| abstract |
A high energy/power density, long cycle life and safe lithium ion cell capable of long-term deep discharge/storage near zero-volt is described. The cell utilizes a near zero-volt storage capable anode, such as a spinel Li4Ti5O12, coupled to a high voltage, high-energy and/or high-power density cathode, such as LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The near zero-volt storage cell is rechargeable and affords safety advantages for battery transportation, storage, and handling, and significant cost reductions for cell maintenance. The cells produce high-energy and/or high-power densities and long cycle life. The cell anode, cathode, and separator active materials are coated with one or more protection or stability enhancing and/or conductivity enhancing materials to enhance electrochemical performance and to strengthen stabilities for long-term cycle life and storage life. |