View source for Appendix:Etruscan word list

The '''[[w:Etruscan language|Etruscan]] word list''' below is largely from Bonfante (2002).<ref>Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2002). ''The Etruscan Language: an Introduction''. Manchester: University of Manchester Press. {{ISBN|0-7190-5540-7}}.</ref>

(''Note'': <c> and <e> are printed very similarly in the original text, so doublecheck <c> and <e> below.)

==List==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Etruscan !! Meaning
|-
| ac- (acnanasa) || make, offer, work
|-
| acale (aclus) || June
|-
| acazrce, acasce || made
|-
| acil || work, thing made; it is necessary
|-
| afer, afr || parents, ancestors<ref>Van Der Meer,  Bouke "The Lead Plaque of Magliano," in: ''Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino''. Milano 2013 (Quaderni di Acme 134) pp. 323-341 (327)</ref>
|-
| ais, eis || god (aisar, eisar = gods)
|-
| aisine || sacrifice (Umbrian esono)
|-
| aisiu, aisna, eisna || divine, of the gods
|-
| al- || give, offer (alpan)
|-
| alpan, alpnu || gift, offering; gladly (Latin libens, Greek chaire)
|-
| alphaze || offering, probably specifically of barley-meal
|-
| alumnathe || loc., place [of congregation?]
|-
| alumnathuras || group of alumna disciples (of Bacchus and Catha?): thur, coll.
|-
| am- || to be
|-
| ampiles || May
|-
| an (ana, ane, anc, ancn, ananc) || he, she, this, that, rel. pronoun
|-
| apa || father
|-
| apana || related to the father, paternal
|-
| aper || funerary sacrifice? (Latin parentare)
|-
| aprinthvale || priest? (apa?)
|-
| Arnth || proper name (inasc.)
|-
| ar- || make, carry out<ref>Van Der Meer,  Bouke "The Lead Plaque of Magliano," in: ''Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino''. Milano 2013 (Quaderni di Acme 134) pp. 323-341 (327)</ref>
|-
| ars- || push away ?
|-
| aska || name of vase (Greek askos)
|-
| aterś, aturs, atrs, atrus || descendant
|-
| athre || building (Latin atrium?)
|-
| athumi || nobility?
|-
| ati || mother
|-
| ativu || dear mother
|-
| ati nacna || grandmother
|-
| avil || year
|-
| Avile, Avle, Aule || Aulus
|-
| -c || and (enclitic) (Latin -que)
|-
| ca, ta, cen, cn, eca, ek, tn, itun (emphatic) || this (cehen, etc.)
|-
| Cae, Cai || Caius, Gaius
|-
|cal || dog? <ref>Bouke Van Der Meer "Some comments on the Tabula Capuana", in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p. 163 </ref> cf. Umbrian katel- 'dog, puppy'
|-
| calthi, celthi, clthi || here, in this place (locative)
|-
| camthi || name of magistracy
|-
| cana, kana, kanna || gift (agalma), or image, work of art? ([[gloss#Noun_2|gloss]]: Hesychius II.I541, chana: kosmesis ‘adornment’)
|-
| canth-, canthce || to be, can? acted as a camth(i)
|-
| cape, capi || vase, container
|-
| capra || urn, container
|-
| *capre || April
|-
| *capu || falcon (Greek kapys)
|-
| car-, cer- || make, build
|-
| cecha || ceremony (right, law): zilch
|-
| cechancri || title (zilch iure dicundo) (or: Latin supra, ‘older’, ‘above’)
|-
| cechase || name of magistracy
|-
| cehen || this one here
|-
| ceithurna || ?
|-
| cel || earth, land
|-
| celtinei || region
|-
| cela || room (Latin cella)
|-
| celi || September
|-
| celti, cel(tinci) || on the land, locative (cel)
|-
| celu || priestly title
|-
| cen- || make, place
|-
| cenu || pass. with ablative of agent (Agostiniani)
|-
| cerichunce, cerchunce || made (see cerine sacred place, building?)
|-
| ces- || to place, be placed, lie
|-
| cezp || eight?
|-
| cezpalch || eighty?
|-
| cezpz || eight times?
|-
| ci || three
|-
| cialch-, cealch- || thirty
|-
| cilth || people, nation; fortress, citadel
|-
| ciz || three times
|-
| clan, clenar || (plural) son
|-
| clanti, clanthi || adoptive(?) son
|-
| clautiethurasi || family of the Claudii
|-
| cletram || basin, basket, cart for offerings (Umbrian kletra)
|-
| cleva || offering
|-
| Clevsin- || Chiusi
|-
| Cneve || Cnaeus
|-
| crapsti || name or epithet of divinity (Umbrian Grabovius?)
|-
| creal || magistracy?
|-
| creice || Greek
|-
| culichna, chulichna || vase, ‘little kylix’ (Greek kylix)
|-
| culseva || doors, gates
|-
| cupe || cup (Greek kúpe?; Latin cupa)
|-
| cver || gift, offering (Colonna = alpan)
|-
| cvil || gift, offering; Thana-cvil, ‘gift of Thana’
|-
| chim, chia || pronoun
|-
| *Chosfer || October (gloss)
|-
| chulichna || see culichna
|-
| eleiva || oil
|-
| eleivana || of oil: aska eleivana (Greek elaion)
|-
| eliun || of oil?
|-
| enac, enach || then, afterwards
|-
| enaś || genitive of an/in
|-
| epi, pi, pul || in, to, up to, until
|-
| eprus || ? (noun)
|-
| ermius || August
|-
| etera, eteri || foreigner; client (peregrinus, metoikos)
|-
| eth, et || thus, in this way (adverb)
|-
| etnam || and, also, again, thus
|-
| *falatu (gloss, falado) || sky
|-
| fan- || to consecrate?
|-
| fanu || verb, passive, with ablative of agent (Agostiniani)
|-
| farthan, farthn- || generate; deity
|-
| faśe, faśei || bread? (Umbrian farsiu?), or oil?
|-
| faśle || oil <ref>Beckwith, Miles (2008) "Review of L.B. van der Meer, Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis," Rasenna: Journal of the Center for Etruscan Studies: Vol. 1: Iss. 1, Article 4. p. 4. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=rasenna</ref>
|-
| favi || grave, temple vault (Latin fauissa?)
|-
| fler || offering, sacrifice
|-
| fler-, flerthrce || to offer, sacrifice, satisfy
|-
| flerchva || ceremony, sacrifice
|-
| flere || divinity, god
|-
| flereś || statue
|-
| frontac || interpreter of lightning; see trutnuth (Greek bronte?)
|-
| Fufluna, Pupluna || Populonia (Latin populus? cf. Fufluns, ‘city of Dionysos’)
|-
| *fulum || ?
|-
| fulumchva || full of, provided with fulum
|-
| hanipaluscle || for (or against?) Hannibal
|-
| halch- || vase <ref>Bouke Van Der Meer "Some comments on the Tabula Capuana", in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p. 166 </ref>
|-
| hath || to be favourable (hathrthi = be favourable)
|-
| hec-, hech- || put, place, add
|-
| hel, hels || own, proper
|-
| heramaśva, herme, herma, hermeri, hermaier || statue? (Greek Hermes, herm?)
|-
| Hercle || Herakles, Hercules
|-
| *hermi- (gloss, Ermius) || August
|-
| hermu || Hermes?
|-
| hinth, hinthi, hinthia || below
|-
| hinthial || soul, ghost, of the Underworld (genitive of hinthi)
|-
| hus-, husiur, husur || (plural) children (Latin liberi)
|-
| husrnana || epithet of Maris, ‘The Youthful, Young’
|-
| huth || six (four?)
|-
| huthz || six times (four?)
|-
| huzrnatre, *husurnatra || college of youths (Latin iuuentus)
|-
| ic, ich, ichnac || as
|-
| ilu- || verb of offering or prayer
|-
| ipa || relative pronoun, which, where
|-
| ipe ipa || whoever, whatever
|-
| *ister || actor (gloss: Latin histrio)
|-
| *itu- || (gloss: itus or ituare) to divide?
|-
| kana, kanna || gift (see cana)
|-
| laive || left
|-
| Larce || proper name (masc.)
|-
| L(a)ris, Larth || Lars, proper name
|-
| larnas || vase (Greek larnax)
|-
| Larthi, Larthia || proper name (feminine)
|-
| lauch-, luc- || to rule, be in charge
|-
| lauchum(e) || king (Latin lucumo)
|-
| lauchumna || ‘belonging to a lucumo’, of a palace
|-
| lautni || ‘of the family’, freedman
|-
| lautnitha, lautnita || freedwoman
|-
| lautun, lautn || family, gens
|-
| *lechtum || name of vase (Greek lekythos)
|-
| lechtumuza || little lekythos (diminutive)
|-
| lein- || to die?
|-
| Lepr(i)na || epithet of Culsu
|-
| leu || lion
|-
| luc- || see lauch-
|-
| lucair || to act as lauchum
|-
| lucumo || to rule
|-
| lucairce || to be rex sacrorum
|-
| lup-, lupu || to die
|-
| luth || stone? temple?
|-
| mach || five
|-
| macstrev || name of magistracy
|-
| macstrna || proper name (Latin magister?)
|-
| mal- || to look, watch, guard, oversee
|-
| malena, malana, malstria || mirror
|-
| Mamarce, Mamerce || Mamercus; cf. Oscan Mamers, ‘Mars’
|-
| man, mani || the dead (Latin Manes)
|-
| manin- || to offer to the Manes?
|-
| Marce || Marcus (Latin maro?; Umbrian maron-)
|-
| masan, masn || name of month: December
|-
| math || honey, honeyed wine (from Indo-European: Greek methu, English mead)
|-
| mech || people, league, district
|-
| melicraticce || honey and wine
|-
| men- || make, offer (menache)
|-
| methlum || district, people, nation, territory
|-
| methlumth, methlumt || methlum, locative
|-
| mlach, mlac || beautiful
|-
| mlamna || ?
|-
| mlusna || one who sacrifices, dedicates
|-
| mnathuras || ?
|-
| mul- || to offer, dedicate as an ex-voto
|-
| mun-, muni || underground place, tomb
|-
| mur- || stay, reside (murce)
|-
| *mutuka || thyme
|-
| namphe, hamphe || right
|-
| naper || surface measure
|-
| neftś, nefś, nefiś || nephew, grandson (Latin nepos)
|-
| nesna || belonging to the dead?
|-
| nethśrac || haruspicina
|-
| netśvis || haruspex
|-
| nun-, nunth || bring, involve, offer
|-
| nuna || offering?
|-
| nurph- || nine?
|-
| nurphzi || nine times?
|-
| nuthanatur || group who does nuth
|-
| pachathur || Bacchante, maenad (Pacha)
|-
| pachic-, pachana || Bacchic (Pacha)
|-
| pacusnaśic || Bacchic, Dionysiac (Pacha)
|-
| panalos || ?
|-
| papa || grandfather
|-
| papals, papacs || of the grandfather: grandson
|-
| parnich || magistracy or priesthood
|-
| Partuna || proper name
|-
| patna || name of vase (Greek patane, Latin patina?)
|-
| pava || boy, youth (proto-Greek *pawo- > Gk. pais 'child')
|-
| penthuna, penthna || cippus, stone?
|-
| Perse || Perseus
|-
| pes || land? (pes spante)
|-
| pi || for (enclitic); pen, pul, epl, prepositions
|-
| prinisera || ?
|-
| pruch, pruchum || jug (Greek prochous)
|-
| prumathś, prumts || great-grandson
|-
| psl || ?
|-
| puia || wife
|-
| Pule, Pules || proper name (masculine)
|-
| Pulena || proper name
|-
| pulumchva || stars?
|-
| Pupluna || see Fufluna
|-
| purth, purthne, purtśvana || name of magistrate or magistracy: dictator?
|-
| put-, puth- || vase, pot, vessel, well? (Greek potos, Latin puteus, puteal?), diminutive putnza, putlimza
|-
| Phersu || mask, masked person, actor (Latin persona)
|-
| qutun, qutum || name of vase (Greek kothon)
|-
| Ramutha, Ramtha || proper name (feminine)
|-
| ranvis || ? (ranu = vase: Devoto)
|-
| rasna || people; Etruscan, of Etruria (Rasenna)
|-
| ratum, ratm || according to law, ritual (rite?); also?
|-
| Ravnthu || proper name (feminine)
|-
| repinthi || bend, incline?
|-
| restm, *rastum || land (cultivated?)
|-
| ril || at the age of ... (years) (Latin natus)
|-
| rumach || Roman
|-
| ruthcva? || ?
|-
| ruva || brother
|-
| sa- || self <ref>K. Wylin, "Un morfema agentivo etrusco", in ''AGI'' 89, 2004, pp. 111-125</ref><ref>van der Meer, B. "The Lead Plaque of Magliano" in: ''Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino''. Milano 2013 (Quaderni di Acme 134) p. 335</ref>
|-
| sac- || carrying out a sacred act
|-
| sacni || holy, consecrated, sacnicla
|-
| sacnicleri, accusative plural || sanctuary
|-
| sal- || make, carry out: salt, salth
|-
| san- || deceased?
|-
| sanisva || bones?
|-
| sarsnach || tenth
|-
| sarsnau || group of ten (decuria)
|-
| sath-, śat- || put, establish, be put?
|-
| sc-, scu-, scune || give, place, offer; or leave, dismiss
|-
| śealch || forty
|-
| sec, sech || daughter
|-
| sel- || ?
|-
| semph || seven?
|-
| semphalch || seventy?
|-
| Sethra || proper name (feminine)
|-
| Sethre || proper name (masculine)
|-
| snenath || maid, companion, ancilla (feminine)
|-
| span-, spanti- || dish; plain, fields
|-
| sparza || ? (diminutive)
|-
| spurana, spureni || in the territory of (having to do with) the city
|-
| Spuria || Spuria, proper name
|-
| Spurie || Spurius, proper name
|-
| sren || ornament, figure, image
|-
| srencve || decorated with figures?
|-
| sul || liquid used in sacrifices (Pfiffig)
|-
| suntheruza || little container?
|-
| *suplu || flutist (Latin subulo)
|-
| śuth-, sut- || to stay, place?
|-
| śuthi || seat, tomb
|-
| śuthina || having to do with the grave, sepulchral gift
|-
| suthiu || is placed
|-
| suthiusve || property?
|-
| suthivenas || ?
|-
| sval- || alive; to live
|-
| sve || likewise
|-
| sveleri || living creature?
|-
| ta, tal, tl, tei || this
|-
| talitha || girl
|-
| tamera || name of magistracy
|-
| tarchianes || ?
|-
| Tarchnalthi || at Tarquinia (locative)
|-
| Tarchun || Tarchon
|-
| Tarsminaś || Trasimenc (lake)
|-
| te- (tece) || to place, put
|-
| ten-, tn-, -ta || to act as magistrate
|-
| tenatha || ?
|-
| tenthur || ?
|-
| teras || prodigy? (Greek teras?)
|-
| tes-, tesam- || to care for
|-
| tesinth || caretaker
|-
| teta || grandmother
|-
| tevarath || on-looker, judge at the games, umpire (tev)
|-
| tin- || day: Tina, Tin, Tinia = Jupiter, Zeus, god of daylight
|-
| Tire || Titus
|-
| tiu, tivr, tiur || moon, month (tius, genitive?)
|-
| tmia || place, sacred building, temple?
|-
| -tnam || see etnam
|-
| *traneus || month, July
|-
| trin- || to plead, supplicate, speak
|-
| *triumpe || triumph (Greek thriambos)
|-
| Truia || Troy?
|-
| Truials || Trojan
|-
| truth, trut || libation, sacred action
|-
| truthur || omens, or type of priest<ref>Bouke Van Der Meer "Some comments on the Tabula Capuana", in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p. 137</ref>
|-
| trutnuth, trutnvt || priest (fulguriator)
|-
| tul || stone
|-
| tular, tularu || boundaries (plural of tul)
|-
| tur- || to give
|-
| turza || offering
|-
| tus || funerary niche
|-
| tusurthir || married couples (‘in the double urn’?)
|-
| tuthi, tuti- || community, state (Umbrian tota?)
|-
| tuthin, tuthina- || of the state, public
|-
| tham-, them- || to build, found (thamuce, themiase)
|-
| Thanachvil, Thancvil || Tanaquil (Thana + cvil, ‘gift of Thana’)
|-
| thapna, thafna || vase (for offerings?)
|-
| thar || there
|-
| thaurch || funerary
|-
| thaure, thaura || tomb
|-
| Thefarie || Tiberius
|-
| thesan || morning, dawn
|-
| thevru || bull (Latin taurus)
|-
| thez- || to make an offering
|-
| thi noun || water
|-
| thi pronoun, -thi, locative, suffix || of offering, e.g. Unialthi
|-
| thina || vase, crater (Latin tina, Greek dinos; or, more likely, from thi 'water')
|-
| thra || milk? (or thras = drank?)
|-
| thu || one
|-
| thucte || name of month (August?)
|-
| thui || here, now
|-
| thuni || at first
|-
| thunina || the first
|-
| thunur || one at a time
|-
| thunśna || first
|-
| thunz || once
|-
| -thur || belonging to the group (suffix)
|-
| thutuithi || in the middle of the people, (for) the state
|-
| ulpaia || vase for wine (Greek olpe)
|-
| un, une (dative), unu (plural) || you
|-
| urthan, urthanike || to make, cause to be
|-
| us-, useti || scoop, ladle, draw (water)
|-
| usil || sun (Sabine ausel)
|-
| uslane || at noon (usil)
|-
| ut- (utuse) || carry out, perform, give
|-
| vacal, vacil, vacl || libation?
|-
| val || look, see
|-
| Varchti || locative of Varch (vacal)
|-
| varchti cerine || sacred place
|-
| Vel || proper name (masculine)
|-
| Velathri || Volterra
|-
| *velcitna (Velcitanus) || March
|-
| Velthur || proper name (masculine)
|-
| Velzna- || Volsinii
|-
| vers- || fire (or ladle?)
|-
| Vipiiennas || Vibenna
|-
| vina || vineyard
|-
| vinum, vinm || wine (Latin uinum)
|-
| zacinat || ?
|-
| zamachi, zamth || gold?
|-
| zar (śa) || four
|-
| zathrum || twenty (Latin bini)
|-
| zeri || rite, legal action?
|-
| zic-, zich- || to write, incise
|-
| zic, zich || book, writing, document, inscription
|-
| zichu || writer, scribe
|-
| zil- || to rule, to hold office
|-
| zilach, zilath, zilc || a magistrate (Latin praetor)
|-
| zinace || made
|-
| zinaku || was made
|-
| ziva || the dead, deceased < "having lived"
|-
| zusle || sacrifice, specifically boar or pig(let)? <ref>Bouke Van Der Meer "Some comments on the Tabula Capuana", in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p. 163 </ref>

|}

==Selected vocabulary==
===Cities===
Names of cities:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Modern Italian !! Etruscan !! Latin
|-
| Arezzo || Aret- (?) || Arrētium
|-
| Bologna || Felsina || Bonōnia
|-
| Bolsena (Orvieto?) || Velzna- || Volsiniī
|-
| Capua || Capua, Capeva || Capua
|-
| Cerveteri (Caere Vetus, ‘ancient Caere’) || Chaire, Chaisric, Cisra || Caere, then Caere Vetus (Greek Agylla)
|-
| Cesena || Ceisna || Caesēna
|-
| Chiusi || Clevsin || Clusium, Camars
|-
| Cortona || Curtun || Cortōna
|-
| Fiesole || Vi(p)sul || Faesulae
|-
| Ischia || Inarime (?) || Pitecusa (Greek Pithekoussai)
|-
| Magliano || Hepa (?) || Heba
|-
| Mantova, Mantua || Manthva || Mantua
|-
| Marzabotto||Kainua<ref>Govi, Elisabetta (2023). ''Kainua (Marzabotto)''. Austin: University of Texas Press. {{ISBN|9781477326626}}.</ref>
||
|-
| Modena || Mutina || Mutina
|-
| Perugia || Per(u)sna || Perusia
|-
| (Poggio Buco) || Statna (?) || Statōnia
|-
| Populonia || Pupluna, Fufluna || Populōnia
|-
| Ravenna || Rav(e)na (?) || Ravenna
|-
| Rimini || Arimna || Ariminum
|-
| Roma || Ruma || Rōma
|-
| Siena || Saena (?), Sena || Saena
|-
| Sovana || Sveama-, Suana || Suana
|-
| Sutri || Sutliri || Sutrium
|-
| Tarquinia || Tarch(u)na || Tarquiniī
|-
| Talamone || Tlamu || Telamōn
|-
| Todi || (tular) || Tuder
|-
| Tuscania || Tusc(a)na || Tuscana
|-
| Veio, Veii || Veia || Veiī
|-
| Vetulonia || Vatluna, Vetluna || Vetulōnia
|-
| Viterbo? || Sur(i)na || Surriīna
|-
| Volterra || Velathri || Volaterrae
|-
| Vulci || Velch, Velc(a)l- || Vulcī
|}

===Months===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Month !! Etruscan
|-
| January || ?
|-
| February || ?
|-
| March || Velcitanus (*velcitna)
|-
| April || Cabreas (*capre); Apresa
|-
| May || Ampiles or Amphiles
|-
| June- || Aclus (acale)
|-
| July || ?
|-
| August || Ermius
|-
| September || Caelius or Celius (celi)
|-
| October || Chosfer
|-
| November || Capeni ?
|-
| December || ?
|}

===Kinship===
{| class="wikitable"
! Meaning !! Etruscan
|-
| father || apa
|-
| mother || ati
|-
| son || clan
|-
| daughter || sech
|-
| wife || puia
|-
| brother || ruva
|-
| parents, ancestors || afer<ref>Van Der Meer,  Bouke "The Lead Plaque of Magliano," in: ''Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino''. Milano 2013 (Quaderni di Acme 134) pp. 323-341 (327)</ref>
|}

===Religion===
{| class="wikitable"
! Meaning !! Etruscan
|-
| Zeus, Jupiter || Tina, Tinia
|-
| king || lucumō
|-
| god, divine || ais, eis, aisar (plural)
|}

===Numerals===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Numeral !! English !! Etruscan
|-
| 1 || one || thu
|-
| 2 || two || zal
|-
| 3 || three || ci
|-
| 4 || four (or 6?) || śa
|-
| 5 || five || mach
|-
| 6 || six (or 4?) || huth
|-
| 10 || ten || śar
|-
| 20 || twenty || zathrum
|-
| 30 || thirty || cialch
|-
| 50 || fifty || muvalch
|}

==See also==
*[[Appendix:Etruscan Swadesh list]]
*[[w:it:Lingua etrusca#Vocabolario|Etruscan word list in Italian]] from Marchesini (2009: 132-135)<ref>Marchesini, Simona. 2009. ''Le lingue frammentarie dell'Italia antica''. Milan: Hoepli. 236pp.</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{North Eurasian lists}}
[[Category:Etruscan language]]
[[Category:Basic word lists by language]]