είμαι
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Byzantine Greek εἶμαι (eîmai), from Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí, “to be”), from Proto-Hellenic *ehmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]είμαι • (eímai) (imperfect ήμουν, past —)
- (most senses, location and existence) to be
- Είμαι φίλος της. ― Eímai fílos tis. ― I'm her friend.
- Είναι γιατρός. ― Eínai giatrós. ― He's a doctor.
- Συνεχώς ήταν θλιμμένη ― Synechós ítan thlimméni ― She was constantly sad.
- Είμαι στο σπίτι μου ― Eímai sto spíti mou ― I am at my home.
- (intransitive) there is, there are, to exist
- Είναι μία γυναίκα στην πόρτα. ― Eínai mía gynaíka stin pórta. ― There is a woman at the door.
- (transitive) to support, be a supporter of (team, political party etc)
- Αυτός εκεί είναι ΣΥΡΙΖΑ. ― Aftós ekeí eínai SYRIZA. ― That guy over there is a SYRIZA supporter.
- Τι ομάδα είσαι; ― Ti omáda eísai; ― What team do you support?
- (grammar, auxiliary verb) to be + participles to form alternative passive perfect tenses
- Έχει λυθεί το πρόβλημα, είναι λυμένο. ― Échei lytheí to próvlima, eínai lyméno. ― The problem has been solved, it is [already] solved.
Usage notes
[edit]- All inflectional forms also occur with apheresis of the first vowel, when preceded by vowel. An apostrophe is used in its place: e.g. να ’μαι (na ’mai, “here I am”), πού ’σουν; (poú ’soun?, “where were you?”), θα ’μαστε (tha ’maste, “we will be”).
Conjugation
[edit]είμαι
Active voice ➤ — Imperfective aspect ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Present ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Future ➤ | |
1 sg | είμαι | ήμουν(α)1 | θα είμαι | |
2 sg | είσαι | ήσουν(α)1 | θα είσαι | |
3 sg | είναι | ήταν(ε)1 | θα είναι | |
1 pl | είμαστε, [είμεθα]3 | ήμαστε, ήμασταν2, [ήμεθα]3 | θα είμαστε | |
2 pl | είστε, είσαστε | ήσαστε, ήσασταν2 | θα είστε, θα είσαστε | |
3 pl | είναι | ήταν(ε)1, {ήσαν}3, [ήσανε]1 | θα είναι | |
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | 2 sg | 2 pl | ||
Imperfective aspect | να είσαι, {[έσο]}3 | να είστε, να είσαστε, {[έστε]}3 | ||
Other forms | Present participle ➤ | |||
όντας4 ➤ | ||||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• 1 informal alternatives 2 orally differentiated alternatives 3 dated • 4 Also, archaic active present participle: ο {ων}, η {ούσα}, το {ον} • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Audio (present indicative); “είμαι, είσαι, είναι, είμαστε, είστε, είσαστε, είναι” (“eímai, eísai, eínai, eímaste, eíste, eísaste, eínai”): (file) Audio (imperfect); “ήμουν, ήμουνα, ήσουν, ήσουνα, ήταν, ήτανε, ήμαστε, ήμασταν, ήσαστε, ήσασταν, ήταν, ήτανε, ήσαν, ήσανε” (“ímoun, ímouna, ísoun, ísouna, ítan, ítane, ímaste, ímastan, ísaste, ísastan, ítan, ítane, ísan, ísane”): (file)
Synonyms
[edit]- (exist): υπάρχω (ypárcho)
- (support): υποστηρίζω (ypostirízo)
Derived terms
[edit]- όντας (óntas, participle)
Related terms
[edit]- είμεθα (eímetha, “we are”) (from Katharevousa)
- ήμεθα (ímetha, “we were”) (from Katharevousa)
- ων m (on, “being”, participle) (archaic, set phrase from Ancient Greek)
- έσομαι (ésomai, “I will be”) (archaic, in set phrases from Ancient Greek)
- έσο (éso, “be!, may you be!”, imperative) (archaic, in set phrases from Ancient Greek)
- έστω (ésto, “let it be!”, imperative) (archaic, in set phrases from Ancient Greek)
- έστωσαν (éstosan, “let them be!”, imperative) (archaic, inset phrases from Ancient Greek)
See also
[edit]Categories:
- Greek terms inherited from Byzantine Greek
- Greek terms derived from Byzantine Greek
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek terms with audio pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek transitive verbs
- el:Grammar
- Greek irregular verbs