The authors have been conducting research on cross-modal perception employing sensory integration in which participants perceive tactile sensation from stereoscopic (3D) images. The pseudo-haptic system enables the phenomenon of subtle tactile sensation by spatial and temporal synchronization with 3D images without any physical contact. In this study, a 3D image of an object was presented using a binocular see-through head-mounted display, and participants moved their forearms as if touching the viewed object. Myoelectric potentials were measured during experiencing a subtle tactile sensation by the forearm movements. From the results of the experiment, a decrease of myoelectric potential and extension of movement time were found with increase of intensity of the pseudo-haptic sensation.
Takashi Kawai, Fumiya Ohta, Sanghyun Kim, Hiroyuki Morikawa, "Pseudo-haptic by stereoscopic images and effects on muscular activity" in Proc. IS&T Int’l. Symp. on Electronic Imaging: Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXVIII, 2017, pp 80 - 84, https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.5.SDA-380