View source for -an

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "an"}}
{{minitoc}}
==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|en|-ian||euphonic variant, also spelled -aean or -æan}}
* {{alter|en|-n||when added to a word ending in ''a''}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|-an}}, regularly {{m|enm|-ain}}, {{m|enm|-ein}}, {{m|enm|-en}}, from {{der|en|fro|-ain}}, {{m|fro|-ein}}, or before ''i'', {{m|fro|-en}} (modern {{cog|fr|-ain}}, {{m|fr|-en}}, feminine {{m|fr|-aine}}, {{m|fr|-enne}}), from {{der|en|la|-ānus}} (feminine {{m|la|-āna}}), which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun, being {{m|la|-nus}} [cognate with {{cog|grc|-νος}}] preceded by a vowel, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*-nós}}. Cognate with {{cog|en|-en}}. Compare with {{m|en|-in}}, {{m|en|-ine}}.

===Suffix===
{{en-suffix|cat2=adjective-forming suffixes|cat3=noun-forming suffixes}}

# Of or pertaining to; {{non-gloss|an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form}}. {{qualifier|Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends in ''a'', {{m|en|-n}} is used instead.}}
#: {{syn|en|-al|-ar|-ese|-esque|-ic|-id|-ish|-like|-oid|-ous|-y}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|Rome|[[Roman|Rom'''an''']]}}
# {{non-gloss|Appended to nouns to form an [[agent noun]]}}. {{qualifier|When males with a profession are distinguished from females, males are ''-an'', females ''-(i)enne''.}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|comedy|comedian}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|history|historian}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|en}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|of or pertaining to}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|ـِيّ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|-à}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|-ský}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|-lainen}}, {{t+|fi|-läinen}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|-an|m}}, {{t|gl|-á|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|-isch}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|-i}}, {{t+|hu|-s}}
* Ido: {{t|io|-an-}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|-an}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|-ano}}
* Latin: {{t|la|-ānus}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|-ão|m}}, {{t+|pt|-ano|m}}, {{t|pt|-ana|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|-ano}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|-sk}}, {{t+|sv|-isk}},
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|agent noun suffix}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|-ász}}, {{t+|hu|-ész}}, {{t|hu|-ikus}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|-ano|m}}, {{t|ia|-ana|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=an|n.a.|NA|-na|N/A|N.A.|n/a|Na|na}}

==Azerbaijani==

===Suffix===
{{az-suffix-forms|a=an|ə=ən|v=y}}
{{head|az|suffix form}}

# {{non-gloss|Postconsonantal form of {{m|az|-ən}} after the vowels A / I / O / U.}}

==Bikol Central==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|bcl|phi-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|bcl|poz-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|bcl|map-pro|*-an}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|bcl|suffix}}

# a place where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be found
#: {{suffixusex|bcl|basura|t1=trash|basurahan|t2=trash can}}
# a place where the action expressed by the root is performed
#: {{suffixusex|bcl|kawat|t1=play|kawatan|t2=playground}}

==Cebuano==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|ceb|-han}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ceb|phi-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|ceb|poz-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|ceb|map-pro|*-an}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ceb|/an/}}

===Suffix===
{{head|ceb|suffix|verb-forming suffix||inchoative|gi- -an|contemplative|-an|imperative|-i|negative|-i}}

# {{n-g|locative trigger verb suffix}}; to [[do]] at, in, on a [[place]]
#: {{ux|ceb|palit'''an''' nako ang tindahan og kendi|I will buy candy at the store {{q|'''store''' is focused.}}}}
## {{n-g|directive verb suffix}}; to do at, [[towards]] [[someone]]
##: {{uxi|ceb|gikataw-'''an''' niya ang lalaki|he laughed at the man}}
## {{n-g|partitive verb suffix}}; to do to a [[part]] of something
##: {{uxi|ceb|gikuha'''an''' niyag gamay ang keyk|he took a little of the cake.}}
# {{n-g|benefactive trigger verb suffix}}; to do [[something]] for someone/something [[else]]
#: {{ux|ceb|palit'''an''' nako ang bata og keyk|I will buy cake for the child {{q|'''child''' is focused.}}}}
## {{n-g|causative verb affix}}; to do [[because of]], [[due to]]
##: {{uxi|ceb|unsay gihilak'''an''' nimo?|What is it you are crying about?}}
# {{lb|ceb|with adjective bases}} to [[consider]] something as
#: {{uxi|ceb|lisor'''an''' siya mag-Tinagalog|He finds speaking in Tagalog hard}}
# {{lb|ceb|with noun bases}} to [[put]] something on someone; to [[give]] someone
#: {{uxi|ceb|sero'''han''' ta ka|I will give you a zero}}
#: {{uxi|ceb|sapatos'''an''' nako ang bata|I will put shoes on the child}}

====Derived terms====
{{der3|ceb|ma- -an|mag- -an|tig- -an|pag- -an|paga- -an|ka- -an|kina- -an|gin- -an}}

===Suffix===
{{head|ceb|suffix|noun-forming suffix}}

# {{lb|ceb|added to nouns and verbs}} {{n-g|indicates a place where such objects are found, placed, or action done}}
#: {{syn|ceb|-anan|ka- -an}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|humay|t1=rice|humayan|t2=rice paddy}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|tinda|t1=to sell|tindahan|t2=store}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|tuba|t1=palm toddy|tubaan|t2=place where toddy is sold}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|basketbol|basketbolan|t2=basketball court}}
# {{lb|ceb|uncommon}} {{n-g|indicates an object used as an instrument}}
#: {{syn|ceb|pang-}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|baid|t1=to sharpen|bairan|t2=whetstone}}

===Suffix===
{{head|ceb|suffix|adjective-forming suffix}}

# {{lb|ceb|added to nouns}} {{n-g|characterized by having something in abundance}}; [[-ful]]
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|utok|t1=brain|utokan|t2=brainy}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|kuwarta|t1=money|kuwartahan|t2=rich}}
# {{lb|ceb|uncommon|added to adjectives or verbs}} {{n-g|characterized by being or doing such}}; [[-ly]]
#: {{syn|ceb|-on|-anon}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|talaw|t1=to back off|talawan|t2=cowardly}}
#: {{suffixusex|ceb|langas|t1=moving about a lot|langasan}} {{q|same meaning}}

====Derived terms====
{{der3|ceb|-in- -an}}

===References===
* {{R:Wolff 1972|41}}

==Chuukese==

===Suffix===
{{head|chk|suffix}}

# {{lb|chk|added to possessive nouns}} [[his]], [[hers]], [[its]]

====Related terms====
{{chk-possessive adjectives}}

==Cimbrian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|cim|gmh|-en}}, a merger of various terminations in {{inh|cim|goh|-}} reflecting different conjugational patterns, namely {{m|goh|-an}}, {{m|goh|-ōn}}, {{m|goh|-en}} ({{m|goh|-ien}}), and {{m|goh|-nen}}, from {{der|cim|gem-pro|*-aną}}, {{m|gem-pro|*-ōną}}, {{m|gem-pro|*-janą}}, {{m|gem-pro|*-āną}}, and {{m|gem-pro|*-naną}}. Cognate with {{cog|de|-en}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|cim|suffix}}

# {{ng|A suffix of all verbs in their infinitive form.}}

==Czech==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|cs|zlw-ocs|-ěnín}}, from {{inh|cs|sla-pro|*-janinъ}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{cs-IPA}}

===Suffix===
{{cs-noun|m-an|f=-anka}}

# {{n-g|forms nouns, including inhabitant names}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|cs}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cs:Slovnik afixu}}

==Esperanto==

===Suffix===
{{rfv|eo}}
{{head|eo|suffix}}

# {{obsolete form of|eo|-am}}

===See also===
{{col2|eo
|-a
|-n
}}

==Finnish==

===Etymology 1===
From earlier {{m|fi|-han|id=impersonal ending}}, {{m|fi|-hVn|pos=now dialectal}}, from {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-hën}}, {{m|urj-fin-pro|*-sën|pos=passive or reflexive suffix}}, the same as the third-person singular possessive suffix (see the possessive suffix entry on {{m|fi|-Vn|id=illative}}). Initial {{m|fi||-ta-}} is from the passive marker {{m|urj-fin-pro|*-tta-}}.

====Suffix====
{{fi-suffix|var=än}}

# {{lb|fi|personal}} {{n-g|Forms the [[impersonal]] [[indicative]] [[present]] forms of verbs, appended to the first infinitive.}}

=====Usage notes=====
Attached to the passive verb stem.

===Etymology 2===
See {{m|fi|-Vn|id=illative|pos=illative suffix}}.

====Suffix====
{{fi-suffix|var=än}}

# {{q|case suffix}} {{n-g|A suffix variant for the illative singular, see {{m|fi|-Vn}}.}}
#: {{sufex|fi|laiva|laivaan}}

===Etymology 3===
{{etymid|fi|possessive}}
See {{m|fi|-Vn|id=possessive|pos=possessive suffix}}.

====Suffix====
{{fi-suffix|var=än}}

# {{lb|fi|possessive}} {{n-g|A variant for the third-person suffix {{m|fi|-nsa}}.}}

=====Usage notes=====
See the usage notes under {{m|fi|-Vn|id=possessive}} and {{m|fi|-nsa}}.

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|fi|a=an|-na}}

{{cln|fi|case suffixes|personal suffixes|possessive suffix variants}}

==Fula==

===Affix===
{{head|ff|affix}}

# {{lb|ff|Pulaar}} {{ng|indicates that the subject is doing the verb for someone or something}}
#: {{suffixusex|ff|defde|defande|t1=to cook|t2=to cook for someone}}

===References===
* {{R:Niang 1997}}

==German==

===Etymology===
From {{der|de|la|-ānus}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/aːn/}}

===Suffix===
{{head|de|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|g=n|genitive|-ans|plural|-ane}}

# {{lb|de|hydrocarbon chain suffix}} {{l|en|-ane}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|de|Alkan}}
* {{l|de|-en}}
* {{l|de|-in}}
* {{l|de|-yl}}

==Hungarian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|hu|ɒn|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
{{rfe|hu}}

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix}}

# {{senseid|hu|adverb}} {{lb|hu|[[deadjectival]] adverb-forming suffix}} {{n-g|Added to an [[adjective]] to create an [[adverb]].}}
#: {{afex|hu|pontos|t1=accurate|pontos'''an'''|t2=accurate'''ly'''}}
# {{senseid|hu|number}} {{lb|hu|[[denumeral]] and [[depronominal]] adverb-forming suffix}} {{n-g|Added to a [[numeral]] or a [[pronoun]] with this sense to create an [[adverb]], expressing the number of people.}}
#: {{afex|hu|hat|t1=six|hat'''an'''|t2=six people, six of us/you/them}}
#: {{uxi|hu|'''Hatan''' mentünk moziba.|'''Six of us''' went to the cinema.}}
#: {{afex|hu|nyolc|t1=eight|nyolc'''an'''|t2=eight people, eight of us/you/them}}
#: {{uxi|hu|'''Nyolcan''' vannak a szobában.|There are '''eight people''' in the room.}}
#: {{afex|hu|hány|t1=how many|hány'''an'''|t2=how many (of us/you/them)}}
#: {{afex|hu|néhány|t1=some, a few|néhány'''an'''|t2=some (of us/you/them)}}
#: {{afex|hu|sok|t1=many|sok'''an'''|t2=many (of us/you/them)}}
#: {{uxi|hu|'''Sokan''' vannak a meghívottak, de kevesen a választottak.|For '''many''' are called, but few are chosen.}}
#: {{afex|hu|millió|t1=million|millió'''an'''|t2=a million (of us/you/them)}}

=====Usage notes=====
{{U:hu:adverb-an}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|hu|pos=adverb}}

===Etymology 2===
{{rfe|hu}}

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix}}

# {{senseid|hu|verb}} {{lb|hu|verb-forming suffix}} {{n-g|Added to a [[stem]] ― often an [[onomatopoeia]] ― to form a [[verb]] expressing an [[instantaneous]] action.}}
#: {{m|hu|katt'''an'''|t=to click, to make one clicking sound}}
#: {{m|hu|robb'''an'''|t=to explode}}

=====Usage notes=====
* {{q|verb-forming suffix}} Variants:
*: '''{{l|hu|-on|id=verb}}''' is added to some back-vowel words
*: '''{{l|hu|-an|id=verb}}''' is added to back-vowel words
*: '''{{l|hu|-en|id=verb}}''' is added to front-vowel words

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|hu|pos=verb}}

===See also===
* [[Appendix:Hungarian suffixes]]

===Further reading===
* {{sense|suffix of the adverb of number}} {{R:Rounds 2001}}, p.&nbsp;189 {{nowrap|(p. 204 in the PDF)}}

{{cln|hu|terms with multiple lemma etymologies|terms with multiple morpheme etymologies}}

==Indonesian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|id|[-an]}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|id|ms|-an}}, from {{inh|id|poz-mly-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|id|poz-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|id|map-pro|*-an}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|id|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{n-g|Added to a noun}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for collectivity}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|laut|t1=sea|lautan|t2=ocean}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for place}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|pangkal|t1=origin|pangkalan|t2=base}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for value}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|ribu|t1=thousand|ribuan|t2=}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for measurement result}}; [[-s]]
##: {{suffixusex|id|kilo|t1=kilo|kiloan|t2=}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} [[-s]]; {{n-g|Suffix for quantity (about value)}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|ratus|t1=hundred|ratusan|t2=hundreds}}
## [[-ly]], specifying time intervals, having the sense of "occurring at such intervals".
##: {{suffixusex|id|hari|t1=day|harian|t2=daily}}
# {{n-g|Added to an verb to create an noun}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for object}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|makan|t1=to eat|makanan|t2=food}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for place}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|kubur|t1=to bury|kuburan|t2=grave}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for result}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|didik|t1=to educate|didikan|t2=}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for tool}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|timbang|t1=to weigh|timbangan|t2=balance}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for way or method}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|pimpin|t1=to lead|pimpinan|t2=leader}}
# {{n-g|Added to an adjective to create an noun}}
## {{n-g|Suffix for having property}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|asin|t1=salty|asinan|t2=pickle}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} {{n-g|Suffix for intensity (quality or quantity)}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|tinggi|t1=high|tinggian|t2=higher}}
# {{n-g|Suffix for similarity}}

===Etymology 2===
{{sl|id|jv|-ꦲꦤ꧀}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|id|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{n-g|verb-forming}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} to [[use]] of [base]
##: {{suffixusex|id|sepeda|t1=bicycle|sepedaan|t2=to ride a bicycle}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} to [[hold]] or to [[have]] [base]
##: {{suffixusex|id|selamat|t1=safe|selamatan|t2=to celebrate with offerings to the spirits to assure safety}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|rujak|t1=a kind of salad|rujakan|t2=to have ''rujak'' to be eaten or made}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} to [[do]] as indicated by the [base]
##: {{suffixusex|id|sendiri|t1=alone|sendirian|t2=by oneself}}
# {{n-g|noun-forming}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} the location of [base]
##: {{suffixusex|id|sekolah|t1=school|sekolahan|t2=school complex}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} the cost of [base]
##: {{suffixusex|id|becak|t1=rickshaw|becakan|t2=rickshaw fare}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} [base]-[[usage]]
##: {{suffixusex|id|sepeda|t1=bicycle|sepedaan|t2=bicycle-riding}}
## {{lb|id|colloquial}} event of [base]
##: {{suffixusex|id|selamat|t1=safe|selamatan|t2=celebration with offerings to the spirits to assure safety}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|rujak|t1=a kind of salad|rujakan|t2=''rujak'' eating or production}}
##: {{suffixusex|id|susu|t1=milk|susuan|t2=breast-feeding period}}

===Etymology 3===
{{sl|id|jv|-ꦲꦼꦤ꧀}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|id|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{lb|id|colloquial}} [[suffering]] of [base]
#: {{suffixusex|id|koreng|t1=ulcer|korengan|t2=serious infection disease}}
#: {{suffixusex|id|uban|t1=grey hair|ubanan|t2=grey haired condition}}

===Derived terms===
{{der4|id|
| ber- -an
| ke- -an
| peng- -an
| per- -an
}}
{{suffixsee|id}}

===References===
* {{cite-book|id|author=Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa|title=Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia|trans-title=Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language|url=https://acuanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/book/12/5cb467d936a24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613233214/https://acuanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/book/12/5cb467d936a24|archivedate=13 June 2022|edition=4|location=Jakarta|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|year=2017|isbn=978-979-069-263-3|accessdate=8 July 2022}}
* {{cite-book|author=James N. Sneddon|title=Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar|year=2010|publisher=Roultedge|location=London|edition=2|isbn=978-0-415-58154-7|oclc=564132877}}

{{cln|id|terms inherited from Classical Malay}}

==Malay==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ms|poz-mly-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|ms|poz-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|ms|map-pro|*-an}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ms|/an/}}
* {{rhymes|ms|an}}

===Suffix===
{{head|ms|suffix|Jawi spelling|-ان}}

# {{n-g|Suffix for collectivity}}
# {{n-g|Suffix for similarity}}
# {{n-g|Suffix for object}}
# {{n-g|Suffix for place}}
# {{n-g|Suffix for instrument}}
#: {{suffixusex|ms|bangun|t1=to wake up, to get up|bangunan|t2=building}}

==Manx==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|gv|sga|-án}}, from {{inh|gv|pgl|-ᚐᚌᚅᚔ}}.

===Suffix===
{{gv-suffix|n|m}}

# {{alt form|gv|-ane}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|gv}}

==Mokilese==

===Suffix===
{{head|mkj|suffix}}

# Used to form [[stative verb]]s from [[noun]]s

==Ojibwe==

===Final===
{{head|oj|final|cat2=verb finals|cat3=inanimate intransitive verb finals}}

# be in a state or condition

====Derived terms====
* {{l|oj|waaban}}
* {{l|oj|aawan}}

====See also====
* {{l|oj|-aa}}
* {{l|oj|-izi}}

====References====
* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/an-final

===Suffix===
{{head|oj|suffix|cat2=noun suffixes|cat3=verb suffixes|cat4=verb class markers}}

# {{non-gloss|A suffix denoting the [[plural]] of an inanimate noun}}
# {{non-gloss|A suffix denoting the obviative form of an animate noun}}
# {{non-gloss|A suffix denoting the [[second-person singular]] [[imperative]] of a transitive inanimate verb (vti)}}

====Usage notes====
As the suffix denoting the second-person singular imperative form, '''-an''' also acts as the class marker for unmarked ''(-am theme)'' transitive inanimate verbs (vti).

====See also====
* {{l|oj|-n}}
* {{l|oj|-iin}}
* {{l|oj|-oon}}
* {{l|oj|-wan}}
* {{l|oj|-yan}}

{{cln|oj|imperative verb suffixes}}

==Old English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|-an}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-aną}}.

====Suffix====
{{ang-suffix}}

# {{lb|ang|verbal suffix}} {{n-g|used to form the infinitive of most class I verbs (exceptions are verbs like {{m|ang|flēon|t=to flee}})}}
#: {{uxi|ang|[[singan|sing'''an''']]|t=to sing}}
#: {{uxi|ang|[[niman|nim'''an''']]|t=to take}}

=====Conjugation=====
{{ang-conj|-an<w1/ge:0>}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-anā}}, from {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-anē}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|ang|-ane}}

====Suffix====
{{ang-suffix}}

# {{n-g|Forms adverbs with ablative direction.}}
#: {{uxi|ang|[[eastan|ēast'''an''']]|t=from the east}}
#: {{uxi|ang|[[westan|west'''an''']]|t=from the west}}

===Etymology 3===

====Suffix====
{{ang-suffix}}

# {{n-g|Forms the accusative, genitive, and dative singular and nominative and accusative plural of n-stem nouns}}

==Old Galician-Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|roa-opt|la|-ant}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|roa-opt|suffix|1st conj.}}

# {{n-g|a suffix indicating the [[third-person plural]] [[indicative]] [[present]] of a verb in {{m|roa-opt|-ar}}}}
#: {{suffixusex|roa-opt|amar|gloss1=to love|aman|gloss2=[They] love}}
#: {{suffixusex|roa-opt|cantar|gloss1=to sing|cantan|gloss2=[They] sing}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|gl|-an}}
* {{desc|pt|-am}}

==Old Norse==

===Etymology 1===
Presumably from {{inh|non|gem-pro|*-ōniz}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|non|suffix}}

# {{lb|non|deverbative suffix}} {{n-g|Used to derive nouns from class 2 weak verbs.}}
#: {{suffixusex|non|friða|t1=to pacify|friðan|t2=pacifying}}
#: {{suffixusex|non|sanna|t1=to assert, prove|sannan|t2=assertion, confirmation}}
#: {{suffixusex|non|synja|t1=to deny|synjan|t2=denial}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|non}}
{{suffixsee|non|-un}}

===Etymology 2===
{{inh+|non|gmq-pro|-ᚨᚾᚨ}}, from {{inh|non|gem-pro|*-anē}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|non|suffix}}

# {{n-g|Forms adverbs with ablative direction.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|non|-an|id=ablative adverb}}

===Etymology 3===

====Suffix====
{{head|non|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{n-g|strong accusative singular ending of adjectives}}

==Old Saxon==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|osx|gem-pro|*-aną}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|osx|suffix}}

# {{lb|osx|verbal suffix}} {{n-g|used to form the infinitive of strong verbs (exceptions are a few verbs ending in {{m|osx|-ian}} like {{m|osx|biddian}} or {{m|osx|liggian}})}}
#: {{m|osx|drinkan|drink'''an'''|t=to drink}}
#: {{m|osx|hwerƀan|hwerƀ'''an'''|t=to travel}}

{{cln|osx|strong verbs}}

==Phalura==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|phl}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|phl|/-an/}}

===Suffix===
{{head|phl|suffix}}

# Third person plural suffix

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|phl|-íin||With e-ending verb stems}}
* {{alter|phl|-óon||With a-ending verb stems}}
* {{alter|phl|-en||Biori}}
* {{alter|phl|-éen||With e-ending verb stems in Biori}}
* {{alter|phl|-áan||With a-ending verb stems in Biori}}

===References===
* {{R:phl:Liljegren:Vocab}}

==Polish==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|pl}}

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr}}

===Suffix===
{{head|pl|suffix|g=m}}

# {{lb|pl|chemistry}} [[-ate]], {{ng|used to form names of derivates of [[oxyacid]]s whose name ends with}} {{l|pl|-owy}} {{gl|''[[-ic]]''}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|chlor|chloran|t1=chlorine|t2=chlorate}}
# {{ng|forms people}}
#: {{suffixusex|pl|młody|młodzian}}

====Declension====
Inanimate declension:
{{pl-decl-noun-m-in}}

Animate declension:
{{pl-decl-noun-m-pr}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|pl}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

==Romanian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/an/}}

===Etymology 1===
{{bor+|ro|la|-anus}}.

====Suffix====
{{ro-adj|suff=1|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{n-g|Forms adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country;}} {{l|en|-an}}
#: {{suffixusex|ro|Australia|t1=Australia|australian|t2=Australian}}
#: {{suffixusex|ro|America|t1=America|american|t2=American}}

=====Usage notes=====
For the countries that end in ''-ia'', the plural form of the suffix is ''-ieni'' when masculine and ''-iene'' when feminine/neuter.

===Etymology 2===
{{rfe|ro}}

====Suffix====
{{ro-adj|suff=1|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{n-g|Added to nouns and adjectives as an [[augmentative]] suffix.}}
#: {{suffixusex|ro|gras|t1=fat|grăsan|t2=fatso}}
# {{n-g|Forms names of male animals.}}
#: {{suffixusex|ro|gâscă|t1=goose|gâscan|t2=[[gander]]}}

=====Declension=====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|ro}}

==Scottish Gaelic==

===Etymology 1===
{{dercat|gd|pgl|cel-pro|inh=1}}
From {{inh|gd|mga}}, from {{inh|gd|sga|-án}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|gd|/-an/}}
* Note the difference with Etymology 2

====Suffix====
{{head|gd|suffix|g=m}}

# {{n-g|A masculine suffix used to form [[noun]]s meaning a smaller form of something, often used for male [[given name]]s.}}
#: {{suffixusex|gd|crùb|t1=dug|crùban|t2=crouching}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|gd}}

===Etymology 2===
Originally the {{der|gd|sga|-}} accusative and vocative plural ending of ''n''-stem nouns. For example {{noncog|sga|imbliu}}, vocative/accusative plural {{m|sga|imblenna}}. Cognate with {{cog|ga|-anna}}, {{cog|gv|-yn}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|gd|/ən/}}
* Note the difference with Etymology 1

====Suffix====
{{head|gd|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{non-gloss|Used to form [[regular]] [[nominative]]s [[plural]] of nouns.}}
#: {{suffixusex|gd|clach|t1=stone|clachan|t2=stone'''s'''}}

===References===
* {{R:gd:Mark:2003|page=641}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Etymology 1===
{{rfe|sh}}

====Suffix====
{{sh-suffix}}

# {{n-g|Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a (often negative) feature or endearment.}}

===Etymology 2===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*-ьnъ}}.

====Suffix====
{{sh-suffix}}

# {{n-g|Suffix appended to words to create an adjective.}}
#: {{suffixusex|sh|jaditi|alt1=jad(iti)|jadan|t2=miserable}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|sh}}

===See also===
{{col2|sh
|-ašan
|-ešan
}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|es|la|-ant}}, the third-person plural present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

====Suffix====
{{head|es|suffix form}}

# {{n-g|Suffix indicating the [[third-person plural]] (also used with {{m|es|ustedes}}) [[present]] [[indicative]] of {{m|es|-ar}} verbs.}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|es|la|-eant}}, {{inh|es|la|-ant}}, and {{inh|es|la|-iant}}, the third-person plural present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

====Suffix====
{{head|es|suffix form}}

# {{n-g|Suffix indicating the [[third-person plural]] (also used with {{m|es|ustedes}}) present subjunctive of {{m|es|-er}} and {{m|es|-ir}} verbs.}}
# {{n-g|Suffix indicating the third-person plural [[imperative]] of {{m|es|-er}} and {{m|es|-ir}} verbs.}}

=====See also=====
* {{l|es|-en}}

==Swedish==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|sv|non|-an}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|sv|suffix}}

# {{senseid|sv|verbal noun}} {{n-g|making a noun from a verb, similar to {{m|sv|-ing}} and {{m|sv|-ning}}, having ''-ningar'' as the plural.}}
#: {{suffixusex|sv|predika|t1=to preach|predikan|t2=a sermon}}

===Etymology 2===
Ultimately from {{der|sv|la|-anus}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|sv|suffix}}

# {{l|en|-an}}; {{n-g|making a noun, describing a person by belief or nationality}}
#: {{suffixusex|sv|Tibet|tibetan}}
#: {{suffixusex|sv|Luther|lutheran}}
#: {{m|sv|vegetarian}}

===Derived terms===
{{suffixsee|sv|id=verbal noun}}
{{suffixsee|sv}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=an|-na|na}}

==Tagalog==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|tl|-han}}
* {{alt|tl|-nan}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|tl|phi-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|tl|poz-pro|*-an}}, from {{inh|tl|map-pro|*-an}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{tl-pr}}

===Suffix===
{{tl-verb|b=+|b2=an}}

# {{n-g|object trigger}}: to do something to a person or a thing
#: {{uxi|tl|Buks'''an''' mo ang pinto.|(You) open the door}} {{q|'''door''' is focused).}}
# {{n-g|object trigger}}: to cause something to become; to make
#: {{uxi|tl|Binagal'''an''' ni Sue ang kotse.|Sue slowed down the car.}} {{q|'''The car''' is focused.}}
# {{n-g|directional trigger}}: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of
#: {{uxi|tl|Tinitingn'''an''' ko ang manwal.|I'm looking at the manual.}} {{q|'''The manual''' is focused).}}
# {{n-g|benefactive trigger}}: to do something for
#: {{uxi|tl|Titir'''han''' ko si Roy ng keyk.|I'll leave some cake for Roy.}} {{q|'''Roy''' is focused).}}
# {{n-g|object trigger}}: {{q|with root word reduplication}} to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
#: {{uxi|tl|Winawalis-'''walisan'''; ko ang sahig.|I'm sweeping the floor a bit.}} {{q|'''The floor''' is focused).}}
# {{n-g|directional trigger}}: {{q|with root word reduplication}} to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of, occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
#: {{uxi|tl|Tinutulung-'''tulungan''' ni Jessy si Patty.|Jessy helped Patty a bit.}} {{q|'''Patty''' is focused).}}
# {{n-g|object trigger}}: to perform the action of the verb on something
#: {{uxi|tl|Huwag mong sulat'''an''' ang dokumento.| Don't write anything on the document.}}

===Suffix===
{{tl-noun|b=+|b2=an}}

# {{n-g|Forms locative nouns expressing where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be found}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|aklat|t1=book|aklatan|t2=library}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|basura|t1=trash|basurahan|t2=trash can}}
# {{n-g|Forms locative nouns where the action expressed by the root is performed}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|kain|t1=eat|kainan|t2=place where people eat e.g. restaurant, café,...}}
# {{n-g|Forms nouns expressing period in which the action expressed by the root is collectively performed}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|ani|t1=harvest|anihan|t2=harvest time}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|pasok|t1=entry, class, work|pasukan|t2=school time, school year}}
# {{n-g|Forms nouns indicating a tool or an object that is used to perform what is meant by the root}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|oras|t1=time|orasan|t2=clock, watch}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|timbang|t1=weight|timbangan|t2=weighing scale}}
# {{n-g|Forms nouns signifying reciprocal or joint performance of the action expressed by the root}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|sayaw|t1=dance|sayawan|t2=dancing together}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|kanta|t1=sing|kantahan|t2=singing together}}
# {{n-g|Used to create a diminutive, pretensive, or imitative form of something}} {{qualifier|used with reduplication of root word}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|bahay|t1=house|bahay-bahayan|t2=toy house}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|Diyos|t1=God|diyos-diyosan|t2=false god}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|baril|t1=gun|baril-barilan|t2=toy gun}}

===Suffix===
{{tl-adv|b=+|b2=an}}

# {{lb|tl|appended to numbers}} {{n-g|Used to indicate groups.}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|tatlo|t1=three|tatluhan|t2=in threes, three at a time}}
#: {{suffixusex|tl|dalawampu|t1=twenty|dalawampuan|t2=in groups of twenty, twenty at a time}}

====Usage notes====
* Normally, {{IPAchar|/h/}} is inserted before ''-an'' when a root word ending with a vowel is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and {{IPAchar|/h/}} becomes {{IPAchar|/n/}}.
*: {{suffixusex|tl|ganti|gantihan<alt:ganti'''h'''an>}}
*: {{suffixusex|tl|talo|talunan<alt:talu'''n'''an>}}
* Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
*: {{suffixusex|tl|sunod|sundan}}
*: {{suffixusex|tl|takip|takpan}}
* Due to [[allophony]], {{IPAchar|/d/}} turns into {{IPAchar|/r/}} when inserted before ''-an''.
*: {{suffixusex|tl|buklod|bukluran<alt:buklu'''r'''an>}}
*: {{suffixusex|tl|bakod|bakuran<alt:baku'''r'''an>}}
*: {{suffixusex|tl|bayad|bayaran<alt:baya'''r'''an>}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|tl}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|tl|ka- -an}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|tl|a=an|na|na-}}

==Turkish==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|tr|ota|ـان|tr=-an}}, from {{inh|tr|trk-oat}}, from {{inh|tr|trk-pro|*-gan}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|tr|suffix}}

# Creates non-past participles.
#: {{suffixusex|tr|oturmak|gloss1=to sit|oturan|gloss2=(someone) who sits}}
#: {{suffixusex|tr|kırılmak|gloss1=to be broken|kırılan|gloss2=(something) that gets broken}}

==Volapük==

===Suffix===
{{head|vo|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|Used to indicate someone who is or does something}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|vo}}

==Welsh==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cy|/an/}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*-agnos}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|cy|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|diminutive suffix}}, [[-let]]
#: {{suffixusex|cy|bwyell|t1=axe|bwyellan|t2=small axe, hatchet}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|gwraig|t1=woman, wife|gwreigan|t2=little woman, little wife}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|barf|t1=beard|barfan|t2=little beard, goatee, whiskers}}
# {{non-gloss|person or object with characteristics of the root word}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|mud|t1=mute|mudan|t2=mute person}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|llai|t1=grey|lleian|t2=nun}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|crwm|t1=crooked, curved|cryman|t2=sickle, pruning hook}}
# {{non-gloss|used to form pet names}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|Gwen|Gwennan}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|Dai|Deian}}
#: {{suffixusex|cy|Elisabeth|Bethan}}

===Etymology 2===

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|cy|-ian}}

====Suffix====
{{head|cy|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|verbnoun suffix}}

===Etymology 3===

====Suffix====
{{head|cy|suffix}}

# {{lb|cy|colloquial}} {{n-g|verb suffix for the [[third person|third-person]] [[future]] [[plural]]}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|cy}}

===References===
{{R:cy:GPC}}