Desenvolvimento de um Ambiente de Apoio à Tomada de Decisões em Projetos de Software
Resumo
Quase tudo o que fazemos na vida envolve a tomada de decisão sobre um cenário de incerteza. Engenheiros de software e gerentes de projetos também vivenciam este problema ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de software. Contudo, não existe, até o presente momento, um corpo de conhecimento organizado que possa auxiliar gerentes e engenheiros de software durante um processo decisório. Este artigo descreve os passos que estão sendo realizados para a construção de um ambiente de apoio à tomada de decisões em projetos de software, baseado em um processo formal, no reuso de conhecimento e na aplicação de métodos de apoio à decisão.
Palavras-chave:
Desenvolvimento de Ambiente, Tomada de Decisão, Projeto de Software
Referências
Aamodt, A., Plaza, E., (1994), “Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches,’ AI Communications, vol. 17, nr.1.
Aron, R., (1937), "La sociologie de Pareto", Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung.
Bana e Costa, C.A. e Vansnick, J.C., (1995) “A Theoretical Framework for Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH)”. In Clímaco, J. Multicriteria Analysis. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Barros, M. O., (2001) “Gerenciamento de Projetos Baseado em Cenários: uma Abordagem de Modelagem Dinâmica e Simulação”, Tese de Doutorado, COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Bisio, R. and Malabocchia, F., (1995), “Cost estimation of software projects through case base reasoning”. 1st Intl. Conf. on Case-Based Reasoning Research & Development. pp11-22: Springer-Verlag.
Carr, M. J., Konda, S.L, Monarch, I., Ulrich, F.C., Walker, C.F., (1993) “Taxonomy-Based Risk Identification”, Technical Report CMU/SEI–93-TR-6, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, EUA, July.
Chrissis, M. B., Konrad, M., Shrum, S., (2006). “CMMI: Guidelines for Process Integration and Product Improvement” (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley Professional.
Clemen, R. T., and Reilly, T., (2004) “Making Hard Decisions”, Duxbury Thomson Learning, CA, United States.
Collofello, J., Rus., I., Houston, D., Sycamore, D., Mith-Daniels, D., (1998), “A system Dynamics Software Process Simulator for Staffing Policies Decision Support”. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences, pp. 103-111, Kohala Coast, Estados Unidos.
Costa, H. R., Barros, M., O., Travassos, G., H., (2004). Software Project Risk Evaluation Based on Specific and Systemic Risks. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.
Farias, L. L., (2002), Planejamento de Riscos em Ambientes de Desenvolvimento de Software Orientados à Organização, Dissertação de Mestrado, COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fenton, N., Marsh, W.. Neil, M., Cates, P., Forey, S., Tailor, M., (2004), Making Resource Decisions for Software Projects. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering.
Figueiredo, S. M. (2006). Apoio à Tomada de Decisão no Processo de Solução Técnica em Ambientes de Desenvolvimento de Software Orientados à Organização. Dissertação de Mestrado COPPE/UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro, 2006.
Finnie, G. R., Wittig, G. E. and Desharnais, J. M., (1997), “Estimating software development effort with case-based reasoning”. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Case Based Reasoning. pp13-22.
Gigerenzer, G., Selten, R., (2002), “Bounded Rationality, the adaptive toolbox”, MIT Press.
Gomes, L. F. A. M.; Araya, M. C. G.; Carignano, C., (2004) “Tomada de Decisões em Cenários Complexos”. Ed. Thompson, SP.
Hoffmann, H., (1997), “A Decision Support System for Selection of Software Engineering Technologies Based on Models of their Application Domains”, Fraunhofer IESE, Germany.
ISO/IEC, (2003), The International Organization for Standardization and The International Electrotechnical Commission, ISO/IEC 15504 - Software Process Assessment.
ISO/IEC, (2004), The International Organization for Standardization and The International Electrotechnical Commission ISO/IEC 12207 – Software life clycle processes – Amendment 2.
Jensen, F. V., (1996) “An introduction to Bayesian Networks”, UCL Press.
Klein, G., Weitzenfeld, J., (1978) “Improvements of skills for solving ill defined problems”. Educational Psychologist 13:13-41.
Klein, G., (1999), “Sources of Power: How people make decisions”, MIT Press, Massachussets, USA.
Lipshitz, R., Bar-Ilan, O., (1996), “How problems are solved: Reconsidering the phase theorem”. Organiaztional Behavior and Human Decision Process, 65, 48-60.
Meehan, B. and Richerdson, I., (2002), “Identification of Software Process Knowledgement”. Software Process Improvement and Praactice.
Nonaka, I., (1994), “A dynamic theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation”. Organizations Science, vol. 5, p. 14-37.
Ostertag, E., et al., (1992), “Computing similarity in a reuse library system: an AIbased approach. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering Methodology 1(3): pp205-228.
Raffo, D., Harrison, W., Vandeville, J., (2002), “Software Process Decision Support: Making Process Tradeoffs Using Hybrid Metrics, Modeling and Utility Framework”. In Proceedings of the SEKE 2002, pp. 803-809, Ischia, Itália.
Reitman, W. R., (1965), “Cognition and Thought”. New York: Wiley.
Rodrigues, M. R., (2000), “Desenvolvimento e Implementação de um Protótipo de Ferramenta para a Reutilização de Planos de Mensuração Utilizando Raciocino Baseada em Casos”, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
Ruhe G., (2003), “Guest Editor's Introduction”, International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Vol. 13, No. 5.
Rus I., Ilalling M., and Biffl S., (2003), “Supporting Decision Making in Software Engineering with Process Simulation and Empirical Studies”. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Learning Software Organizations, Chicago.
Santos, G., Montoni, M., Rocha, A.R., Figueiredo, S., Mafra, S., Albuquerque, A., Diaz P., B., Amaral, M., (2005). “Using a Software Development Environment with Knowledge Management to Support Deploying Software Processes in Small and Medium Size Companies”, 7th Int. Workshop on Learning Software Organizations (LSO' 2005), Kaiserslautern, Alemanha, Apr.
Schank, R. C., (1982), “Dynamic Memory: A theory of reminding and learning in computers and people”, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
SOFTEX, (2007), "MPS.BR – Melhoria de Processo do Software Brasileiro, Guia de Implementação Parte 5 (v1.1)". In: http://www.softex.br/mpsbr/_guias/default.asp.
Souza, M. P., (2002) “Identificação de Características Relevantes para reutilização de experiências de desenvolvimento de software”. Dissertação de Mestrado da UFSC – Engenharia de Produção.
Ullman, D. e D’ambrosio B., (1995), A Taxonomy for Classifying Engineering Decision Problems and Support Systems, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacturing, AI EDAM #9, pp. 427-438.
Wangenheim, C. G., Wangenheim, A., Barcia, R. M., (1998), “Case-Based Reuse of Software Engineering Measurement Plans”. In Proceedings of the 10th Int. Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.
Wildman, P. and Warner, J, (2003) “The problem solving decision-making toolkit”, HRD Press, Amherst , Massachusetts .
Aron, R., (1937), "La sociologie de Pareto", Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung.
Bana e Costa, C.A. e Vansnick, J.C., (1995) “A Theoretical Framework for Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH)”. In Clímaco, J. Multicriteria Analysis. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Barros, M. O., (2001) “Gerenciamento de Projetos Baseado em Cenários: uma Abordagem de Modelagem Dinâmica e Simulação”, Tese de Doutorado, COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Bisio, R. and Malabocchia, F., (1995), “Cost estimation of software projects through case base reasoning”. 1st Intl. Conf. on Case-Based Reasoning Research & Development. pp11-22: Springer-Verlag.
Carr, M. J., Konda, S.L, Monarch, I., Ulrich, F.C., Walker, C.F., (1993) “Taxonomy-Based Risk Identification”, Technical Report CMU/SEI–93-TR-6, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, EUA, July.
Chrissis, M. B., Konrad, M., Shrum, S., (2006). “CMMI: Guidelines for Process Integration and Product Improvement” (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley Professional.
Clemen, R. T., and Reilly, T., (2004) “Making Hard Decisions”, Duxbury Thomson Learning, CA, United States.
Collofello, J., Rus., I., Houston, D., Sycamore, D., Mith-Daniels, D., (1998), “A system Dynamics Software Process Simulator for Staffing Policies Decision Support”. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences, pp. 103-111, Kohala Coast, Estados Unidos.
Costa, H. R., Barros, M., O., Travassos, G., H., (2004). Software Project Risk Evaluation Based on Specific and Systemic Risks. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.
Farias, L. L., (2002), Planejamento de Riscos em Ambientes de Desenvolvimento de Software Orientados à Organização, Dissertação de Mestrado, COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fenton, N., Marsh, W.. Neil, M., Cates, P., Forey, S., Tailor, M., (2004), Making Resource Decisions for Software Projects. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering.
Figueiredo, S. M. (2006). Apoio à Tomada de Decisão no Processo de Solução Técnica em Ambientes de Desenvolvimento de Software Orientados à Organização. Dissertação de Mestrado COPPE/UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro, 2006.
Finnie, G. R., Wittig, G. E. and Desharnais, J. M., (1997), “Estimating software development effort with case-based reasoning”. 2nd Intl. Conf. on Case Based Reasoning. pp13-22.
Gigerenzer, G., Selten, R., (2002), “Bounded Rationality, the adaptive toolbox”, MIT Press.
Gomes, L. F. A. M.; Araya, M. C. G.; Carignano, C., (2004) “Tomada de Decisões em Cenários Complexos”. Ed. Thompson, SP.
Hoffmann, H., (1997), “A Decision Support System for Selection of Software Engineering Technologies Based on Models of their Application Domains”, Fraunhofer IESE, Germany.
ISO/IEC, (2003), The International Organization for Standardization and The International Electrotechnical Commission, ISO/IEC 15504 - Software Process Assessment.
ISO/IEC, (2004), The International Organization for Standardization and The International Electrotechnical Commission ISO/IEC 12207 – Software life clycle processes – Amendment 2.
Jensen, F. V., (1996) “An introduction to Bayesian Networks”, UCL Press.
Klein, G., Weitzenfeld, J., (1978) “Improvements of skills for solving ill defined problems”. Educational Psychologist 13:13-41.
Klein, G., (1999), “Sources of Power: How people make decisions”, MIT Press, Massachussets, USA.
Lipshitz, R., Bar-Ilan, O., (1996), “How problems are solved: Reconsidering the phase theorem”. Organiaztional Behavior and Human Decision Process, 65, 48-60.
Meehan, B. and Richerdson, I., (2002), “Identification of Software Process Knowledgement”. Software Process Improvement and Praactice.
Nonaka, I., (1994), “A dynamic theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation”. Organizations Science, vol. 5, p. 14-37.
Ostertag, E., et al., (1992), “Computing similarity in a reuse library system: an AIbased approach. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering Methodology 1(3): pp205-228.
Raffo, D., Harrison, W., Vandeville, J., (2002), “Software Process Decision Support: Making Process Tradeoffs Using Hybrid Metrics, Modeling and Utility Framework”. In Proceedings of the SEKE 2002, pp. 803-809, Ischia, Itália.
Reitman, W. R., (1965), “Cognition and Thought”. New York: Wiley.
Rodrigues, M. R., (2000), “Desenvolvimento e Implementação de um Protótipo de Ferramenta para a Reutilização de Planos de Mensuração Utilizando Raciocino Baseada em Casos”, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
Ruhe G., (2003), “Guest Editor's Introduction”, International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Vol. 13, No. 5.
Rus I., Ilalling M., and Biffl S., (2003), “Supporting Decision Making in Software Engineering with Process Simulation and Empirical Studies”. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Learning Software Organizations, Chicago.
Santos, G., Montoni, M., Rocha, A.R., Figueiredo, S., Mafra, S., Albuquerque, A., Diaz P., B., Amaral, M., (2005). “Using a Software Development Environment with Knowledge Management to Support Deploying Software Processes in Small and Medium Size Companies”, 7th Int. Workshop on Learning Software Organizations (LSO' 2005), Kaiserslautern, Alemanha, Apr.
Schank, R. C., (1982), “Dynamic Memory: A theory of reminding and learning in computers and people”, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
SOFTEX, (2007), "MPS.BR – Melhoria de Processo do Software Brasileiro, Guia de Implementação Parte 5 (v1.1)". In: http://www.softex.br/mpsbr/_guias/default.asp.
Souza, M. P., (2002) “Identificação de Características Relevantes para reutilização de experiências de desenvolvimento de software”. Dissertação de Mestrado da UFSC – Engenharia de Produção.
Ullman, D. e D’ambrosio B., (1995), A Taxonomy for Classifying Engineering Decision Problems and Support Systems, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacturing, AI EDAM #9, pp. 427-438.
Wangenheim, C. G., Wangenheim, A., Barcia, R. M., (1998), “Case-Based Reuse of Software Engineering Measurement Plans”. In Proceedings of the 10th Int. Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.
Wildman, P. and Warner, J, (2003) “The problem solving decision-making toolkit”, HRD Press, Amherst , Massachusetts .
Publicado
02/06/2008
Como Citar
COSTA, Hélio R.; VIEIRA, Gustavo B.; LEITE, Luiz Claudius Coelho F.; ROCHA, Ana Regina.
Desenvolvimento de um Ambiente de Apoio à Tomada de Decisões em Projetos de Software. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE QUALIDADE DE SOFTWARE (SBQS), 7. , 2008, Florianópolis.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2008
.
p. 91-105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sbqs.2008.15537.
