geld: difference between revisions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Browse history interactively
← Go to previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
 
(38 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɛld/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɛld/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-geld.wav|Audio (Southern England)}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-geld.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛld|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛld|s=1}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʰeldʰ-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|geld}} and reinforced by {{cog|ML.|geldum}}, both from {{inh|en|ang|geld}}, {{m|ang|ġield||payment, tribute}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*geld}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*geldą||reward, gift, money}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰeldʰ-||to pay}}. Probably reinforced by {{m|en|gelt}} (which see), see {{cog|nb|gjeld||debt}}. {{m|en||Geld}} is also written {{m|en|gelt}} or {{m|en|gild}}, and as such found in {{m|en|wergild}}, {{m|en|Danegeld}}, etc.
From {{inh|en|enm|geld}} and reinforced by {{cog|ML.|geldum}}, both from {{inh|en|ang|geld}}, {{m|ang|ġield||payment, tribute}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*geld}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*geldą||reward, gift, money}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰeldʰ-||to pay}}. Probably reinforced by {{m|en|gelt}} (which see), see {{cog|nb|gjeld||debt}}, {{cog|da|gæld||debt}}. {{m|en||Geld}} is also written {{m|en|gelt}} or {{m|en|gild}}, and as such found in {{m|en|wergild}}, {{m|en|Danegeld}}, etc.


{{rel-top|Cognates}}
{{rel-top|Cognates}}
Line 16: Line 17:
{{en-noun|~}}
{{en-noun|~}}


# {{lb|en|chiefly|archaic|or|historical}} [[money|Money]].
# {{lb|en|chiefly|archaic|dialectal|or|historical}} [[money|Money]].
## {{lb|en|historical}} In particular, (money paid as) a [[medieval]] form of land tax.
## {{lb|en|Northern England}} A [[payment]].
## {{lb|en|historical}} In particular, (money paid as) a [[medieval]] form of land [[tax]].

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|historical}} To [[tax]] geld.


=====Related terms=====
=====Related terms=====
Line 29: Line 36:
=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|money}}
{{trans-see|money}}
{{trans-top|medieval land tax}}
* Latin: {{t|la|geldum|n}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|gield|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|gelden}}, from {{der|en|non|gelda|t=to geld, castrate}}, from {{m|non|geldr|t=yielding no milk, dry}}, cognate with {{cog|goh|galt}}.<ref name = "OED">{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|geld}}</ref> Cognate with {{cog|got|𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰||sickle}}.<ref>{{R:Webster 1913|geld}}</ref> Compare the archaic {{cog|de|Gelze||castrated swine}} and {{m|de|gelzen||castrate}}, {{cog|da|galt||castrated boar}} (from {{cog|non|gǫltr||boar, hog}}, cognate with {{cog|en|gilt}}) and {{m|en|gilde||to geld}}. "[[gelding]]" derives from {{cog|non|geldingr}}.<ref name = "OED" />
From {{inh|en|enm|gelden}}, from {{der|en|non|gelda|t=to geld, castrate}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*galdijaną|t=to castrate}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰel-|t=to cut}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|434}}</ref><ref name = "OED">{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|geld}}</ref>
Cognate with {{cog|non|geldr|t=yielding no milk, dry}}, {{cog|de|galt}}, {{m|de|gelt|t=not giving milk, barren}}, {{cog|got|𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰|t=sickle}}.<ref>{{R:Webster 1913|geld}}</ref> Compare the archaic {{cog|de|Gelze|t=castrated swine}} and {{m|de|gelzen|t=to castrate}}, {{cog|da|galt|t=castrated boar}} (from {{cog|non|gǫltr|t=boar, hog}}, cognate with {{cog|en|gilt}} and {{m|en|gilde|t=to geld}}. "[[gelding]]" derives from {{cog|non|geldingr}}.<ref name = "OED" />


====Verb====
====Verb====
Line 37: Line 50:


# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[castrate]] a [[male]] (usually an [[animal]]).
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[castrate]] a [[male]] (usually an [[animal]]).
#* {{quote-book|en|1922|{{w|Virginia Woolf}}|{{w|Jacob's Room}}|edition=Vintage Classics, paperback|page=16-17|passage="Poor old Topaz," said Mrs Flanders, as he stretched himself out in the sun, and she smiled, thinking how she had had him '''gelded''', and how she did not like red hair in men.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1922|author=w:Virginia Woolf|title=w:Jacob's Room|edition=Vintage Classics, paperback|page=16–17|passage="Poor old Topaz," said Mrs Flanders, as he stretched himself out in the sun, and she smiled, thinking how she had had him '''gelded''', and how she did not like red hair in men.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|figurative}} To [[deprive]] of anything [[essential]]; to [[weaken]].
# {{lb|en|transitive|figurative}} To [[deprive]] of anything [[essential]]; to [[weaken]].


=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-see|castrate}}
{{trans-see|remove the testicles of a person or animal|castrate}}

{{trans-top|castrate}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|يُخصي}}
* German: {{t+|de|kastrieren}}, {{t+|de|verschneiden}}
* Norwegian :{{t+|nb|gjelde}}
{{trans-bottom}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 57: Line 64:
<references/>
<references/>


===Anagrams===
----
* {{anagrams|en|a=degl|gled}}

{{c|en|Female animals}}


==Afrikaans==
==Afrikaans==
Line 63: Line 73:
===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{root|af|ine-pro|*gʰeldʰ-}}
{{root|af|ine-pro|*gʰeldʰ-}}
From {{inh|af|nl|geld||money}}, from {{inh|nl|dum|gelt}}, from {{inh|af|odt|geld}}, from {{inh|af|gem-pro|*geldą}}, cognate with {{cog|de|Geld||money}}, {{cog|non|gjald||payment}}, {{cog|got|𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳||tribute}}.
From {{inh|af|nl|geld||money}}, from {{inh|af|dum|gelt}}, from {{inh|af|odt|geld}}, from {{inh|af|gem-pro|*geldą}}, cognate with {{cog|de|Geld||money}}, {{cog|non|gjald||payment}}, {{cog|got|𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳||tribute}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|af|/χɛlt/}}
* {{IPA|af|/χɛlt/}}
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-geld.wav}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{af-noun|geld}}
{{af-noun|e}}


# {{lb|af|uncountable}} {{l|en|money}}
# [[money]]
# {{lb|af|uncountable}} {{l|en|cash}}, {{l|en|currency}}
#: {{syn|af|kontant}}
# {{l|en|tariff}}, {{l|en|compensation}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|af|geldboete}}
* {{l|af|geldeenheid}}
* {{l|af|geldstuk}}
* {{l|af|papgeld}}
* {{l|af|sakgeld}}
* {{l|af|spaargeld}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
Line 77: Line 99:
* {{desc|ve|tshelede|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ve|tshelede|bor=1}}


{{C|af|Money}}
----


==Dutch==
==Dutch==


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɣɛlt/|[xɛlt]|qual2=Northern Dutch|[ɣɛlt]|qual3=Southern Dutch}}
* {{IPA|nl|/ɣɛlt/|[xɛlt]|q2=Northern Dutch|[ɣɛlt]|q3=Southern Dutch}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-geld.ogg|audio}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-geld.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|geld}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|geld}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɛlt|s=1}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɛlt|s=1}}
Line 98: Line 120:


=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|nl
{{der4|nl|baar geld|belastinggeld|bibbergeld|bloedgeld|briefgeld|bruggegeld|chartaal geld|drinkgeld|geldaanbod|geldauto|geldautomaat|geldelijk|geldbedrag|geldboete|geldbron|geldbuidel|geldezel|geldgebrek|geldgewin|geldgroei|geldhandel|geldhoeveelheid|geldillusie|geldkraan|geldneutraliteit|geldschepping|geldschieten|geldsnoeier|geldsom|geldsoort|geldstraf|geldstroom|geldstuk|geldtransport|geldvoorraad|geldwaarde|geldwagen|geldwolf|geldzaak|gevarengeld|goed geld|giraal geld|handgeld|kasgeld|lidgeld|losgeld|monopolygeld|muntgeld|ontgelden|papiergeld|overheidsgeld|reisgeld|slecht geld|speelgeld|staangeld|stageld|vergelden|wachtgeld|weergeld|wisselgeld|zakgeld|zwart geld|zwijggeld}}
|baar geld
|belastinggeld
|bibbergeld
|bloedgeld
|briefgeld
|bruggegeld
|chartaal geld
|drinkgeld
|eieren voor zijn geld kiezen
|geldaanbod
|geldauto
|geldautomaat
|geldelijk
|geldbedrag
|geldboete
|geldbron
|geldbuidel
|geldezel
|geldgebrek
|geldgewin
|geldgroei
|geldeenheid
|geldhandel
|geldhoeveelheid
|geldillusie
|geldkraan
|geldneutraliteit
|geldschepping
|geldschieten
|geldsnoeier
|geldsom
|geldsoort
|geldstraf
|geldstroom
|geldstuk
|geldtransport
|geldvoorraad
|geldwaarde
|geldwagen
|geldwolf
|geldzaak
|gevarengeld
|goed geld
|giraal geld
|handgeld
|kasgeld
|lidgeld
|losgeld
|monopolygeld
|muntgeld
|ontgelden
|papiergeld
|overheidsgeld
|reisgeld
|slecht geld
|speelgeld
|staangeld
|stageld
|vakantiegeld
|vergelden
|wachtgeld
|weergeld
|wisselgeld
|zakgeld
|zwart geld
|zwijggeld
}}


=====Descendants=====
=====Descendants=====
* {{desctree|af|geld}}
* {{desctree|af|geld}}
* {{desc|gmw-jdt|[[xjäält]], [[xält]]}}
* {{desc|gmw-jdt|xjäält|xält}}
* {{desc|dcr|[[geld]], [[gelt]]}}
* {{desc|dcr|geld|gelt}}
* {{desc|skw|galti}}
* {{desc|skw|galti}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|nl|dum|gelde}}, probably borrowed from {{der|nl|non|geldr|t=barren, yielding no milk}}, from {{der|nl|gem-pro|*galdaz}}, {{m|gem-pro|*galdijaz|t=barren, unfruitful}}. The ultimate origin is uncertain; possibly from {{der|nl|ine-pro|*gʰel-||to cut}}<ref>{{R:American_Heritage_Dictionary|geld}}</ref>, or from {{m|ine-pro|*gʰel-|t=to shout, cry}}.<ref>{{R:nl:Etymologiebank|geld2}}</ref>
From {{inh|nl|dum|gelde}}, probably borrowed from {{der|nl|non|geldr|t=barren, yielding no milk}}, from {{der|nl|gem-pro|*galdaz}}, {{m|gem-pro|*galdijaz|t=barren, unfruitful}}. The ultimate origin is uncertain; possibly from {{der|nl|ine-pro|*gʰel-||to cut}},<ref>{{R:American_Heritage_Dictionary|geld}}</ref> or from {{m|ine-pro|*gʰel-|t=to shout, cry}}.<ref>{{R:nl:Etymologiebank|geld2}}</ref>


====Adjective====
====Adjective====
Line 116: Line 205:
# {{lb|nl|obsolete|of fish}} [[male]]
# {{lb|nl|obsolete|of fish}} [[male]]


=====Inflection=====
=====Declension=====
{{nl-decl-adj||-}}
{{nl-decl-adj||-}}


=====Alternative forms=====
=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|nl|gelt}} {{q|obsolete}}
* {{alt|nl|gelt||obsolete}}


=====Descendants=====
=====Descendants=====
Line 131: Line 220:
{{head|nl|verb form}}
{{head|nl|verb form}}


# {{nl-verb form of|p=1|n=sg|t=pres|m=ind|gelden}}
# {{infl of|nl|gelden||bare-verb}}
# {{nl-verb form of|m=imp|gelden}}


===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:nl:Money]]
{{C|nl|Money}}

----


==Icelandic==
==Icelandic==


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{is-verb form}}
{{head|is|verb form}}


# {{verb form of|is|gjalda||1s|pres|ind}}
# {{verb form of|is|gjalda||1s|pres|ind}}


==Old English==
----

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|ġeld}}

===Noun===
{{ang-noun|n|head=ġeld}}

# {{alt form|ang|ġield}}

====Declension====
{{ang-decl-noun-a-n|ġeld}}


==Scots==
==Scots==

Latest revision as of 21:22, 4 November 2024

See also: Geld and geldt

English

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle English geld and reinforced by Medieval Latin geldum, both from Old English geld, ġield (“payment, tribute”), from Proto-West Germanic *geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Probably reinforced by gelt (which see), see Norwegian Bokmål gjeld (“debt”), Danish gæld (“debt”). Geld is also written gelt or gild, and as such found in wergild, Danegeld, etc.

Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian jild (“money”), Saterland Frisian Jield, Jäild (“money”), Dutch geld (“money”), German Geld (“money”), Old Norse gjald (“payment”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (gild, “tribute”). Also related to English yield.

Noun

[edit]

geld (countable and uncountable, plural gelds)

  1. (chiefly archaic, dialectal or historical) Money.
    1. (Northern England) A payment.
    2. (historical) In particular, (money paid as) a medieval form of land tax.

Verb

[edit]

geld (third-person singular simple present gelds, present participle gelding, simple past and past participle gelded)

  1. (historical) To tax geld.
[edit]
Translations
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle English gelden, from Old Norse gelda (“to geld, castrate”), from Proto-Germanic *galdijaną (“to castrate”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”).[1][2]

Cognate with Old Norse geldr (“yielding no milk, dry”), German galt, gelt (“not giving milk, barren”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰 (gilþa, “sickle”).[3] Compare the archaic German Gelze (“castrated swine”) and gelzen (“to castrate”), Danish galt (“castrated boar”) (from Old Norse gǫltr (“boar, hog”), cognate with English gilt and gilde (“to geld”). "gelding" derives from Old Norse geldingr.[2]

Verb

[edit]

geld (third-person singular simple present gelds, present participle gelding, simple past and past participle gelded or gelt)

  1. (transitive) To castrate a male (usually an animal).
    • 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, paperback edition, pages 16–17:
      "Poor old Topaz," said Mrs Flanders, as he stretched himself out in the sun, and she smiled, thinking how she had had him gelded, and how she did not like red hair in men.
  2. (transitive, figurative) To deprive of anything essential; to weaken.
Translations
[edit]

Noun

[edit]

geld (plural gelds)

  1. A female animal, such as a ewe or cow, that is not pregnant.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “434”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 434
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “geld”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  3. ^ “geld”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

[edit]

Afrikaans

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Dutch geld (“money”), from Middle Dutch gelt, from Old Dutch geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą, cognate with German Geld (“money”), Old Norse gjald (“payment”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (gild, “tribute”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

geld (plural gelde)

  1. (uncountable) money
  2. (uncountable) cash, currency
    Synonym: kontant
  3. tariff, compensation

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Sotho: tjhelete
  • → Venda: tshelede

Dutch

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ɣɛlt/, (Northern Dutch) [xɛlt], (Southern Dutch) [ɣɛlt]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: geld
  • Rhymes: -ɛlt

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Dutch gelt, gheld, ghelt, from Old Dutch geld, from Proto-West Germanic *geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”).

Noun

[edit]

geld n (plural gelden)

  1. money
    Synonyms: doekoe, poen
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Dutch gelde, probably borrowed from Old Norse geldr (“barren, yielding no milk”), from Proto-Germanic *galdaz, *galdijaz (“barren, unfruitful”). The ultimate origin is uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”),[1] or from *gʰel- (“to shout, cry”).[2]

Adjective

[edit]

geld (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete, of female animals) not pregnant
    Antonym: drachtig
  2. (obsolete, of fish) male
Declension
[edit]
Declension of geld
uninflected geld
inflected gelde
comparative —
positive
predicative/adverbial geld
indefinite m./f. sing. gelde
n. sing. geld
plural gelde
definite gelde
partitive gelds
Alternative forms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
  • → West Frisian: geld

Etymology 3

[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

[edit]

geld

  1. inflection of gelden:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
    3. imperative

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “geld”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  2. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “geld2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Icelandic

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

geld

  1. first-person singular present indicative of gjalda

Old English

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ġeld n

  1. Alternative form of ġield

Declension

[edit]
Declension of ġeld (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ġeld ġeld
accusative ġeld ġeld
genitive ġeldes ġelda
dative ġelde ġeldum

Scots

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

geld (comparative mair geld, superlative maist geld)

  1. Alternative form of yeld
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=geld&oldid=82568294"