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- The Patriotic Education Campaign (simplified Chinese: 爱国主义教育; traditional Chinese: 愛國主義教育; pinyin: Àiguó zhǔyì jiàoyù) was a political campaign in China initiated in 1991 but not carried out in full scale until 1994. In May 1995, the Chinese government issued the "Notice on Recommending Hundreds of Patriotic Education Books to Primary and Middle Schools across the Country", and made a list of a hundred patriotic films, a hundred patriotic songs, a hundred patriotic books. The main goal of the campaign was to "boost the nation’s spirit, enhance cohesion, and foster national self esteem and pride". This was done through education that was designed to construct a historical memory of what the People's Republic of China was created from, by emphasising the role the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in securing national independence, and the influence of foreign countries on China. This aim was to boost the CCP's legitimacy, which during the 1980s had declined, particularly around the time of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. The academic Suisheng Zhao has said the Campaign is part of a strategy to make the Party the “paramount patriotic force and guardian of national pride.” (en)
- 中华人民共和国爱国主义教育活动发轫于1994年8月23日中共中央宣传部起草、中共中央委员会颁布的 《爱国主义教育实施纲要》。次年，民政部即确定了第一批爱国主义教育基地，中宣部、共青团中央等多部委联合发布百种爱国主义教育图书。由于纲要中明确提出爱国主义教育以中国特色社会主义和党的基本路线为指导，因而被海外学界认为是共产主义崩溃背景下中国共产党主导的务实民族主义政策，对象主要针对青少年。 (zh)
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- 中华人民共和国爱国主义教育活动发轫于1994年8月23日中共中央宣传部起草、中共中央委员会颁布的 《爱国主义教育实施纲要》。次年，民政部即确定了第一批爱国主义教育基地，中宣部、共青团中央等多部委联合发布百种爱国主义教育图书。由于纲要中明确提出爱国主义教育以中国特色社会主义和党的基本路线为指导，因而被海外学界认为是共产主义崩溃背景下中国共产党主导的务实民族主义政策，对象主要针对青少年。 (zh)
- The Patriotic Education Campaign (simplified Chinese: 爱国主义教育; traditional Chinese: 愛國主義教育; pinyin: Àiguó zhǔyì jiàoyù) was a political campaign in China initiated in 1991 but not carried out in full scale until 1994. In May 1995, the Chinese government issued the "Notice on Recommending Hundreds of Patriotic Education Books to Primary and Middle Schools across the Country", and made a list of a hundred patriotic films, a hundred patriotic songs, a hundred patriotic books. The main goal of the campaign was to "boost the nation’s spirit, enhance cohesion, and foster national self esteem and pride". (en)
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- Patriotic Education Campaign (en)
- 中華人民共和國愛國主義教育 (zh)
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