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- The eight great surnames of Chinese antiquity were among the most important Chinese surnames in Chinese antiquity. They are all Chinese ancestral surnames, and as such have Chinese clan surnames branching off from them During the earliest Chinese antiquity, Chinese society focused on women. Family names often passed from women to their children. Because of this phenomenon, these eight surnames have a component of their hanzi representing the character woman (女). Today very few people have one of these surnames as a family name. An exception is the surnames Yao and Jiang. Of these, there are some well-known Chinese of modern times with these names today. One example is Yao Ming (姚明). (en)
- 상고팔대성(上古八大姓)은 임성(妊), 강성(姜), 희성(姬), 영성(嬴), 운성(妘), 요성(姚), 규성(嬀), 사성(姒)을 말한다. 같은 성은 같은 모계의 혈연 관계를 나타낸다. 따라서 상고팔대성 모두는 계집녀 부수(女)를 포함하고, 이것은 다른 조모계 혹은 모계에서 전해 내려오는 씨족의 무리임을 나타낸다. 혹은 임성(妊)을 빼고 길성(姞)을 추가하기도 한다. (ko)
- 上古八大姓（じょうこはちだいせい）とは、上古中国の主要な8つの姓で、姜・姫・姚・・・・・の8つを指す。中国における姓は母系制に起源を有し、同一姓は同一の母系的血縁集団であることを示している。 (ja)
- De acht grote familienamen van de Chinese oudheid waren de belangrijkste en meest voorkomende Chinese familienamen in de Chinese oudheid. Tijdens de Chinese oudheid was de Chinese samenleving gericht op vrouwen en waren zij belangrijker dan mannen. Familienamen gingen over van vrouwen naar hun kinderen en niet zoals wij nu kennen, van mannen naar hun kinderen. Door dit verschijnsel hebben deze acht familienamen een onderdeel van hun hanzi dat het karakter vrouw (女) voorstelt. Tegenwoordig hebben maar weinig mensen een van deze familienamen als familienaam. Een uitzondering vormen de familienamen Yao en Jiang. Hiervan zijn er wel wat bekende Chinezen van de moderne tijd met deze namen te vinden tegenwoordig. Een voorbeeld is Yao Ming (姚明). (nl)
- 上古八大姓是中國漢姓，起源于五六千年前的母系社会，沿自部落的名称或部落首领的名字。因此，上古八大姓都是從“女”字旁，是指：妊、姬、姜、姒、嬴、妘、妫、姚；另一說：姞、姬、姜、姒、嬴、妘、妫、姚。 (zh)
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- 상고팔대성(上古八大姓)은 임성(妊), 강성(姜), 희성(姬), 영성(嬴), 운성(妘), 요성(姚), 규성(嬀), 사성(姒)을 말한다. 같은 성은 같은 모계의 혈연 관계를 나타낸다. 따라서 상고팔대성 모두는 계집녀 부수(女)를 포함하고, 이것은 다른 조모계 혹은 모계에서 전해 내려오는 씨족의 무리임을 나타낸다. 혹은 임성(妊)을 빼고 길성(姞)을 추가하기도 한다. (ko)
- 上古八大姓（じょうこはちだいせい）とは、上古中国の主要な8つの姓で、姜・姫・姚・・・・・の8つを指す。中国における姓は母系制に起源を有し、同一姓は同一の母系的血縁集団であることを示している。 (ja)
- 上古八大姓是中國漢姓，起源于五六千年前的母系社会，沿自部落的名称或部落首领的名字。因此，上古八大姓都是從“女”字旁，是指：妊、姬、姜、姒、嬴、妘、妫、姚；另一說：姞、姬、姜、姒、嬴、妘、妫、姚。 (zh)
- The eight great surnames of Chinese antiquity were among the most important Chinese surnames in Chinese antiquity. They are all Chinese ancestral surnames, and as such have Chinese clan surnames branching off from them During the earliest Chinese antiquity, Chinese society focused on women. Family names often passed from women to their children. Because of this phenomenon, these eight surnames have a component of their hanzi representing the character woman (女). (en)
- De acht grote familienamen van de Chinese oudheid waren de belangrijkste en meest voorkomende Chinese familienamen in de Chinese oudheid. Tijdens de Chinese oudheid was de Chinese samenleving gericht op vrouwen en waren zij belangrijker dan mannen. Familienamen gingen over van vrouwen naar hun kinderen en niet zoals wij nu kennen, van mannen naar hun kinderen. Door dit verschijnsel hebben deze acht familienamen een onderdeel van hun hanzi dat het karakter vrouw (女) voorstelt. (nl)
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- Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity (en)
- 상고팔대성 (ko)
- 上古八大姓 (ja)
- Acht grote familienamen van de Chinese oudheid (nl)
- 上古八大姓 (zh)
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