View source for 汝

{{character info}}
==Translingual==

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=85|rad=水|as=03|sn=6|four=34140|canj=EV|ids=⿰氵女}}

====Derived characters====
* {{lang-lite|mul|sc=Hani|[[𰂈]], [[𠲤]], [[𫺈]], [[𢬨]], [[𪰤]], [[𫃤]], [[𨀾]], [[𣽮]], [[𦭰]], [[𪡑]], [[𫺋]], [[㖳]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0606.020|dkj=17138|dj=0999.110|hdz=31555.040|uh=6C5D}}

==Chinese==

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|水|女|ls=psc|c1=s|c2=p|t1=[[river]]; [[water]]}}.

===Etymology 1===
{{zh-forms}}
Probably related to {{cog-lite|qfa-kms-pro|*Ɂnjaᴬ||[[river]]}}, whence {{cog-lite|kmc|nyal||river}}, {{cog-lite|swi|qnyal}} ({{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}).

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=rǔ
|m-s=ru3
|c=jyu5
|c-t=nei4
|g=
|h=pfs=nî;gd=ni1
|j=
|mb=nṳ̌
|md=nṳ̄
|mda=Cdo-fzho,_汝.ogg
|mn=xm,tp:lú/qz:lír/zz:jí/zz:ní/kh:jú
|mn-t=re2/ru2
|mn-t_note=ru2 - Chaoyang
|mn-l=
|w=sh:6zy,6lu
|w_note=3zr - vernacular; 3lu - literary
|x=y3
|x-l=
|x-h=
|mc=y
|oc=n,y
|cat=pn
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{zh-div|水|河}} {{w|zh:汝水|Ru River}}, a [[northern]] [[tributary]] of the [[Huai River]] in modern-day [[southern]] [[Henan]] [[province]]. The name also refers to the {{w|Hong River (Huai River Tributary)|Hong River}} in its lower reaches, which now shares a common course with the Ru, as well as a southern tributary of the Hong.
# {{surname|zh}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|汝水|汝南|汝州|汝南月旦|汝墳|汝窯|汝瓷}}

===Etymology 2===
{{zh-forms|alt=女,你-coastal Min (colloquial),爾-Hokkien (archaic)}}
From {{inh-lite|zh|sit-pro|*na-ŋ||[[you]]}}. Cognate with {{zh-l|你}} and {{zh-l|爾}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=rǔ
|m-s=ru3
|c=jyu5
|c-t=nei4
|g=
|h=pfs=nî;gd=ni1
|j=
|mb=nṳ̌
|md=nṳ̄
|mda=Cdo-fzho,_汝.ogg
|mn=xm,zz,kh,tn,tc,yl,hc,ph,sg:lí/qz,ta,lk,sx,km,hc,sg:lír/xm,tp,mg,sg,pn,md:lú/kh:jú/zz:jí/zz:ní
|mn_note=Xiamen: lí - vernacular; lú - literary
Zhangzhou: lí - vernacular; jí/ní - literary
mainstream Taiwan: lí - vernacular; jú/lú - literary
Singapore: lír/lí - vernacular
|mn-t=le2/lu2/re2/ru2
|mn-t_note=le2/lu2 - vernacular (lu2 - Chaoyang); re2/ru2 - literary (ru2 - Chaoyang)
|w=sh:6zy,6lu
|w_note=3zr - vernacular; 3lu - literary
|x=y3
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=pn,pron
}}

====Definitions====
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{lb|zh|literary|or|coastal|_|Min}} [[thou]]; [[you]] {{gloss|second-person pronoun}}
#* {{zh-x|^子-貢 問 曰：「^賜 也 何如？」^子.曰：「'''女{rǔ}''' 器 也。」|Zigong asked, "What do you say of Ci [Zigong's given name]?" The Master said, "'''You''' are a utensil."|ref=Analects}}
#* {{zh-x|子 曰：「居！吾 語{yù} 汝。」|The Master said, "Sit down, and I will tell '''you'''."|ref=Liji}}
#* {{zh-x|王 欲 相 汝，汝 何不 受 乎？|The king wishes to appoint '''you''' as the prime minister; why do '''you''' not accept it?|CL|ref=Shuoyuan}}

=====Synonyms=====
{{zh-dial|你}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|汝輩|汝曹|汝儂|爾汝|爾汝之交|笑罵從汝|汝好}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|bew|lu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|my|လု|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|id|lu|lo|elu}}
* {{desc|km|លឺ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ccm|lu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|lu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|ลื้อ|bor=1}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=水03}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=にょ
|kanon=じょ
|kun=なんじ-<なんぢ-, なれ-, な-, うぬ-, しゃ-, いまし-
|nanori=な
}}

====Compounds====
{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r/args|汝%南|^じょ%なん}}
* {{ja-r/args|汝%窯|^じょ%よう}}
* {{ja-r/args|爾%汝|じ%じょ}}
}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|なんじ|alt=爾,女:rare kanbun,若:rare kanbun}}

{{IPAchar|/na mut͡ɕi/}} → {{IPAchar|/namʉd͡ʑi/}} → {{IPAchar|/nand͡ʑi/}}

Originally a compound of {{compound|ja|sort=なんじ|汝|tr1=na|pos1=[[second person]] [[singular]] [[pronoun]], see Etymology 3 below|貴|tr2=muchi|t2=[[noble]]}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR"/>

Also written as {{ja-r|なむぢ}} in older texts, since the ''namuchi'', ''namuji'', and ''nanji'' readings likely existed in free variation until the development of the {{ja-r|ん}} [[grapheme]].

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|なんじ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR|acc2=0|acc2_ref=DJR}}

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|なんじ|hhira=なんぢ}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=なんじ|archaic}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ja}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r/args|汝奴|なんめ}}
* {{ja-r/args|今%汝は画れり|いま% なんじ は かぎれり}}
* {{ja-r/args|大%汝 小%汝|^おお%なんじ ^こ%なんじ}}
}}

=====Idioms=====
{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r/args|艱%難%汝を玉にす|かん%なん %なんじ を たま に す}}
}}

=====Proverbs=====
{{der-top3|Proverbs}}
{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r/args|汝%自%身を知れ|なんじ% じ%しん を しれ}}
* {{ja-r/args|汝の敵を愛せよ|なんじ の てき を あいせよ}}
* {{ja-r/args|汝%自らを知れ|なんじ% みずから を しれ}}
* {{ja-r/args|弱き者よ汝の名は女なり|よわきもの よ なんじ の な は おんな なり}}
}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|なれ}}

From {{inh-lite|ja|ojp|-|sort=なれ}}.

Derived from {{suffix|ja|sort=なれ|汝|tr1=na|pos1=[[second person]] [[singular]] [[pronoun]], see Etymology 3 below|れ|tr2=re|pos2=nominalizing suffix}}.

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|なれ}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=なれ|archaic|obsolete}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ja}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|な|alt=己}}

From {{inh-lite|ja|ojp|-|sort=な}}.

Possibly cognate with second-person singular informal pronoun {{cog|ko|너}}.

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|な}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|obsolete|;|or|Tsugaru|Niigata}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ja}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r/args|汝|なれ}}
* {{ja-r/args|汝|なんじ}}
* {{ja-r/args|汝等|なむだち}}
}}

===Etymology 4===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|うぬ|alt=己}}

Sound shift from [[reflexive pronoun]] {{m|ja|己|tr=ono}}, {{inh|ja|ojp|己|tr=ono<sub>2</sub>}}.<ref name="DJR"/>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|うぬ|acc=0|acc2=1|acc_ref=DJR|acc2_ref=DJR}}
* Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|うぬ}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=うぬ|vulgar|_|or|_|Yamagata}} {{n-g-lite|[[second person|second-person]] [[pronoun]]}}: [[you]]
# {{lb|ja|sort=うぬ|derogatory}} {{n-g-lite|[[first person|first-]] or [[third person|third-person]] [[reflexive pronoun]]}}: [[me]], [[myself]], [[himself]], [[herself]], [[itself]], [[oneself]]
#: {{syn|ja|自分自身|tr=jibun-jishin}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r/args|汝%等|うぬ%ら}}
* {{ja-r/args|うなうな}}
}}

====Interjection====
{{ja-pos|interjection|うぬ}}

# {{lb|ja|vulgar}} {{n-g-lite|used as an [[insult]] to the [[second person]]:}} [[you]]!
#: {{syn|ja|己|tr=onore}}

===Etymology 5===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|しゃ}}
{{IPAfont|⟨si⟩}} → {{IPAchar|/ɕi/}} → {{IPAchar|/ɕa/}}
Shift from {{inh|ja|ojp|汝|tr=si}} of the same meaning.

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|しゃ}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|obsolete}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

===Etymology 6===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|いまし}}

The [[nominalization]] of [[honorific]] verb {{m|ja|坐す|tr=imasu||to [[be]]|pos=honorific}}.<ref name="KDJ"/>

Possibly also analyzable as a compound of {{prefix|ja|sort=いまし|汝|tr1=i|pos1=a rare {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} [[second person]] [[singular]] [[pronoun]]|坐|tr2=mashi|pos2=the {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||continuative or stem form}} of honorific verb {{m|ja|坐す}} ''masu'', “to be”}}.

====Pronoun====
{{ja-pos|pronoun|いまし}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=いまし|honorific|archaic}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

===See also===
{{Classical Japanese pronouns and demonstratives}}

===References===
<references/>

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=여|eumhun=|rv=yeo|mr=yŏ|y=ye}}

# [[you]]
# the name of [[water]], [[river]]<ref>{{cite-web |url=https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E6%B1%9D |title=Naver Hanja |accessdate=15 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409084131/https://hanja.dict.naver.com/hanja?q=%E6%B1%9D |archivedate=9 April 2021 }}</ref>
# {{rfdef|ko|sort=水03}}

===References===
<references/>

==Old Japanese==

===Etymology 1===
Originally a first person pronoun. Later became a second person pronoun, as is often seen in Japanese. Compare {{bor|ojp|oko|sort=な|-}} {{m|ko|나}}. Also found in some instances as a self-reference, {{m|en|one}}, {{m|en|oneself}}. This sense is more commonly spelled {{m|ja|己}} when used in isolation.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

====Pronoun====
{{head|ojp|pronoun|tr=na|kana|な}}

# {{n-g-lite|[[first-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[I]], [[me]]
# {{n-g-lite|[[third person|third-person]] [[reflexive pronoun]]:}} [[one]], [[oneself]], [[itself]]
# {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ojp}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top3}}
* {{m-lite|ojp|sc=Jpan|汝|tr=nare}}
* {{m-lite|ojp|sc=Jpan|汝弟|tr=naoto<sub>2</sub>}}
* {{m-lite|ojp|sc=Jpan|汝兄|tr=nase}}
* {{m-lite|ojp|sc=Jpan|汝妹|tr=nanimo<sub>1</sub>}}
* {{m-lite|ojp|sc=Jpan|汝ね|tr=nane}}
* {{m-lite|ojp|sc=Jpan|汝姉|tr=nane}}
* {{m-lite|ojp|sc=Jpan|汝人|tr=nabi<sub>1</sub>to<sub>2</sub>}}
{{der-bottom}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|汝|tr=na}}

=====See also=====
* {{m|ojp|劍太刀|tr=turugi<sub>1</sub>-tati|pos=[[pillow word]] that can allude to ''na''}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{suffix|ojp|sort=なれ|汝|tr1=na|pos1=[[second person]] [[singular]] [[pronoun]], see Etymology 1 above|れ|tr2=re|pos2=nominalizing suffix}}.

====Pronoun====
{{head|ojp|pronoun|tr=nare|kana|なれ|sort=なれ}}

# {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ojp}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|汝|tr=nare}}

===Etymology 3===
Cognate with {{m|ojp|其|tr=si|pos=[[third person|third-person]] [[pronoun]]}} and {{m|ojp|己|tr=si|pos=[[reflexive pronoun]]}}. {{rfv-etym|ojp}}

====Pronoun====
{{head|ojp|pronoun|tr=si|kana|し}}

# {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|汝|tr=sha}}

===Etymology 4===
The nominalization of the {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem or continuative form}} of [[honorific]] verb {{m|ojp|坐す|tr=imasu||to [[be]]}}.

Alternatively, analyzable as a compound of {{com|ojp|sort=いまし|汝|tr1=i|pos1=[[second person]] [[singular]] [[pronoun]], see Etymology 6 below||alt2=坐し|tr2=masi|pos2=the {{m|ja||連用形|tr=ren'yōkei|continuative or stem form}} of honorific verb {{m|ojp|坐す|tr=masu}}, “to be”}}.

====Pronoun====
{{head|ojp|pronoun|tr=imasi|kana|いまし}}

# {{lb|ojp|honorific}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Usage notes=====
More honorific than ''masi'' (see Etymology 5 below), but less honorific than ''mi<sub>1</sub>masi'' (see Etymology 6 below).

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ojp}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|汝|tr=imashi}}

===Etymology 5===
The nominalization of the {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem or continuative form}} of [[honorific]] verb {{m|ojp|坐す|tr=masu||to [[be]]}}.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

Alternatively, a shortening of ''imasi'' (see Etymology 3 above).<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>

====Pronoun====
{{head|ojp|pronoun|tr=masi|kana|まし}}

# {{lb|ojp|honorific}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Usage notes=====
Less honorific than both ''imasi'' (see Etymology 4 above) and ''mi<sub>1</sub>masi'' (see Etymology 6 below).

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ojp}}

===Etymology 6===
Compound of {{prefix|ojp|sort=みまし|御|tr1=mi<sub>1</sub>|pos1=honorific prefix|汝|tr2=masi|pos2=[[second person]] [[singular]] [[pronoun]], see Etymology 4 above}}.<ref name="KDJ"/>

====Pronoun====
{{head|ojp|pronoun|tr=mi<sub>1</sub>masi|kana|みまし}}

# {{lb|ojp|honorific}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Usage notes=====
More honorific than both ''imasi'' (see Etymology 4 above) and ''masi'' (see Etymology 5 above).

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ojp}}

===Etymology 7===
Possibly a borrowing from {{bor|ojp|oko|-}}, compare modern {{cog|ko|이#Etymology_4|이|[[this]] [[person]]}}. {{rfv-etym|ojp}}

====Pronoun====
{{head|ojp|pronoun|tr=i|kana|い}}

# {{lb|ojp|sort=い|rare|possibly|_|derogatory}} {{n-g-lite|[[second-person singular]] [[pronoun]]:}} [[you]], [[thou]]

=====Quotations=====
{{seeCites|ojp}}

===References===
<references/>

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=nhớ, nhở, nhởi, nhứ, nhử, nhữ, dử, nhừ, nở|rs=水03}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=水03}}