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Martin Hübner (c. 1723 – 1795) was a Danish jurist noted for his contributions to international law. Born in Hannover and brought up in Danemark, Hübner studied law there and was appointed professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1761. Later he was a high government official. In his principal work, De la saisie des bâtiments neutres (1759), he was the first to formulate the rule that cargo on neutral ships is not a legitimate prize in warfare. This principle was later internationally acknowledged in the 1856 Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law.

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  • مارتن هوبنر (بالدنماركية: Martin Hübner)‏ هو اقتصادي دنماركي، ولد في 1723، وتوفي في 27 أبريل 1795. (ar)
  • Martin Hübner (c. 1723 – 1795) was a Danish jurist noted for his contributions to international law. Born in Hannover and brought up in Danemark, Hübner studied law there and was appointed professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1761. Later he was a high government official. In his principal work, De la saisie des bâtiments neutres (1759), he was the first to formulate the rule that cargo on neutral ships is not a legitimate prize in warfare. This principle was later internationally acknowledged in the 1856 Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law. (en)
  • Martin Hübner (1724 – 1795) è stato un giurista danese. Scrisse un trattato di diritto internazionale, il De la saisie des batimens neutres, a proposito dei diritti delle nazioni neutrali in mare. Pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1759, il libro propone idee progressiste legate agli eventi politici che in quegli anni mettevano a rischio la neutralità della Danimarca, allontanandosi dalla freddezza espositiva del volume Droits des gens di Emmeric de Vattel, pubblicato appena un anno prima. Lo stesso argomento viene trattato in seguito anche da Domenico Alberto Azuni nel Sistema universale dei principi del diritto marittimo dell'Europa e nel Système universel des armemens en course. Secondo Hübner, la cattura in mare deve risolversi tramite la diplomazia con un tribunale misto composto da magistrati sia delle nazioni in guerra sia di quelle neutrali. Un carico di un paese nemico non dovrebbe essere catturato, facendo vigere il principio di territorialità dell'imbarcazione, se caricato su una nave neutrale; lo stesso dovrebbe avvenire nel caso la sola nave appartenga a una nazione neutrale. (it)
  • Martin Hübner, född 1723 i Hannover, död den 27 april 1795 i Köpenhamn, var en dansk rättslärd. Hübner blev 1741 student samt var därefter informator hos greve J.L. Holstein. Åren 1752–59 studerade han i utlandet, i synnerhet i Paris, och författade två folkrättsliga skrifter: Essai sur l’histoire du droit naturel (1758) och De la saisie des bâtiments neutres (1759). I det sista hävdade han med stort och lärdom emot den engelska regeringens overgrepp och dess kronjuristers påståenden de grundsatser för den neutrala skeppsfartens rätt, som låg till grund för de senare väpnade neutralitetsförbunden (1780 och 1800) och som på Pariskongressen 1856 blev allmänt godkända. Åren 1759–62 sändes han till London för att stödja den danske ministern vid hans förhandlingar med regeringen, och 1764 blev han professor vid Köpenhamns universitet, men höll under 30 år aldrig föreläsningar. År 1774 fick han titeln konferensråd. Hübner är den ende danske författare, som vunnit varaktigt minne i den folkrättsliga litteraturen. (sv)
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  • مارتن هوبنر (بالدنماركية: Martin Hübner)‏ هو اقتصادي دنماركي، ولد في 1723، وتوفي في 27 أبريل 1795. (ar)
  • Martin Hübner (c. 1723 – 1795) was a Danish jurist noted for his contributions to international law. Born in Hannover and brought up in Danemark, Hübner studied law there and was appointed professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1761. Later he was a high government official. In his principal work, De la saisie des bâtiments neutres (1759), he was the first to formulate the rule that cargo on neutral ships is not a legitimate prize in warfare. This principle was later internationally acknowledged in the 1856 Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law. (en)
  • Martin Hübner (1724 – 1795) è stato un giurista danese. Scrisse un trattato di diritto internazionale, il De la saisie des batimens neutres, a proposito dei diritti delle nazioni neutrali in mare. Pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1759, il libro propone idee progressiste legate agli eventi politici che in quegli anni mettevano a rischio la neutralità della Danimarca, allontanandosi dalla freddezza espositiva del volume Droits des gens di Emmeric de Vattel, pubblicato appena un anno prima. Lo stesso argomento viene trattato in seguito anche da Domenico Alberto Azuni nel Sistema universale dei principi del diritto marittimo dell'Europa e nel Système universel des armemens en course. (it)
  • Martin Hübner, född 1723 i Hannover, död den 27 april 1795 i Köpenhamn, var en dansk rättslärd. Hübner blev 1741 student samt var därefter informator hos greve J.L. Holstein. Åren 1752–59 studerade han i utlandet, i synnerhet i Paris, och författade två folkrättsliga skrifter: Essai sur l’histoire du droit naturel (1758) och De la saisie des bâtiments neutres (1759). (sv)
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  • مارتن هوبنر (ar)
  • Martin Hübner (it)
  • Martin Hübner (en)
  • Martin Hübner (sv)
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