Emerging HxNy Influenza A Viruses
- 1National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
- 2Department of Pathogen Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
- 4Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
- Correspondence: liujun{at}ivdc.chinacdc.cn
Abstract
The continuous emergence and reemergence of diverse subtypes of influenza A viruses, which are known as “HxNy” and are mediated through the reassortment of viral genomes, account for seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics, and zoonotic outbreaks. We summarize and discuss the characteristics of historic human pandemic HxNy viruses and diverse subtypes of HxNy among wild birds, mammals, and live poultry markets. In addition, we summarize the key molecular features of emerging infectious HxNy influenza viruses from the perspectives of the receptor binding of Hx, the inhibitor-binding specificities and drug-resistance features of Ny, and the matching of the gene segments. Our work enhances our understanding of the potential threats of novel reassortant influenza viruses to public health and provides recommendations for effective prevention, control, and research of this pathogen.
