Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

Wenceslaus I
Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg
Count of Luxembourg, Arlon and Durbuy
Reign	1353-13 March 1354
Predecessor	Emperor Charles IV
Duke of Luxembourg
Reign	13 March 1354-7 December 1383
Successor	Wenceslaus IV
Duke of Brabant and Limburg with Joanna
Reign	1355-1383
Predecessor	John III
Successor	Joanna
Born	25 February 1337 Prague
Died	7 December 1383(1383-12-07) (aged 46) Luxembourg
Burial	Abbaye d'Orval, Belgium
Spouse	Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
House	Luxembourg
Father	John of Bohemia
Mother	Beatrice of Bourbon

Wenceslaus I (also Wenceslas, Venceslas, Wenzel, or Václav, often called Wenceslaus of Bohemia in chronicles) (25 February 1337 – 7 December 1383) was the first Duke of Luxembourg from 1354. He was the son of John the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Beatrice of Bourbon.

Life

The marriage contract stipulated that if a son was born from the marriage, the County of Luxembourg (King John's paternal heritage), as well as lands belonging to it, would go to the child. Beatrice of Bourbon, gave birth to her only child, Duke Wenceslaus I, on February 25, 1337, in Prague. In 1353 Charles IV King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg and elected Holy Roman King, entrusted the county, their father's inheritance, to his half-brother Wenceslaus. In 1352, Wenceslaus married Joanna (1322 – 1406), daughter of John III, Duke of Brabant and Limburg, and Marie d'Évreux. In 1354 Charles raised Luxembourg to the status of a duchy. In 1355, Joanna inherited Brabant and Limburg. In order to guarantee the indivisibility of Brabant, Wenceslaus signed the Joyous Entry, but had to fight against his brother-in-law Louis II of Flanders, who asserted his share of the duchy. He failed to prevent the seizure of Brussels by the Flemings, but a certain Everard 't Serclaes succeeded by an audacious coup in driving them out of the city. Thereafter, Wenceslaus had to face primarily internal disorders. In 1371, he overestimated his military capacities and waged war with William II, Duke of Jülich, resulting in humiliating defeat at the Baesweiler, losing a part of his army, and several noblemen. He was captured and suffered 11 months of captivity.

Burial Place in Abbaye d'Orval, Belgium

Wenceslaus died in Luxembourg, leaving Joanna as sole ruler of Brabant, and was succeeded by Wenceslaus II (Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia) as duke of Luxembourg. There are speculations that he might have died of leprosy. His last wish was his heart to be displaced from his dead body and sent to his wife (Joanna stayed in Brussels). He is buried in a crypt at Orval Abbey in Belgium.

Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg wrote the lyric poetry interpolated in Jean Froissart's Méliador, which was identified as his by Auguste Longnon in the 1890s (Wenceslas was a patron of this chronicler). His lyric output comprises 79 poems (11 ballades, 16 virelais, 52 rondeaux).

Ancestors

Ancestors of Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

16. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg 8. Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg 17. Margaret of Bar 4. Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor 18. Baldwin of Avesnes 9. Beatrice d'Avesnes 19. Félicité of Coucy 2. John of Bohemia 20. Henry III, Duke of Brabant 10. John I, Duke of Brabant 21. Adelaide of Burgundy 5. Margaret of Brabant 22. Guy of Dampierre 11. Margaret of Flanders 23. Matilda of Bethune 1. Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg 24. Louis IX of France 12. Robert, Count of Clermont 25. Marguerite of Provence 6. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon 26. John of Burgundy 13. Beatrix of Bourbon 27. Agnes of Dampierre 3. Beatrice of Bourbon 28. John I of Avesnes 14. John II, Count of Holland 29. Adelaide of Holland 7. Mary of Avesnes 30. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (= 16.) 15. Philippa of Luxembourg 31. Margaret of Bar (= 17.)

Sources

• Boehm, Barbara Drake; Fajt, Jiri, eds. (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437. Yale University Press.
• Vaughan, Richard (2009). Philip the Bold. The Boydell Press.

Further reading

• Killgrove, Kristina (13 December 2016), "Historians Question Medieval C-Section 'Breakthrough,' Criticize New York Times Coverage", Forbes, retrieved 30 May 2017