geld: difference between revisions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Browse history interactively
← Go to previous editGo to next edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
DerbethBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
567,450 edits
m added audio LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-geld.wav
m remove extraneous spaces at end of line
Line 37: Line 37:


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|gelden}}, from {{der|en|non|gelda|t=to geld, castrate}}, from {{m|non|geldr|t=yielding no milk, dry}}, cognate with {{cog|goh|galt}}, {{der|en|gem-pro|*galdjan||to castrate}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰel-||to cut}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|434}}</ref><ref name = "OED">{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|geld}}</ref>
From {{inh|en|enm|gelden}}, from {{der|en|non|gelda|t=to geld, castrate}}, from {{m|non|geldr|t=yielding no milk, dry}}, cognate with {{cog|goh|galt}}, {{der|en|gem-pro|*galdjan||to castrate}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰel-||to cut}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|434}}</ref><ref name = "OED">{{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|geld}}</ref>


Cognate with {{cog|got|𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰||sickle}}.<ref>{{R:Webster 1913|geld}}</ref> Compare the archaic {{cog|de|Gelze||castrated swine}} and {{m|de|gelzen||castrate}}, {{cog|da|galt||castrated boar}} (from {{cog|non|gǫltr||boar, hog}}, cognate with {{cog|en|gilt}}) and {{m|en|gilde||to geld}}. "[[gelding]]" derives from {{cog|non|geldingr}}.<ref name = "OED" />
Cognate with {{cog|got|𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰||sickle}}.<ref>{{R:Webster 1913|geld}}</ref> Compare the archaic {{cog|de|Gelze||castrated swine}} and {{m|de|gelzen||castrate}}, {{cog|da|galt||castrated boar}} (from {{cog|non|gǫltr||boar, hog}}, cognate with {{cog|en|gilt}}) and {{m|en|gilde||to geld}}. "[[gelding]]" derives from {{cog|non|geldingr}}.<ref name = "OED" />

Revision as of 04:31, 27 August 2022

See also: Geld and geldt

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡɛld/
  • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛld

Etymology 1

From Middle English geld and reinforced by Medieval Latin geldum, both from Old English geld, ġield (“payment, tribute”), from Proto-West Germanic *geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Probably reinforced by gelt (which see), see Norwegian Bokmål gjeld (“debt”). Geld is also written gelt or gild, and as such found in wergild, Danegeld, etc.

Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian jild (“money”), Saterland Frisian Jield, Jäild (“money”), Dutch geld (“money”), German Geld (“money”), Old Norse gjald (“payment”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (gild, “tribute”). Also related to English yield.

Noun

geld (countable and uncountable, plural gelds)

  1. (chiefly archaic or historical) Money.
    1. (historical) In particular, (money paid as) a medieval form of land tax.

Verb

geld (third-person singular simple present gelds, present participle gelding, simple past and past participle gelded)

  1. (historical) To tax geld.
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English gelden, from Old Norse gelda (“to geld, castrate”), from geldr (“yielding no milk, dry”), cognate with Old High German galt, Proto-Germanic *galdjan (“to castrate”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”).[1][2]

Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌰 (gilþa, “sickle”).[3] Compare the archaic German Gelze (“castrated swine”) and gelzen (“castrate”), Danish galt (“castrated boar”) (from Old Norse gǫltr (“boar, hog”), cognate with English gilt) and gilde (“to geld”). "gelding" derives from Old Norse geldingr.[2]

Verb

geld (third-person singular simple present gelds, present participle gelding, simple past and past participle gelded or gelt)

  1. (transitive) To castrate a male (usually an animal).
    • 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, paperback edition, pages 16-17:
      "Poor old Topaz," said Mrs Flanders, as he stretched himself out in the sun, and she smiled, thinking how she had had him gelded, and how she did not like red hair in men.
  2. (transitive, figurative) To deprive of anything essential; to weaken.
Translations

Noun

geld (plural gelds)

  1. A female animal, such as a ewe or cow, that is not pregnant.

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “434”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 434
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “geld”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  3. ^ “geld”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch geld (“money”), from Middle Dutch gelt, from Old Dutch geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą, cognate with German Geld (“money”), Old Norse gjald (“payment”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (gild, “tribute”).

Pronunciation

Noun

geld (plural geld)

  1. money
Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Sotho: tjhelete
  • → Venda: tshelede

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣɛlt/, (Northern Dutch) [xɛlt], (Southern Dutch) [ɣɛlt]
  • audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: geld
  • Rhymes: -ɛlt

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch gelt, gheld, ghelt, from Old Dutch geld, from Proto-West Germanic *geld, from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”).

Noun

geld n (plural gelden)

  1. money
    Synonyms: doekoe, poen
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch gelde, probably borrowed from Old Norse geldr (“barren, yielding no milk”), from Proto-Germanic *galdaz, *galdijaz (“barren, unfruitful”). The ultimate origin is uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”)[1], or from *gʰel- (“to shout, cry”).[2]

Adjective

geld (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete, of female animals) not pregnant
    Antonym: drachtig
  2. (obsolete, of fish) male
Inflection
Declension of geld
uninflected geld
inflected gelde
comparative —
positive
predicative/adverbial geld
indefinite m./f. sing. gelde
n. sing. geld
plural gelde
definite gelde
partitive gelds
Alternative forms
Descendants
  • → West Frisian: geld

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

geld

  1. (deprecated template usage) first-person singular present indicative of gelden
  2. (deprecated template usage) imperative of gelden

References

  1. ^ “geld”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  2. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “geld2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Icelandic

Verb

geld

  1. first-person singular present indicative of gjalda

Old English

Pronunciation

Noun

ġeld n

  1. Alternative form of ġield

Declension

Declension of ġeld (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ġeld ġeld
accusative ġeld ġeld
genitive ġeldes ġelda
dative ġelde ġeldum

Scots

Pronunciation

Adjective

geld (comparative mair geld, superlative maist geld)

  1. Alternative form of yeld
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=geld&oldid=68768622"