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- Als Neidkopf werden Fratzen, die an Mauern, Türen oder Giebeln von Häusern und anderen Gebäuden angebracht sind, bezeichnet. Der Begriff stammt vom althochdeutschen Wort nid ab, das für Hass, Zorn oder Neid steht. (de)
- Uzita por priskribi elementon de arkitekturo, ĥimero estas figuro (ofte de besto) ĉu fantasta, mita aŭ groteska uzata cele al ornamo. La ĥimeroj estas foje iel erare priskribitaj kiel gargojloj. Ĝuste uzita, la termino "gargojlo" referencas specife al ĉizita rara figuro uzata kiel fino de akvokondukilo kiu forigas tion el la muroj de edificoj. Laŭ Francisko Azorín ĥimero estas Monstro de la greka mitologio kun leona kapo, kapra ventro k. draga vosto. Bildo reprezentanta tian aŭ similan monstron. Li indikas etimologion el fenica ŝamira (fajraĵo) kaj de tie la greka ksimaira kaj la latina chimaera. (eo)
- Utilizada para describir un elemento arquitectónico, una quimera significa una figura (a menudo de una bestia) fantástica, mítica o grotesca utilizada con fines decorativos. Las quimeras son a menudo descritas como gárgolas. Utilizado correctamente, el término "gárgola" remite específicamente a toda figura tallada extraña como las terminaciones de los canalones que transportan agua lejos de los lados de edificios. También se utiliza para describir los sistemas híbridos de fusión de sistemas o piezas. Según el Índice de Arquitectura: "El sistema ilusorio produce acoplamientos de cruzamientos categóricos en los cuales los sistemas iniciales se funden inextricablemente, es decir, transformado en un sistema o sistemas los cuales adquieren nuevas identidades completamente. Empleando un "modo ilusorio" o "quimérico", se observan formas de acoplamiento de sistemas categóricamente diferentes al poder identificar y explotar compatibilidades y afinidades entre ellos." - Sulan Kolatan "Chimera 3: Mongrel Structures," Advanced Studio V, Fall 1997. (es)
- In architecture, a grotesque (/ɡrəʊˈtɛsk/) or chimera (/kʌɪˈmɪərə/) is a fantastic or mythical figure used for decorative purposes. Chimerae are often described as gargoyles, although the term gargoyle technically refers to figures carved specifically as terminations to spouts which convey water away from the sides of buildings. In the Middle Ages, the term babewyn was used to refer to both gargoyles and chimerae. This word is derived from the Italian word babuino, which means "baboon". A grotesque is a decorative feature found in architecture carved from stone often depicting whimsical, mythical creatures in dramatic or humorous ways. Most commonly grotesques are a decoration that surround waterspouts and drains largely on historic buildings. Grotesques, also often referred to as chimera, have historically been a key element of architecture in many periods including the Renaissance and Medieval periods and have stylistically developed in conjunction with these times. While they depicted a wide range of mythical subjects, Grotesques are often hybrids of different mythical, human, and animalistic features.Although used mainly for decorative purposes, many scholars describe grotesques as being used to ward off evil and as reminders of the separation of the earth and the divine. Grotesques are predominantly carved into buildings of religious significance, in particular churches and cathedrals. Despite their presence in religious spaces, their anthropomorphic designs are largely not directly religious and instead are often more whimsical without religious connotations. They commonly exist on high ledges and rooftops and are frequently positioned out of view from common areas. Prominent examples of preserved grotesques exist on buildings such as the Florence Cathedral and Notre-Dame de Paris. Historically, grotesques have also had significant design influence from sculptural trends and often their architects were originally sculptors or artists. This meant that the widespread emergence of grotesques also often converged with popular art styles that existed at the time, especially the combined rise of the Gothic style and the addition of grotesques in architecture. Key architects that often included grotesques as a feature in their designs included Brunelleschi and Gundulf of Rochester. Bridaham, in his book Gargoyles, Chimeres, and the Grotesque in French Gothic Sculpture points out that the sculptors of the Gothic cathedrals in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries were tasked by the Pope to be "a preacher in stone" to the illiterates who populated Europe at the time. It fell to them to not only present the stories of the Bible but also portray the animals and beings who populated the folk lore of the times. Many of these showed up as grotesques and chimerae, carved on the buildings. Some critics dismissed the use of the grotesque such as Frances Barasch, who maintained that it is an idle toy and not of any great use. It is also argued that it perpetuated superstition instead of articulating what is real or the truth. The meaning and use of the grotesque is also changing in architecture. Aside from the sculpture, for instance, the term has been used to describe the search for the abnormal or the representation of caricature. There are also scholars who use the architectural definition of grotesque as a term for disharmony. These include Peter Eisenman, a Deconstructivist architect who used this conceptualization in his work. Particularly, he used the term in presenting a stylistic opposition to the form of aesthetics that is identified with the Kantian notion of the sublime in architecture. (en)
- Arkitekturan, kimera deritzo apaingarritzat erabiltzen den edozein eskultura fantastiko, mitiko edo groteskori. Askotan, pizti fantastikoen irudiak izaten dira. Batzuetan, gargola ere baderitze, baina, adiera hertsian, gargola arte erromanikoaren eta gotikoaren elementu berezi bat da, eskultura gehienetan grotesko bat izaten dena, euri-urak teilatuetatik eramateko zorrotenen edota erretenen ahoetan jartzen dena. (eu)
- Une chimère est le nom utilisé en architecture pour décrire une figure fantastique, mythique ou grotesque utilisée à des fins décoratives et dont le nom vient de la chimère. La chimère est souvent incorrectement nommée ou confondue avec la gargouille qui est une figure sculptée, généralement grotesque, présente dans l'art roman et surtout gothique, dont le but précis est l'évacuation des eaux de pluie des toitures. Quelques exemples
* Chimère du XIXe siècle sur Notre-Dame de Paris et conçue par Viollet-le-Duc
* Chimère représentant une loutre
* Chimères de la façade du no 133, rue Saint-Antoine à Paris
* Chimère de la porte d'entrée de l'hôtel Chenizot (Paris IVe) (fr)
- La chimera in architettura è utilizzata per descrivere un elemento decorativo rappresentante una figura fantastica, mitica o grottesca, tendenzialmente zoomorfica. Le chimere sono spesso confuse con le gargolle, queste ultime per lo più creature inquietanti scolpite in particolare con terminazioni a becchi che convogliano l'acqua lontano dai lati degli edifici. Nel Medioevo, soprattutto anglofono, il termine babewyn, derivato dalla parola italiana "babbuino", era impiegato per riferirsi ad entrambe. Molte celebri architetture storiche presentano delle chimere come principale caratterizzazione, tra queste: villa Palagonia a Bagheria e la casa Gorodeckij di Kiev. (it)
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- Als Neidkopf werden Fratzen, die an Mauern, Türen oder Giebeln von Häusern und anderen Gebäuden angebracht sind, bezeichnet. Der Begriff stammt vom althochdeutschen Wort nid ab, das für Hass, Zorn oder Neid steht. (de)
- Arkitekturan, kimera deritzo apaingarritzat erabiltzen den edozein eskultura fantastiko, mitiko edo groteskori. Askotan, pizti fantastikoen irudiak izaten dira. Batzuetan, gargola ere baderitze, baina, adiera hertsian, gargola arte erromanikoaren eta gotikoaren elementu berezi bat da, eskultura gehienetan grotesko bat izaten dena, euri-urak teilatuetatik eramateko zorrotenen edota erretenen ahoetan jartzen dena. (eu)
- Uzita por priskribi elementon de arkitekturo, ĥimero estas figuro (ofte de besto) ĉu fantasta, mita aŭ groteska uzata cele al ornamo. La ĥimeroj estas foje iel erare priskribitaj kiel gargojloj. Ĝuste uzita, la termino "gargojlo" referencas specife al ĉizita rara figuro uzata kiel fino de akvokondukilo kiu forigas tion el la muroj de edificoj. (eo)
- Utilizada para describir un elemento arquitectónico, una quimera significa una figura (a menudo de una bestia) fantástica, mítica o grotesca utilizada con fines decorativos. Las quimeras son a menudo descritas como gárgolas. Utilizado correctamente, el término "gárgola" remite específicamente a toda figura tallada extraña como las terminaciones de los canalones que transportan agua lejos de los lados de edificios. (es)
- In architecture, a grotesque (/ɡrəʊˈtɛsk/) or chimera (/kʌɪˈmɪərə/) is a fantastic or mythical figure used for decorative purposes. Chimerae are often described as gargoyles, although the term gargoyle technically refers to figures carved specifically as terminations to spouts which convey water away from the sides of buildings. In the Middle Ages, the term babewyn was used to refer to both gargoyles and chimerae. This word is derived from the Italian word babuino, which means "baboon". (en)
- Une chimère est le nom utilisé en architecture pour décrire une figure fantastique, mythique ou grotesque utilisée à des fins décoratives et dont le nom vient de la chimère. La chimère est souvent incorrectement nommée ou confondue avec la gargouille qui est une figure sculptée, généralement grotesque, présente dans l'art roman et surtout gothique, dont le but précis est l'évacuation des eaux de pluie des toitures. Quelques exemples
* Chimère du XIXe siècle sur Notre-Dame de Paris et conçue par Viollet-le-Duc
* Chimère représentant une loutre
*
* (fr)
- La chimera in architettura è utilizzata per descrivere un elemento decorativo rappresentante una figura fantastica, mitica o grottesca, tendenzialmente zoomorfica. Le chimere sono spesso confuse con le gargolle, queste ultime per lo più creature inquietanti scolpite in particolare con terminazioni a becchi che convogliano l'acqua lontano dai lati degli edifici. Nel Medioevo, soprattutto anglofono, il termine babewyn, derivato dalla parola italiana "babbuino", era impiegato per riferirsi ad entrambe. (it)
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