View source for case

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "case"}}
==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/keɪs/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-case.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|eɪs|s=1}}
* {{hyphenation|en|case}}

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*ḱh₂d-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|cas}}, from {{der|en|fro|cas|t=an event}}, from {{der|en|la|cāsus|t=a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case}}, perfect passive participle of {{m|la|cadō|t=to fall, to drop}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# An actual [[event]], [[situation]], or [[fact]].
#: {{ux|en|For a change, in this '''case''', he was telling the truth.}}
#: {{ux|en|It is not the '''case''' that every unfamiliar phrase is an idiom.}}
#: {{ux|en|In '''case''' of fire, break glass. [sign on fire extinguisher holder in public space]}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-07-20|volume=408|issue=8845|magazine=w:The Economist
|title=[http://www.economist.com/news/http://www.economist.com/news/business/21582001-army-new-online-courses-scaring-wits-out-traditional-universities-can-they The attack of the MOOCs]
|passage=Since the launch early last year of&nbsp;[&hellip;] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some '''cases''' over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.}}
# {{lb|en|now|rare}} A given [[condition]] or [[state]].
#* {{RQ:Warner Albions England|chapter=XXXVI|page=174|passage=Thus vvhilſt he hopt he hild her leaſt, ſo altereth the '''cace''' / VVith ſuch as ſhe, Ah ſuch it is to build on ſuch a face.}}
#* {{RQ:Spenser Faerie Queene|III|10|text=Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull '''cace'''.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1726|author=Nathan Bailey; John Worlidge|title=Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum|passage=Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good '''case''' and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.}}
# A piece of [[work]], specifically defined within a [[profession]]; the set of tasks involved in addressing the situation of a specific person or event.
#: {{ux|en|It was one of the detective's easiest '''cases'''.&emsp; Social workers should work on a maximum of forty active '''cases'''.&emsp; The doctor told us of an interesting '''case''' he had treated that morning.}}
#* {{RQ:Churchill Celebrity|chapter=2|passage=We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a '''case'''. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1927|author=[http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL2416183A F. E. Penny]|chapter=4|title=[http://openlibrary.org/works/OL16814587W Pulling the Strings]|passage=The '''case''' was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff. These properties were known to have belonged to a toddy drawer. He had disappeared.}}
# {{lb|en|academia}} An instance or event as a topic of study.
#: {{ux|en|The teaching consists of theory lessons and '''case''' studies.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=2012|month=March-April|author=John T. Jost
|volume=100|issue=2|page=162|magazine=w:American Scientist
|title=[http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/social-justice-is-it-in-our-nature-and-our-future Social Justice: Is It in Our Nature (and Our Future)?]
|passage=He draws eclectically on studies of baboons, descriptive anthropological accounts of hunter-gatherer societies and, in a few '''cases''', the fossil record.}}
# {{senseid|en|law}}{{lb|en|legal}} A legal proceeding; a [[lawsuit]] or [[prosecution]].
#* {{RQ:Orczy Miss Elliott|chapter=The Tremarn Case|passage=“Two or three months more went by ; the public were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this semi-exotic claimant to an English peerage, and sensations, surpassing those of the Tichbourne '''case''', were looked forward to with palpitating interest. {{...}}”}}
# {{senseid|en|Q128234}}{{lb|en|grammar}} A specific [[inflection]] of a word (particularly a noun, pronoun, or adjective) depending on its [[function]] in the [[sentence]].
#: {{ux|en|The accusative '''case''' canonically indicates a direct object.&emsp; Latin has six '''cases''', and remnants of a seventh.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1988|author=Andrew Radford|title=Transformational grammar: a first course|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=292|chapter=6
|passage=Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned ''Nominative'' '''case''', as we see from:<br>(16) (a) &emsp; I know [that ''they''/*''them''/*''their'' leave for Hawaii tomorrow]<br><span style="color:white;">(16)</span> (b) &emsp; I demand [that ''they''/*''them''/*''their'' leave for Hawaii tomorrow]<br>By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned ''Objective'' '''case''', as we see from:<br>(17) &emsp; I want [''them''/*''they''/*''their'' to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]<br>And the Subject of a ''gerund'' Clause is assigned either ''Objective'' or ''Genitive'' '''case''': cf.<br> (18) &emsp; I don't like the idea of [''them''/''their''/*''they'' leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]}}
# {{lb|en|grammar|uncountable}} [[grammatical case|Grammatical cases]] and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific [[language]].
#: {{ux|en|Jane has been studying '''case''' in Caucasian languages.&emsp; Latin is a language that employs '''case'''.}}
# {{senseid|en|instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms}} {{lb|en|medicine}} An instance of a specific [[condition]] or set of [[symptom]]s.
#: {{ant|en|noncase}}
#: {{hypo|en|index case}}
#: {{cot|en|patient#Noun}}
#: {{ux|en|There were another five '''cases''' reported overnight.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2013|author=Gillian Russell; Delia Graff Fara|title=Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language|page=144
|passage=We turn next to the puzzle of borderlineness: If Harry is intermediate between clear '''cases''' and clear noncases of baldness, “Is Harry bald?” seems to have no good, direct, answer.}}
# {{lb|en|programming}} A section of [[code]] representing one of the [[action]]s of a [[conditional]] [[switch]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2004|author=Rick Miller|title=C++ for Artists|passage=Place a break statement at the end of every '''case''' to prevent case fall-through.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2011|author=Stephen Prata|title=C++ Primer Plus|page=275|passage=Execution does not automatically stop at the next '''case'''.}}
# {{lb|en|archaic}} A [[love affair]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1867|title=The Young Ladies' Journal|page=467
|passage=Poor fellow, just as I thought! It's a '''case''' with him, anybody can see that. He is thinking about Christine, for a certainty. Lovers always take to stargazing and moonlight dreaming — it's part of their complaint.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1876|title=The New York Drama|volume=1-2|page=1
|passage=I thought it only an amourette when you told me. It was a fire — a conflagration; subdue it. I saw it was a '''case''', and I advised you to try — dissipation.}}

=====Usage notes=====
In medicine, in precise and respectful usage, a case is not a patient and a patient is not a case, whereas a patient has a case. In [[Appendix:Glossary#loosely|loose]] usage, however, the words are often treated as synonymous.

=====Synonyms=====
{{col2
|en|befall
|grammatical case
}}

=====Hyponyms=====
* [[court case]]
* See also [[Thesaurus:grammatical case]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en|case presentation|privative case|flight case|gone case|casal|casefic|case file|caseless|caselike|caseman|casewise|casework|caseworker|countercase|daycase
|intercase|intracase|lexicase|megacase|multicase|noncase|subcase
|be the case
|case study
|Case|caseback|casebook
|best-case
|hard case
|hard cases make bad law
|in case
|just in case
|make a case
|put case
|worst-case
|caseload
|as the case may be|case closed|case dependent|case grammar|case in point|case law|case of the Mondays|case report|case reporter|charity case|federal case|get off someone's case|get on someone's case|I rest my case|index case|make a case for|make a federal case out of something|make the case for|not the case|on a case-by-case basis|on the case|press one's case|rest one's case|sad case|smear case|special case|test case|textbook case|tough case|whatever the case may be|worse-case|worst case scenario|worst-case scenario|base case|build a case|case citation|case ending|case fatality rate|case history|case-in-chief|catch a case|cold case|edge case|Frankfurt case|Gettier case|leading case|limit case|long case|mental case|nutcase|open and shut case|put the case|reserved case|space case|stretcher case|trespass on the case|use case}}
<!--for grammatical cases see [[Thesaurus:grammatical case]]-->

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|sv|case|g=n|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|actual event, situation, or fact}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|قَضِيَّة|f}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|ваҡиға}}, {{t|ba|осраҡ}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|спра́ва|f}}, {{t|be|вы́падак|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|ক্রিয়া}}, {{t+|bn|ক্ষেত্র}}, {{t|bn|ক্রিয়াক্ষেত্র}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|де́ло|n}}, {{t+|bg|слу́чай|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cas|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|事件|tr=shìjiàn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|případ|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|tilfælde|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|geval|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|afero}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tapaus}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cas|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|caso|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|შემთხვევა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Fall|m}}, {{t+|de|Sache|f}}, {{t+|de|Beispiel|n}}, {{t+|de|Punkt|m}}, {{t+|de|Argument|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|περίπτωση|f}}, {{t+|el|περίσταση|f}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|ka}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מקרה|m|tr=mikré}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|eset}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|caso|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|例|tr=れい, rei}}, {{t+|ja|事例|tr=じれい, jirei}}, {{t+|ja|場合|tr=ばあい, baai}}, {{t+|ja|事件|tr=じけん, jiken}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|사건(事件)}}, {{t+|ko|경우(境遇)}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|kavzo|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|случај|m}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|хэрэг}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|tilfelle|n}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|przypadek|m-in}}, {{t+|pl|wypadek|m-in}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caso|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|caz|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|де́ло|n}}, {{t+|ru|слу́чай|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|слу̏ча̄ј|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|slȕčāj|m}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|prípad|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|primer|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|caso|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|fall|n}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|спра́ва|f}}, {{t|uk|ви́падок|m}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|trường hợp}} ({{t|vi|場合}})
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|achos|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|piece of work}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|عُلْبَة|f}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|спра́ва|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tapaus}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cas|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Fall|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υπόθεση|f}}, {{t+|el|περιστατικό|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|caso|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caso|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|де́ло|n}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|prípad|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|primer|m}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|спра́ва|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|academia: instance or event as a topic of study}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|حَالَات|p}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դեպք}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|осраҡ}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|вы́падак|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|слу́чай|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cas|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|事件|tr=shìjiàn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|případ|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|geval|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|kazo}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tapaus}}, {{t+|fi|case}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cas|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|caso|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|საქმე}}
* German: {{t+|de|Fall|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|περίπτωση|f}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|ka}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מקרה|m|tr=miqre}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|eset}}
* Icelandic: {{t-needed|is}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|cás|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|caso|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|事件|tr=じけん, jiken}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ករណី}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|경우(境遇)}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|cāsus|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|случај|m}}
* Malagasy: {{t+|mg|tranga}}, {{t+|mg|zava-nitranga}}
* Mirandese: {{t|mwl|causo|m}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|хэрэг}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|cas|m}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|مورد|tr=mowred}}, {{t+|fa|کیس|tr=keys}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|wypadek|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caso|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|слу́чай|m}}, {{t+|ru|кейс|m}} {{qualifier|colloquial or business, neologism}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|слу̏ча̄ј|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|slȕčāj|m}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|prípad|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|primer|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|caso|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|kesi|9/10}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|fall|n}}, {{t+|sv|case|n}}
* Thai: {{t-needed|th}}
* Turkish: {{t-needed|tr}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ви́падок|m}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|trường hợp}} ({{t|vi|場合}})
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|achos|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|law: lawsuit}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|دَعْوَى|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դատական գործ}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|дело|n}}, {{t+|bg|процес|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|causa|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|案件|tr=ànjiàn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|případ|m}}, {{t|cs|kauza|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|rechtszaak|f|m}}, {{t+|nl|proces|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|afero}}, {{t|eo|juĝafero}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|oikeustapaus}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cause|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|საქმე}}, {{t|ka|კაზუსი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Fall|m}}, {{t+|de|Prozess|m}}, {{t|de|Rechtssache|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υπόθεση|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|תיק|m|tr=tik}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|ügy}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|cás|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|causa|f}}, {{t+|it|caso|m}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|causa|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|судско дело|n}}, {{t|mk|случај|n}}, {{t|mk|процес|n}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|kes}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|хэрэг}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|cause|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|postępowanie|n}}, {{t+|pl|sprawa|f}}, {{t+|pl|proces|m-in}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caso|m}}, {{t+|pt|causa|f}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|суде́бное де́ло|n}}, {{t+|ru|проце́сс|m}}, {{t+|ru|де́ло|n}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|слу̏ча̄ј|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|slȕčāj|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|primer|m}}, {{t|sl|zadeva|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|causa|f}}, {{t+|es|pleito|m}}, {{t+|es|argumento|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|kesi|9/10}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|fall|n}}
* Tagalog: {{qualifier|literally}} {{t|tl|kaso}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|vụ kiện}} ({{t|vi|[[務]][[件]]}})
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|grammar: grammatical case|grammatical case}}

{{trans-top|medicine: instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms}}
* Arabic: {{t-needed|ar}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|kazo}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tapaus}}
* French: {{t+|fr|cas|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Fall|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κρούσμα|n}}, {{t+|el|περιστατικό|n}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|tilfelli|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|caso|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|症例|tr=shōrei}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caso|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|слу́чай|m}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|prípad|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|primer|m}}
* Thai: {{t-needed|th}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|trường hợp}} ({{t|vi|場合}}), {{t+|vi|ca}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|achos|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|programming: section of code}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|okazfrazo}}, {{t|eo|okazo ordona}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Georgian: {{t+check|ka|ბრუნვა}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete|intransitive}} To [[propose]] [[hypothetical]] cases.
#* {{RQ:L'Estrange Fables of Aesop|passage='''Casing''' upon the Matter.}}

====See also====
* [[Appendix:Grammatical cases]]

====References====
* {{sense|love affair}} {{cite-text|en|year=1873|author=John Camden Hotten|title=The Slang Dictionary}}
* {{pedia}}

===Etymology 2===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*keh₂p-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|case}}, from {{der|en|fro-nor|casse}}, (compare {{cog|fro|chasse||box, chest, case}}), from {{der|en|la|capsa|t=box, bookcase}}, from {{m|la|capiō|t=to take, seize, hold}}. {{doublet|en|cash|chase|chasse}}. Compare {{cog|es|caja}}, {{cog|ast|caxa}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{senseid|en|box}} A [[box]] that contains or can contain a number of [[identical]] items of manufacture.
# A box, sheath, or covering generally.
#: {{ux|en|a '''case''' for spectacles; the '''case''' of a watch}}
# A piece of [[luggage]] that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a [[sewing machine]].
# An enclosing frame or casing.
#: {{ux|en|a door '''case'''; a window '''case'''}}
# A [[suitcase]].
# A piece of [[furniture]], constructed partially of [[transparent]] glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
# The outer [[covering]] or [[framework]] of a piece of apparatus such as a [[computer]].
# {{lb|en|printing|historical}} A shallow [[tray]] divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding [[type]], traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, [[quadrat]]s, and spaces).
# {{lb|en|typography|by extension}} The nature of a piece of [[alphabetic]] type, whether a “capital” ([[upper case]]) or “small” ([[lower case]]) letter.
# {{lb|en|poker slang}} [[four of a kind|Four of a kind]].
# {{lb|en|US}} A [[unit]] of [[liquid]] [[measure]] used to measure sales in the [[beverage]] industry, equivalent to 192 [[fluid ounce]]s.
# {{lb|en|mining}} A small fissure which admits [[water]] into the workings.<ref>{{R:Knight AMD}}</ref>
# A thin [[layer]] of [[hard]]er [[metal]] on the [[surface]] of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
# A [[cardboard]] box that holds (usually 24) [[beer]] [[bottle]]s or [[can]]s.
#: {{syn|en|carton}}
#: {{ux|en|a single '''case''' of {{w|Bud Light}}}}
# {{lb|en|UK|slang|obsolete}} A [[counterfeit]] [[crown]] {{gl|five-shilling coin}}.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1859|title=Snowden's magistrates assistant|page=90
|passage=The price of a '''case''' (five shillings piece bad) from the smasher is about one shilling; an alderman (two and sixpence) about sixpence; a peg (shilling) about threepence; a downer or sprat (sixpence) about twopence.}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en|title=Terms derived from ''case'' (noun, etymology 2)|capcase|cardcase|casal|casebearer|casebearing|casebound|caseful|caseharden|casekeeper|caseless|caselike|casemaker|casemaking|caseworm|chaincase|clockcase|discase|doorcase|downcase|encase|flightcase|headcase|incase|longcase|meatcase|needlecase|notecase|pillowcase|pincase|pipecase|podcase|sadcase|seedcase|showcase|slipcase|toolcase|topcase|traycase|titlecase|traycase|typecase|unicase|uppercase|watchcase|wingcase
|attaché case
|briefcase
|camel case
|casing
|case harden
|charging case
|crankcase|day case
|letter case
|lower case
|packing case
|sentence case
|staircase|spectacle case
|suitcase
|title case
|upper case|dispatch case|gear case|bookcase|braincase
|alternating case|burial case|business case|chain case|cigarette case|closet case|corner case|display case|dressing case|egg case|jewel case|paper case|pencil case|pillow case|trophy case|slip case|road case|Pascal case|patty case|pencase|trotter case|uniform case|vanity case|Wardian case|basket case|case fan|case folding|case fraction|case head|cicada case|kebab case|snake case|spore case|tall-case clock|traps case|case badge|case hardened|case hardening|case-shot|case clock|case knife|case insensitive|case sensitive}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|box containing a number of identical items of manufacture}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|عُلَب|p}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|արկղ}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|скры́ня|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|сандъ́к|m}}, {{t|bg|кашон|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|caixa|f}}, {{t+|ca|capsa|f}}
* Chamicuro: {{t|ccc|kaja}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|箱|tr=xiāng}}, {{t+|cmn|箱子|tr=xiāngzi}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|bedna|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|kasse|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|kist|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pakkaus}}
* French: {{t+|fr|caisse|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|caixa|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kiste|f}}, {{t+|de|Behälter|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κιβώτιο|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|θήκη|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|láda}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cassetta|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|箱|tr=はこ, hako}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|상자}}
* Latin: {{t|la|capsa|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|сандак|m}}, {{t|mk|гајба|f}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|kiste|f|m}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|قوطی|tr=kutu, kutı}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|skrzynia|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caixa|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|ladă|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|я́щик|m}}, {{t+|ru|коро́бка|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|са̀ндук|m}}, {{t|sh|га̑јба|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|sànduk|m}}, {{t+|sh|gȃjba|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|debna|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|gajba|f}}, {{t|sl|zaboj|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|caja|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|lår|c}}, {{t+|sv|låda|c}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|скри́ня|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|sheath, covering}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|кутия|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|hylster|?}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|hulsel|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|ingo}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kotelo}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|estoxo|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Hülle|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|θήκη|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κέλυφος|n}}, {{t|grc|θήκη|f}}, {{t|grc|ἔλυτρον|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tok}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|etuyo}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|rivestimento|m}}, {{t+|it|copertura|f}}
* Norwegian: {{t|no|hylster|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|футля́р|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|puzdro|n}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|hölje|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|արկղ}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|калъф|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|caixa|f}}, {{t+|ca|maleta|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|pouzdro|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|tas|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laukku}}, {{t+|fi|kotelo}}
* French: {{t+|fr|écrin|m}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|funda|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Koffer|m}}, {{t+|de|Kasten|m}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|etuyo}}, {{t+|io|kofro}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|baule|m}}, {{t+|it|cassa|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|ку́тија|f}}, {{t|mk|ку́фер|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caixa|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|я́щик|m}}, {{t+|ru|кофр|m}}, {{t+|ru|кейс|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|puzdro|n}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|kovček|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|caja|f}}, {{t+|es|maleta|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|box|c}}, {{t+|sv|låda|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|suitcase}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ճամպրուկ}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|куфэрак|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|куфар|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|maleta|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|手提箱|tr=shǒutíxiāng}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|valies|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|laukku}}, {{t+|fi|matkalaukku}}
* French: {{t+|fr|malle|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Koffer|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|βαλίτσα|f}}, {{t+|el|αποσκευές|f-p}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מזוודה|f}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kofro}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|valigia|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|旅行鞄|tr=りょこうかばん, ryokou kaban}}, {{t+|ja|スーツケース|tr=sūtsukēsu}}, {{t+|ja|ケース|tr=kēsu}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|чанта|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|maleta|f}}, {{t+|pt|mala|f}}, {{t+|pt|valise|f}}, {{t|pt|valisa|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|чемода́н|m}}, {{t+|ru|кейс|m}}, {{t+|ru|диплома́т|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|ко̀фер|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|kòfer|m}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|kufor|m-in}}, {{t|sk|kufrík|m-in}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|kovček|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|maleta|f}}, {{t+|es|valija|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|resväska|c}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|rương}}, {{t+|vi|hòm}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|витри́на|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|vitrina|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|vitrina|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|vitrine|f}}, {{t+|nl|uitstalraam|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|vitrino}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vitriini}}
* French: {{t+|fr|vitrine|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Vitrine|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|βιτρίνα|f}}, {{t+|el|προθήκη|f}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|vetrino}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|vetrinetta|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|витри́на|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|vitrine|f}}, {{t+|pt|mostruário|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|витри́на|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|vitrína|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|vitrina|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|vitrina|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|vitrinskåp|n}}, {{t+|sv|monter|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|պատյան}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|кожух|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|caixa|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|盒子|tr=hézi}}, {{t+|cmn|匣子|tr=xiázi}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|omhulsel|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kotelo}}, {{t+|fi|kuori}}
* French: {{t+|fr|carter|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Gehäuse|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πλαίσιο|n}}, {{t+|el|περίβλημα|n}}, {{t+|el|κάσα|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|ház}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|intelaiatura|f}}, {{t+|it|custodia|f}}, {{t+|it|contenitore|m}}, {{t+|it|cabinet|m}}, {{t+|it|involucro|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|箱|tr=はこ, hako}}, {{t+|ja|筐体|tr=きょうたい, kyoutai}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caixa|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ко́жух|m}}, {{t+|ru|футля́р|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|ку̏ћӣште|n}}
*: Roman: {{t|sh|kȕćīšte|n}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|skrinka|f}}, {{t+|sk|skriňa|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|ohišje|n}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|caja|f}}, {{t+|es|carcasa|f}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|apparathölje|n}}, {{t+|sv|hölje|n}}, {{t+|sv|hus|n}}, {{t+|sv|kåpa|c}}, {{t+|sv|huv|c}}, {{t+|sv|skal|n}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|hộp}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(printing, historical) a shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դուրճ}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|набо́рная ка́сса|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|caja|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|typography: the nature of a piece of alphabetic type}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|դուրճ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|caixa|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|kast|f}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|uskleco}}, {{t+|eo|usklo}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|aakkoslaji}}, {{t|fi|aakkoskoko}}, {{t|fi|kirjainkoko}}
* French: {{t+|fr|casse|f}}
* German: {{t|de|Schriftkasten|m}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tohupū}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|caixa|f}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|[[наборный|набо́рная]] [[ка́сса]]|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|caja|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|pack of (24) bottles or cans}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|flak|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Arabic: {{t-check|ar|عُلْبَة|f}}
* Georgian: {{t-check|ka|ბუდე}}
* Turkish: {{t+check|tr|sandık}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Adjective====
{{en-adj|-}}

# {{lb|en|poker slang}} The last remaining card of a particular rank.
#: {{ux|en|He drew the '''case''' eight!}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2006|author=David Apostolico|title=Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour|page=21
|passage=If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the '''case''' ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.}}

=====References=====
* Weisenberg, Michael (2000) ''[http://www.poker1.com/mcu/pokerdictionary/mculib_dictionary_info.asp The Official Dictionary of Poker].'' MGI/Mike Caro University. {{ISBN|978-1880069523}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a [[box]], as in preparation for [[shipment]].
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
#* {{RQ:Prescott Philip 2|passage=The man who, '''cased''' in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|informal}} To [[survey]] (a building or other location) [[surreptitious]]ly, as in preparation for a robbery.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1977|author=w:Michael Innes|title=The Gay Phoenix|isbn=9780396074427|pageurl=http://books.google.ca/books?ei=UEiQTI_wJc35nAfqjdi0DA&ct=result&id=AcvyAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22case+the+joint%22+subject%3A%22fiction%22&q=%22case+the+joint%22#search_anchor|page=116
|passage=You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to '''case''' the joint for a break in.}}
#* '''2014''', {{w|Amy Goodman}}, ''From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2)'', Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, [http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2014/1/8/from_cointelpro_to_snowden_the_fbi 0:49 to 0:57]:
#*: Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped '''case''' the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.

=====Derived terms=====
{{der2|en|casing nail|casing shoe|case the deck|case the joint|recase|uncase|case out|case up}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to place into a box}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|опаковам}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|empaquetar}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pakata}}
* German: {{t+|de|einpacken}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|cásáil}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|encaixotar}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|упаковывать|impf}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|empaquetar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to survey surreptitiously}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tutkia}}
* German: {{t+|de|ausbaldowern}} {{qualifier|slang}}, {{t+|de|auskundschaften}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|felderít}}, {{t|hu|körülkémlel}}, {{t+|hu|szemrevételez}}, {{t|hu|[[terepszemle|terepszemlét]] [[tart]]}}, {{t+|hu|felmér}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|[[estudiar]] [[el]] [[terreno]]}}, {{t+|es|fichar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====References====
<references/>
* Weisenberg, Michael (2000) ''[http://www.poker1.com/mcu/pokerdictionary/mculib_dictionary_info.asp The Official Dictionary of Poker].'' MGI/Mike Caro University. {{ISBN|978-1880069523}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:OneLook}}
* {{R:Britannica Dictionary}}
* {{R:Macmillan Collocations}}
* {{R:Cambridge Collocations}}
* {{R:Ozdic}}
* {{R:WordReference Collocations}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aces|ACEs|ASCE|Aces|Ceas|ESCA|SCEA|aces|aesc|esca|æsc}}

{{C|en|Containers|Units of measure}}

==Afar==

===Pronunciation===
* {{aa-IPA|casé}}

===Verb===
{{aa-verb|f=casamcasé|p=cassiimé}}

# {{lb|aa|transitive}} [[wave]] at
# {{lb|aa|transitive}} [[strike]], [[hit]]

====Conjugation====
{{aa-conj/II|c|a|s|á}}

===References===
* {{R:aa:Parker:1985|+}}
* {{R:aa:Hassan Kamil:2015|page=263}}

==Asturian==

===Verb===
{{head|ast|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|ast|casar||1//3|s|pres|subj}}

==Chinese==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|zh|畸士|K士}}

===Etymology===
From {{bor|yue|en|case}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|c=kei1 si2
|cat=n
}}

===Noun===
{{head|zh|noun}} {{lb|zh|Hong Kong Cantonese}}

# [[#English|case]] {{gl|container; box}} {{zh-mw|c:個}}
# [[#English|case]] {{gl|situation}} {{zh-mw|c:個}}
# [[#English|case]] {{gl|piece of work}} {{zh-mw|c:個}}
# [[#English|case]] {{gl|piece of work}} {{q|when associated with a file detailing the case, e.g. applications or reports}} {{zh-mw|c:隻}}
# the person or client associated with such case {{zh-mw|c:隻}}
# [[#English|case]] {{gl|legal proceeding}} {{zh-mw|c:單|c:隻}}
#* {{quote-av|zh|year=1991|title=w:Fight Back to School}}
#*: {{zh-x|嘩{waa3}haai2，搞 緊 咩 大 c{k}a{ei1}se{i2} 呀？|Huh! What sort of big case are they [the police] working on?|C}}<!--subtitles:嘩，搞緊咩大Case呀？-->

==French==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|fr|la|casa}}, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a {{semantic loan|fr|es|casa|nocap=1}}. {{doublet|fr|chez}}, which was inherited.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA|câse}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-case.wav}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-case.wav|a=Canada}}
* {{homophones|fr|cases}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|f}}

# {{lb|fr|archaic|rare|or|regional}} [[hut]], [[cabin]], [[shack]]
# [[box]] {{q|on form}}
# [[square]] {{q|on board game}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|avoir une case en moins}}
* {{l|fr|case départ}}
* {{l|fr|case à cocher}}
* {{l|fr|manquer une case}}
* {{l|fr|retour à la case départ}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ht-sdm|caze}}
** {{desc|ht|kay}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|fr|a=aces|à sec}}

==Galician==

===Etymology 1===
Attested since the 15th century ({{m|gl||quasy}}), inherited from {{inh|gl|la|quasi|t=as if}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|gl|caixe}}

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|gl|[ˈkɑsɪ]}}

====Adverb====
{{gl-adv}}

# [[almost]]

====References====
* {{R:gl:CX|quasy}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}

===Etymology 2===

====Verb====
{{head|gl|verb form}}

# {{gl-verb form of|casar}}

==Italian==

===Pronunciation===
{{it-pr|càse,#cà[s]e}}

===Noun===
{{head|it|noun form|g=f}}

# {{plural of|it|casa}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aces|asce|esca|seca}}

==Lower Sorbian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|dsb|/ˈt͡sasɛ/|[ˈt͡sasə]}}

===Noun===
{{head|dsb|noun form}}

# {{inflection of|dsb|cas||nom//acc|p}}

==Middle Dutch==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|dum|odt|*kāsi}}, from late {{der|dum|gmw-pro|*kāsī}}, borrowed from {{der|dum|la|cāseus}}.

===Noun===
{{dum-noun|head=câse|m|g2=n}}

# [[cheese]]

====Inflection====
{{rfinfl|dum|noun}}

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|dum|kese||eastern}}{{attention|dum|diacritics?}}

====Descendants====
* {{desctree|nl|kaas}}
* {{desc|li|kieës|kees}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:VMNW|ID52042}}
* {{R:MNW|20776|I}}

{{topics|dum|Foods}}

==Middle English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|enm|caas|casse}} 

===Etymology===
From {{bor|enm|xno|casse}}, from {{bor|enm|fro|chasse}}, from {{der|enm|la|capsa}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|enm|/ˈkaːs(ə)/|/ˈkas(ə)/}} 

===Noun===
{{enm-noun}}
 
# [[box]], [[chest]], [[casket]], [[case]].

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|case}}
* {{desc|yol|kaase}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=cā̆se|pos=n.(1)|id=MED6890}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Etymology===
{{bor|nb|en|case}}, from {{der|nb|la|casus|cāsus}}. {{doublet|nb|kasus}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nb|/kɛɪ̯s/|/kæɪ̯s/}}

===Noun===
{{head|nb|noun|g=m|g2=n|definite singular|casen|or|caset|indefinite plural|caser|definite plural|casene}}

# a [[case study]]; a {{l|en|case}} as used in a case study

===References===
* {{R:BD}}
* {{R:NAOB|case_2}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology===
{{bor|nn|en|case}}, from {{der|nn|la|casus|cāsus}}. {{doublet|nn|kasus}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nn|/kɛɪ̯s/|/kæɪ̯s/}} {{nn-pronu-note|s}}

===Noun===
{{nn-noun-multi|m1|n1}}

# a [[case study]]; a {{l|en|case}} as used in a case study
#: {{syn|nn|døme|eksempel}}

===References===
* {{R:ND}}

==Old French==

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|m}}

# {{lb|fro|grammar}} {{l|en|case}}

==Portuguese==

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{hyph|pt|ca|se}}
* {{rhymes|pt|azi|azɨ|s=2}}

===Verb===
{{head|pt|verb form}}

# {{pt-verb form of|casar}}

==Romanian==

===Noun===
{{head|ro|noun form}}

# {{inflection of|ro|casă||p|;|gen//dat|s}}

==Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Verb===
{{head|es|verb form}}

# {{es-verb form of|casar}}

==Swedish==
{{wikipedia|lang=sv|casemetodik}}

===Etymology===
{{bor+|sv|en|case}}, from {{der|sv|la|cāsus}}. {{doublet|sv|kasus}}.

===Noun===
{{sv-noun|n}}<!--The nominative declension is "caset, case, casen", but is the genitive "ett case" or "ett cases"?-->

# {{lb|sv|countable}} a {{l|en|case}} {{gloss|instance or event as a topic of study}}
#: {{syn|sv|fall}}

====Declension====
{{sv-infl-noun-n-n}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|sv|casemetodik}}

===References===
* {{R:svenska.se|so}}

==Venetan==

===Noun===
{{head|vec|noun form}}

# {{plural of|vec|casa}}