Sind (Sindhi: سنڌ) was an administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate and later of the Abbasid Caliphate in post-classical India, from around 711 CE with the conquest of Sind by the Arab military commander Muhammad ibn Qasim, to around 854 CE with the emergence of the independent dynasties of the Habbarid Emirate and the Multan Emirate. The "Governor of Sind" (Arabic: عامل السند, romanized: ‘āmil al-Sind) was an official who administered the caliphates' province over what is now Sindh, Pakistan.