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- Shimpan (jap. 勝負審判 Shōbu-Shinpan, kurz 審判 Shinpan, dt. Schiedsrichter) bilden das Kampfgericht bei professionellen Sumōwettkämpfen. Während eines Turniers beobachten fünf Shinpan, die um den Ring (Dohyo) sitzen, die Kämpfe. Solange alle Shinpan mit den Entscheidungen des Gyōji (Ringrichters) einverstanden sind, bleiben sie passiv. Sobald jedoch ein Shinpan Zweifel an der Richtigkeit einer Entscheidung hat, fordert er per Handzeichen eine Beratung der Schiedsrichter (Mono-ii). Diese findet im Ring statt, und der Gyoji darf daran teilnehmen, ohne selbst ein Rederecht zu haben. Die Zeitlupentechnik vereinfacht heutzutage die Arbeit des Schiedsgerichts, das oft über Vorgänge befinden muss, die sich in Sekundenbruchteilen abgespielt haben. Zwei weitere Shinpan, die über eine Audioverbindung mit dem obersten Kampfrichter kommunizieren, beraten diese auf der Basis von Videomaterial, das sie in einem speziellen Raum außerhalb der Sporthalle auswerten. Nach einer kurzen Besprechung bestätigt das Kampfgericht entweder die Entscheidung des Gyoji (Gunbai-dori), entscheidet zu Gunsten der Gegenseite (Gunbai-sashichigai) oder bestimmt eine Wiederholung des Kampfes (Torinaoshi). Theoretisch sind auch die vier ebenfalls am Ringrand sitzenden Rikishi, die auf ihren Kampf warten, zur Einberufung eines Mono-ii berechtigt. In der Praxis kommt dies jedoch äußerst selten vor. In jüngerer Zeit geschah es an Tag 12 des Mai-Basho 2014, als Hakuhō nach dem Kampf zwischen Sekiwake Gōeidō und Yokozuna Kakuryū durch ein Handzeichen das Urteil des Gyōji in Frage stellte. Die Shinpan revidierten die Entscheidung zu Kakuryūs Gunsten, da Gōeidōs Griff in die Haare von Kakuryū als Foul gewertet wurde. Dies war das erste Mal seit 18 Jahren, dass ein am Ringrand wartender Rikishi ein Mono-ii gefordert hatte. Die Shinpan rekrutieren sich aus den Reihen der Mitglieder des japanischen Sumōverbands, sind also ehemalige Sumōkämpfer, meist ehemalige Yokozuna oder Ōzeki. Sie tragen traditionelle formelle Kleidung, die aus einem schwarzen Haori und grauem Hakama besteht. Es gibt insgesamt 23 Shinpanin, an deren Spitze ein oberster Shinpan (Shinpan-bucho) und seine zwei Stellvertreter (Shinpan-fuku-bucho) stehen. An einem Kampftag werden mehrere Schichten eingesetzt, die nach einem festgelegten System rotieren. (de)
- Shimpan (審判) or Shinpan are the ring-side judges of a professional sumo bout. In a sumo honbasho tournament five shimpan sit around the ring to observe which wrestler wins the matchup. When judging tournament bouts they wear formal Japanese dress of , haori with mon, and hakama. At the end of each bout an initial decision is given by the gyōji (the ring referee), which is usually correct and no action is taken by the shimpan. Five shimpan sit around the ring during the tournament. The order of importance of the shimpan is determined by where they sit. The order of importance goes North, East, South East, South West, West. They will rotate where they sit every day to maintain equality. However, during the top division only the chief shimpan and his two deputies may sit in the North. The South East shimpan also acts as the timekeeper and gives a signal to the gyōji (referee) when preparation time is up and the wrestlers should fight. Prior to September 1952 the raised shire roof (tsuriyane) was supported by columns and the shimpan would sit in front of the columns. If one of the shimpan disagrees or is unsure about the decision then he raises his hand and the five of them climb into the ring, or dohyō to hold a mono-ii. A mono-ii (of the shimpan only) can in principle also be called by any of the four sumo wrestlers awaiting their bout around the ring, although it is an extremely rare occurrence. During the mono-ii the five shimpan give their views on what happened. The gyōji is usually able to listen in but is not expected to take part unless invited to do so. (In a famous case in January 1972, when the shimpan overruled the gyōji and said that Kitanofuji was the winner because his opponent was shini-tai and Kitanofuji was entitled to put his hand down first to prevent injury (kabai-te), the gyōji was seen to be arguing with the officials.) Overturning a call can be a serious matter for a gyōji as he has to file a report and it can hinder his promotion, lead to suspension for a number of days, or in very rare cases resignation. For top division matches, the deliberations are further advised by two further shimpan in a video room, in communication with the chief shimpan (who is always one of the three senior members of the judging committee) via an audio link in his ear. The use of video was brought in at a result of a famous bout in March 1969 in which the yokozuna Taihō was adjudged to have lost the bout despite subsequent replays and photographs indicating otherwise. The referee had originally given the victory to Taihō, but the judges reversed his decision. The loss of this bout broke an extremely unusual 45 bout winning streak by the yokozuna and consequently the decision received much adverse publicity. One of the two shimpan in the video booth must now also be one of the three most senior judges. This rule was brought in as a result of judging controversies in the 1990s. The result of the mono-ii can be to uphold the gyōji's decision (so-called gunbai-dōri), reverse his decision (gunbai-sashichigai), or call a rematch (torinaoshi). Prior to 1926 draws (azukari) were allowed. The head shimpan is responsible for making the announcement and a brief explanation to the wrestlers and spectators. All the shimpan are oyakata, or sumo elders, of the Japan Sumo Association and are members of its judging committee. At the end of each honbasho tournament the judging committee members also have the responsibility to decide the ranking of the wrestlers for the following tournament, which includes making the initial formal recommendation for the promotion of a wrestler to the rank of ōzeki to the Sumo Association board of directors. A special advisory body of external members is responsible for initial recommendations of promotion to the top rank of yokozuna. The judging committee has 23 members at any one time. The three chief shimpan, who are nearly always former yokozuna or ōzeki, serve two-year terms, while the other 20 members serve one-year terms. An oyakata is normally expected to have reached at least a high maegashira rank as an active wrestler and must usually wait at least five years after retirement to become a shimpan. One exception was Nishonoseki (the 72nd yokozuna Kisenosato), who was named to the judging committee just three years after his retirement. (en)
- Gli shinpan (審判) sono i giudici di gara di un incontro di sumo professionale. In un torneo honbasho di sumo, cinque shinpan siedono attorno al ring per osservare quale lottatore vince l'incontro. Quando giudicano gli incontri di torneo, indossano abiti formali giapponesi con otokomono (kimono da uomo), haori con mon e hakama. Alla fine di ogni incontro una decisione iniziale viene data dal gyōji (l'arbitro nell'anello), decisione che, se corretta, non impone alcun provvedimento da parte degli shinpan. Posizione degli shinpan attorno al dohyō. (it)
- 勝負審判（しょうぶしんぱん）は、大相撲において、行司とは別に相撲勝負の判定に加わる審判のことである。日本相撲協会寄附行為相撲規則によると審判委員（しんぱんいいん）と定義されている。 (ja)
- 審判，是日本大相撲比賽的評審委員和副裁，在江戶時代稱為中改。每場比賽共有5人，穿著羽織和服坐在土俵下四方，比賽開始後觀察力士有沒有犯規，和行司有沒有誤判勝負。 在每個回合結束時，行司給出初始決定，這通常是正確的，如有爭議審判員會舉手，然後5位審判員一起進入土俵討論，然後宣佈結果。 所有審判都是日本相撲協會成員，多數由前橫綱和大關出任，由5個門（出羽海一門、二所之關一門、時津風一門、高砂一門、伊勢乃濱一門）推薦共20名親方出任。他們可對比賽爭議作最後決定，甚至可要求重新比賽。 (zh)
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- Gli shinpan (審判) sono i giudici di gara di un incontro di sumo professionale. In un torneo honbasho di sumo, cinque shinpan siedono attorno al ring per osservare quale lottatore vince l'incontro. Quando giudicano gli incontri di torneo, indossano abiti formali giapponesi con otokomono (kimono da uomo), haori con mon e hakama. Alla fine di ogni incontro una decisione iniziale viene data dal gyōji (l'arbitro nell'anello), decisione che, se corretta, non impone alcun provvedimento da parte degli shinpan. Posizione degli shinpan attorno al dohyō. (it)
- 勝負審判（しょうぶしんぱん）は、大相撲において、行司とは別に相撲勝負の判定に加わる審判のことである。日本相撲協会寄附行為相撲規則によると審判委員（しんぱんいいん）と定義されている。 (ja)
- 審判，是日本大相撲比賽的評審委員和副裁，在江戶時代稱為中改。每場比賽共有5人，穿著羽織和服坐在土俵下四方，比賽開始後觀察力士有沒有犯規，和行司有沒有誤判勝負。 在每個回合結束時，行司給出初始決定，這通常是正確的，如有爭議審判員會舉手，然後5位審判員一起進入土俵討論，然後宣佈結果。 所有審判都是日本相撲協會成員，多數由前橫綱和大關出任，由5個門（出羽海一門、二所之關一門、時津風一門、高砂一門、伊勢乃濱一門）推薦共20名親方出任。他們可對比賽爭議作最後決定，甚至可要求重新比賽。 (zh)
- Shimpan (jap. 勝負審判 Shōbu-Shinpan, kurz 審判 Shinpan, dt. Schiedsrichter) bilden das Kampfgericht bei professionellen Sumōwettkämpfen. Während eines Turniers beobachten fünf Shinpan, die um den Ring (Dohyo) sitzen, die Kämpfe. Solange alle Shinpan mit den Entscheidungen des Gyōji (Ringrichters) einverstanden sind, bleiben sie passiv. Sobald jedoch ein Shinpan Zweifel an der Richtigkeit einer Entscheidung hat, fordert er per Handzeichen eine Beratung der Schiedsrichter (Mono-ii). Diese findet im Ring statt, und der Gyoji darf daran teilnehmen, ohne selbst ein Rederecht zu haben. Die Zeitlupentechnik vereinfacht heutzutage die Arbeit des Schiedsgerichts, das oft über Vorgänge befinden muss, die sich in Sekundenbruchteilen abgespielt haben. Zwei weitere Shinpan, die über eine Audioverbindung mit (de)
- Shimpan (審判) or Shinpan are the ring-side judges of a professional sumo bout. In a sumo honbasho tournament five shimpan sit around the ring to observe which wrestler wins the matchup. When judging tournament bouts they wear formal Japanese dress of , haori with mon, and hakama. At the end of each bout an initial decision is given by the gyōji (the ring referee), which is usually correct and no action is taken by the shimpan. (en)
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