| abstract |
An electric device comprises a gelled acid electrolyte ( 142 A) in complex with a lanthanide that forms a redox pair with a second element. Preferred electric devices include batteries and especially primary batteries, while preferred acid electrolytes ( 124 A) have a sulfonic acid group. Contemplated lanthanides especially include cerium, and preferred second elements particularly include zinc. Alternatively, contemplated electric devices may comprise a gelled electrolyte ( 142 A) in which with a lanthanide forms a redox pair with zinc. |