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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{der|la|ine-pro|*gru-|}}, an {{onomatopoeic|la|title=imitative}} root, similar to {{cog|en|grudge}}, {{m|en|grunt}}.<ref>{{R:es:Roberts:2014}}, p. 783</ref>
{{rfe|lang=la|Onomatopoeic? Or from an onomatopoeic noun meaning ‘a grunt’? Or from something else?}}


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA|grunniō}}
* {{a|Classical}} {{IPA|/ˈɡrun.ni.oː/|lang=la}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{la-verb|grunniō|grunnīre|grunnīvī|grunnitum|conj=4}}
{{la-verb|4++.nopass|grunniō}}


# I {{l|en|grunt}} (like a pig)
# to {{l|en|grunt}} (like a pig)


====Inflection====
====Conjugation====
{{la-conj-4th|grunn|grunnīv|grunnīt}}
{{la-conj|4++.nopass|grunniō}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
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====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* Aromanian: {{l|rup|gurnjescu}}, {{l|rup|gurnjiri}}
* {{desc|rup|gurnjescu|gurnjiri}}
* Old French: {{l|fro|gronir}}
* {{desc|gl|gruñir}}
* Portuguese: {{l|pt|grunhir}}
* {{desc|it|grugnire}}
* {{desc|fro|grognir|gronir|groindre|groignier|grondre|grondir}}
⚫
* Spanish: {{l|es|gruñir}}
** {{desc|frm|groigner}}
*** {{desc|fr|grogner}}
*** {{desc|nrf|grounre}} {{q|from "grondre"}}, {{l|nrf|grognier}} {{q|from "groignier"}}
* {{desc|oc|rondir}}, {{desc|oc|rondinar|nolb=1}}
** {{desc|ca|rondinar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|grunhir}}
⚫
* {{desc|es|gruñir}}


===References===
[[fr:grunnio]]
* {{R:L&S}}
[[mg:grunnio]]
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
[[nl:grunnio]]
* {{R:Gaffiot}}
[[pt:grunnio]]
<References/>
[[ru:grunnio]]

{{C|la|Animal sounds}}

Latest revision as of 12:09, 24 September 2024

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *gru-, an imitative root, similar to English grudge, grunt.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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grunniō (present infinitive grunnīre, perfect active grunnīvī or grunniī, supine grunnītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

  1. to grunt (like a pig)

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of grunniō (fourth conjugation, active only)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present grunniō grunnīs grunnit grunnīmus grunnītis grunniunt
imperfect grunniēbam grunniēbās grunniēbat grunniēbāmus grunniēbātis grunniēbant
future grunniam grunniēs grunniet grunniēmus grunniētis grunnient
perfect grunnīvī,
grunniī 		grunnīvistī,
grunniistī 		grunnīvit,
grunniit 		grunnīvimus,
grunniimus 		grunnīvistis,
grunniistis 		grunnīvērunt,
grunnīvēre,
grunniērunt,
grunniēre
pluperfect grunnīveram,
grunnieram 		grunnīverās,
grunnierās 		grunnīverat,
grunnierat 		grunnīverāmus,
grunnierāmus 		grunnīverātis,
grunnierātis 		grunnīverant,
grunnierant
future perfect grunnīverō,
grunnierō 		grunnīveris,
grunnieris 		grunnīverit,
grunnierit 		grunnīverimus,
grunnierimus 		grunnīveritis,
grunnieritis 		grunnīverint,
grunnierint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present grunniam grunniās grunniat grunniāmus grunniātis grunniant
imperfect grunnīrem grunnīrēs grunnīret grunnīrēmus grunnīrētis grunnīrent
perfect grunnīverim,
grunnierim 		grunnīverīs,
grunnierīs 		grunnīverit,
grunnierit 		grunnīverīmus,
grunnierīmus 		grunnīverītis,
grunnierītis 		grunnīverint,
grunnierint
pluperfect grunnīvissem,
grunniissem 		grunnīvissēs,
grunniissēs 		grunnīvisset,
grunniisset 		grunnīvissēmus,
grunniissēmus 		grunnīvissētis,
grunniissētis 		grunnīvissent,
grunniissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — grunnī — — grunnīte —
future — grunnītō grunnītō — grunnītōte grunniuntō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives grunnīre grunnīvisse,
grunniisse 		grunnītūrum esse — — —
participles grunniēns — grunnītūrus — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
grunniendī grunniendō grunniendum grunniendō grunnītum grunnītū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  • “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • grunnio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  1. ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, p. 783
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