=http://www.wboc.com/story/38319731/delaware-to-begin-offering-full-scale-sports-betting-on-tuesday|access-date=May 31, 2018}}</ref><ref name=wboc2>{{cite news|last=Lehman|first=Tom|title=Delaware Launches Expanded Sports Betting|publisher=WBOC-TV|location=Salisbury, MD|date=June 5, 2018|url=http://www.wboc.com/story/38356158/delaware-launches-expanded-sports-betting|access-date=June 5, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Florida]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|
|-
| [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Hawaii]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Idaho]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Illinois]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|June 2, 2019
|-
| [[Gambling in Indiana|Indiana]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| May 2019; effective September 1, 2019
|-
| [[Iowa]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| May 2019; effective August 15, 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kcci.com/article/gov-kim-reynolds-approves-bill-to-legalize-sports-betting-in-iowa/27458811|title=Gov. Kim Reynolds approves bill to legalize sports betting in Iowa|last=Gothner|first=Chris|date=2019-05-14|website=KCCI|language=en|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kansas]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| Effective July 1, 2022, casinos and sportsbooks can start accepting bets on September 1, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.kansascity.com/sports/article264642889.html
|title=It’s official: Sports betting’s legal in Kansas starting Sept. 1. Here are the details
|last=Shorman
|first=Jonathan
|last2=Newell
|first2=Jesse
|date=September 8, 2022
|orig-date=August 18, 2022
|url-status=live
|access-date=November 7, 2024
|archive-date=November 7, 2024
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107045857/https://www.kansascity.com/sports/article264642889.html
|website=The Kansas City Star
}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gambling in Kentucky|Kentucky]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| March 2023, effective June 28, 2023. In-person sportsbook location bets allowed since September 7, 2023. Online betting allowed since September 28, 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wkyt.com/2023/03/31/how-will-sports-betting-work-kentucky/ |title=How will sports betting work in Kentucky? |publisher=WKYT-TV |location=Lexington, KY |date=March 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/what-to-expect-as-sports-betting-begins-in-kentucky-on-thursday |title=What to expect as sports betting begins in Kentucky on Thursday. |publisher=WLEX-TV |location=Lexington, KY |date=September 7, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[Louisiana]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| Only in the 55 out of 64 parishes that voted to legalize sports betting in the November 2020 election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/politics/article_6fa17fbc-1e3e-11eb-816b-2ba060227739.html|title=Louisiana parishes embrace sports betting. So when might it start?|last=Sentell|first=Will|date=2020-11-04|website=Advocate.com|access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref> 
|-
| [[Gambling in Maine|Maine]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| Legalized May 2, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/money/hold-on-to-your-sports-bets-for-now-mainers-sports-betting-maine-gambling-rules-laws-mills/97-75d659f5-b0c4-4fb0-a37e-63739dcd35b8 |title=Hold on to your sports bets for now, Mainers |last=Rogers |first=Sam|date=2022-05-06 |website=www.newscentermaine.com |access-date=2023-05-15}}</ref>  Online sports betting went live on November 3, 2023, with in person betting allowed but no authorized entity yet licensed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/politics/maine-politics/maine-sports-betting-wabanaki-tribes/97-4ee578b1-7b7a-418e-aabd-b06b59917f86 |title=Maine launches sports betting |last=Rogers |first=Sam|date=2023-11-02 |website=www.newscentermaine.com |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gambling in Maryland|Maryland]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|
|-
| [[Gambling in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| Legalized on August 10, 2022.<ref>[https://www.wbur.org/news/2022/08/11/massachusetts-sports-betting-timeline-explainer Everything you need to know about Massachusetts' new sports betting law]</ref>
|-
| [[Michigan]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| December 2019; in-person sports betting allowed starting March 2020; online and mobile betting allowed starting January 22, 2021<ref name="MIsportsbet">{{cite news |last1=Reindl |first1=JC |title=Michigan legal online gambling and sports betting to start Friday |url=https://www.freep.com/story/money/business/2021/01/19/michigan-online-gambling-sports-betting-starts-friday/4215139001/ |access-date=29 January 2021 |work=Detroit Free Press |date=January 19, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Minnesota]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Mississippi]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
| August 1, 2018; mobile betting not allowed<ref name="bleacherreport.com">{{cite web |last1=Goldberg |first1=Rob |title=Mississippi Joins Delaware, New Jersey as States to Allow Legal Sports Betting |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2789072-mississippi-joins-delaware-new-jersey-as-states-to-allow-legal-sports-betting |website=Bleacher Report |access-date=August 9, 2018 |date=August 1, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Missouri]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Montana]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| May 3, 2019<ref name="Dorson">{{cite web|last=Dorson|first=Jill R.|url=https://sportshandle.com/montana-sports-betting-bill-governor/|title=Montana First to Send Sports Betting Bills To Governor|date=April 18, 2019|publisher=Sports Handle|language=en-US|access-date= May 8, 2019}}</ref> *Online gaming in Montana is only permitted on the premises of gaming facilities.
|-
| [[Nebraska]] || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Nevada]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| Legalized in 1949 (prior to PASPA)
|-
| [[Gambling in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| July 2019<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seacoastonline.com/news/20190712/nh-legalizes-sports-betting |title=NH legalizes sports betting |first=Holly |last=Ramer |website=seacoastonline.com |agency=[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=July 12, 2019 |access-date=July 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=GovChrisSununu |number=1149717348598894593 |title=Today I signed HB480 into law, legalizing sports betting in NH |date=July 12, 2019 |access-date=July 13, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gambling in New Jersey|New Jersey]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| June 14, 2018<ref name="Edelson">{{cite news|last=Edelson|first=Stephen|title=NJ sports betting: Will Monmouth Park be online by start of NFL season?|work=Asbury Park Press|date=August 23, 2018|url=https://www.app.com/story/sports/2018/08/23/nj-sports-betting-monmouth-park-online-start-nfl-season/1074448002/|access-date=January 23, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[New Mexico]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
| October 16, 2018<ref name="Rodenberg">{{cite web|last1=Rodenberg|first1=Ryan|title=United States of sports betting: An updated map of where every state stands|url=https://www.espn.com/chalk/story/_/id/19740480/the-united-states-sports-betting-where-all-50-states-stand-legalization|website=ESPN.com |language=en|date=1 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[New York (state)|New York]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|July 17, 2019.<ref name=":0"/> Online sports betting allowed since January 8, 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grubb|first=Harrison|title=Online Sports Betting Is Officially Legal In NY. Here's What To Know|url=https://gothamist.com/news/online-sports-betting-officially-legal-ny-heres-what-know|work=[[Gothamist]]|date=January 8, 2022|access-date=January 11, 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gambling in North Carolina|North Carolina]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|July 26, 2019; tribal casinos only; mobile betting not allowed<ref name=":0"/>
|-
| [[North Dakota]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
| Only at the Dakota Magic Casino and Hotel in [[Hankinson, North Dakota|Hankinson]], owned by the [[Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate|Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate Tribe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiangaming.com/dakota-nation-sports-book-to-launch-in-fall/|title=Dakota Nation Sports Book to Launch in Fall|last=Staff|website=Indiangaming.com|date=July 27, 2021|access-date=October 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.actionnetwork.com/legal-online-sports-betting/north-dakota-rejects-online-sports-betting-ballot-2021|title=North Dakota Legislature Rejects Online Sports Betting Ballot Measure Bill|last=Butler|first=Ryan|website=Actionnetwork.com|date=March 23, 2021|access-date=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ohio]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| March 23, 2022; effective January 1, 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Sports Gaming |url=https://casinocontrol.ohio.gov/sportsgaming.aspx |website=casinocontrol.ohio.gov |publisher=Ohio Casino Control Commission |access-date=5 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[Oklahoma]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Gambling in Oregon|Oregon]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|Legal prior to PASPA but limited; expanded on August 27, 2019<ref name=":0" />
|-
| [[Gambling in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| November 16, 2018<ref name="Rotstein">{{cite news|last=Rotstein|first=Gary|title=No legal sports betting yet in Pennsylvania, but it's on the way|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=September 4, 2018|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/state/2018/09/04/Pennsylvania-casino-sports-betting-wagers-Rivers-gaming-board-legalization-NFL-season/stories/201809040011|access-date=November 21, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Rhode Island]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| November 26, 2018
|-
| [[South Carolina]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[South Dakota]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
|Limited to the city of [[Deadwood, South Dakota|Deadwood]]; allowed constitutionally as of November 3, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Dakota Constitutional Amendment B, Deadwood Sports Betting Legalization Amendment (2020)|url=https://ballotpedia.org/South_Dakota_Constitutional_Amendment_B,_Deadwood_Sports_Betting_Legalization_Amendment_(2020)|access-date=2021-01-15|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tennessee]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
| April 30, 2019; allows only online betting<ref name="Allison">{{cite news|last=Allison|first=Natalie|title=Tennessee Governor to allow sports betting to become law without signature|work=The Tennessean|date=April 30, 2019|access-date=May 8, 2019|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2019/04/30/tennessee-sports-betting-gambling-bill-governor/3626390002/}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gambling in Texas|Texas]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Utah]] || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Vermont]] || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}}
|Online sports betting was legalized in Vermont on June 14, 2023. Online sportsbooks are expected to launch in VT early in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gamblingindustrynews.com/news/sports/vermont-online-sports-betting-launches |title=Vermont Online Sports Betting Launches with Three Sportsbooks Live|last=Tang |first=Jenny|date=2024-01-12 |website=Gambling Industry News |access-date=2024-01-14}}</ref>
|-
| [[Virginia]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| July 1, 2020
|-
| [[Washington (state)|Washington]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[West Virginia]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
| August 30, 2018
|-
| [[Wisconsin]] || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}} || {{Yes C}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
| [[Wyoming]] || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|
|-
|[[American Samoa]]|| {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
|[[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]]|| {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}} || {{Yes C}}
|May 2019<ref>{{cite news |last=Harrison-Millan |first=Robin |date=May 8, 2019 |title=Washington DC sports betting legislation becomes law |url=https://www.igbnorthamerica.com/washington-dc-sports-betting-legislation-becomes-law/ |access-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Guam]]|| {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
|[[Northern Mariana Islands]]|| {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
|[[Puerto Rico]]|| {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|-
|[[US Virgin Islands]]|| {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}} || {{No X}}
|
|}

==Gambling revenues==
{{update|date=January 2023}}
According to the Center for Gaming Research University Libraries, legal gambling revenues for 2007 were as follows:<ref name="revenue"/>
* Total: $158.54 billion
* Commercial casinos: $ 41.2 billion
*[[Native American gaming|Tribal casinos]]: $ 31.945 billion
*[[Cardroom|Card rooms]]: $ 1.9 billion
* [[Lottery|Lotteries]]: $ 80.55 billion
* Legal bookmaking: $ 248 million
* [[Parimutuel betting|Pari-mutuel wagering]]: $ 295 million
* [[Charity gambling|Charitable games and bingo]]: $ 2.15 billion

According to the American Gaming Association, legal gambling revenues at commercial establishments (not including tribal casinos) for 2024 were as follows:<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.americangaming.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CY-2024_CGRT_v2.pdf |title=Commercial Gaming Revenue Tracker |author=American Gaming Association |date=2023}}</ref>
* Total: $ 66.6 billion
* Casinos: $ 49.4 billion
* Sports gambling (not including parimutuel): $ 11.0 billion
** Online: $ 10.4 billion
** Retail: $ 0.6 billion
* Online casino: $ 6.2 billion
* Online (sports and casino): $ 16.6 billion

==See also==
* [[Instant Racing]]
* [[List of casinos in the United States]]
* [[Gambling in California]]
* [[Gambling in Connecticut]]
* [[Gambling in Indiana]]
* [[Gambling in Iowa]]
* [[Gambling in Maine]]
* [[Gambling in Massachusetts]]
* [[Gambling in New Hampshire]]
* [[Gambling in New Jersey]]
* [[Gambling in North Carolina]]
* [[Gambling in Oregon]]
* [[Gambling in Pennsylvania]]
* [[Gambling in Texas]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading==
* Abt, Vicki, James F. Smith, and Eugene Martin Christiansen, eds. ''The business of risk: Commercial gambling in mainstream America'' (University Press of Kansas, 1985).
* Burnham, John C., ed. ''Bad Habits: Drinking, smoking, taking drugs, gambling, sexual misbehavior and swearing in American History'' (NYU Press, 1992).
* Chafetz, Henry. ''Play the Devil: A History of Gambling in the United States from 1492 to 1955'' (1960), popular history.
* Clotfelter, Charles T., and Philip J. Cook. ''Selling hope: State lotteries in America'' (Harvard  UP, 1991).
* Ferentzy, Peter, and Nigel Turner. "Gambling and organized crime-A review of the literature." ''Journal of Gambling Issues'' 23 (2009): 111–155. [http://jgi.camh.net/index.php/jgi/article/download/3812/3828 Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104081104/http://jgi.camh.net/index.php/jgi/article/download/3812/3828 |date=2018-11-04 }}
* Findlay, John M.  ''People of Chance: Gambling in American Society from Jamestown to Las Vegas'' (Oxford University Press, 1986).
* Goodman, Robert. ''The luck business'' (Simon and Schuster, 1996), attacks the business
* Haller, Mark H. "The changing structure of American gambling in the twentieth century." ''Journal of Social Issues'' 35.3 (1979): 87–114.
* Lears, Jackson. ''Something for Nothing: Luck in America'' (2003). 
* Lang, Arne K. ''Sports betting and bookmaking: An American history'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016).
* Longstreet, Stephen. ''Win or Lose: A Social History of Gambling in America''  (1977)
* Meyer-Arendt, Klaus, And  Rudi Hartmann, eds. ''''Casino Gambling in America: Origins, Trends, and Impacts'' (1998) 
* O'Brien, Timothy L. ''Bad Bet: The Inside Story of the Glamour, Glitz, and Danger of America's Gambling Industry'' (1998).
* Sallaz, Jeff. ''The labor of luck: Casino capitalism in the United States and South Africa'' (U of California Press, 2009).
* Thompson, William N. ''Gambling in America: An encyclopedia of history, issues, and society'' (Abc-Clio, 2001).

==External links==
* [http://www.americangaming.org/ American Gaming Association] Gaming industry association
* [http://www.indiangaming.org/ National Indian Gaming Association] Indian gaming industry association

{{Gambling by country}}
{{Gaming control boards in the United States}}
{{Social Policy in the United States|state=autocollapse}}
{{Economy of the United States}}

[[Category:Gambling in the United States| ]]