Jarasandha: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Legendary king}} |
{{short description|Legendary king, son of Brihadratha and brother of Shashirekha}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} |
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Revision as of 08:02, 12 November 2022
| Jarasandha | |
|---|---|
 Jarasandha fighting with Balarama, shown multiple times in the picture | |
| Information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Family |
|
| Children | Sahadeva and Jayatsen (sons) Asti and Prapti (daughters, wives of Kamsa) |
| Kingdom | Magadha |
| Predecessor | Brihadratha |
| Successor | Sahadeva |
| Weapon | Gada |
| Dynasty | Brihadratha dynasty |
Jarasandha was a powerful king of Magadha, a minor antagonist in Mahabharata. He was the son of king Brihadratha, the founder of the Barhadratha dynasty of Magadha. According to popular lore, the descendants of Brihadratha ruled Magadha for 2600 years followed by Pradyota Dynasty and the Haryanka dynasty. He is mentioned in the Mahabharata and the Vayu Purana. He is also mentioned as the ninth pratinarayana[further explanation needed] in the Jain text Harivamsa Purana. Jarasandha decided to marry his sister Shashirekha to Duryodhana, if not Duryodhana, Dushasana, if not Dushasana, Kichaka. But his sister, Shashirekha declined it and married Dhrishtadhyumna. All the Kauravas were mesmerized by her beauty but Shashirekha rejected all the Kauravas and married Dhrishtadyumna. Seeing this,Jarasandha got angry. Duryodhana, to make Shashirekha his wife, asked Dushasana to abduct her.
Etymology
The word Jarasandha has been explained as a combination of two Sanskrit words: jara (जरा) and sandha (सन्ध), "joining". A demoness Jara picked the two halves of Jarasandha together after finding them near a tree. When the two halves came together, a boy was formed and cried loudly. Jara carried the son and returned it to the King. In return for saving Brihadratha's son, he was named Jarasandha after her. The meaning of Jarasandha is "the one who is joined by Jara".[1][2]
Birth and early life
Jarasandha's father, King Brihadratha, was married to the twin daughters of the king of Kashi. Brihadratha loved both his wives equally but had no sons. The sage Chandakaushika visited his kingdom and gave fruit to the king as a boon. The king divided the fruit equally between both of his wives. Soon, both wives became pregnant and gave birth to two halves of a human body.[3] These two lifeless halves were very horrifying to view, so Brihadratha ordered to be thrown in the forest. A demoness named Jara found the two halves and picked up one with her right hand, one with her left, holding each piece in her palm. When she brought both of her palms together, the two pieces joined, becoming a living child. The child cried loudly, which caused Jara to panic. Not having the heart to eat a living child, Jara took the baby to the king and explained to him all that had happened. The father was overjoyed to see his son.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). Jarasandha attacked Mathura with an army of 23 Akshohinis[citation needed], but Krishna and Balarama somehow managed the whole army of Jarasandha and his allies. Jarasandha attacked Mathura 17 times and was defeated by Krishna, and who due to the story given below got an epithet Ranchhod (रणछोड़) meaning the one who left the battle field.[4]
During the 18th attack, the Yavana king Kalayavana also attacked Mathura with a huge army. Kalyavana had a boon to never die on a battle field, so Lord Krishna challenged him to a duel. While fighting, Krishna lures him into a mountain where the great king Machakunda lay asleep. Machakunda had left his kingdom to help the devas in a great war against the asuras, he stayed and protected svargaloka for 1 year until the asuras were finally defeated. Indra tells Machakunda to ask a boon as they can grant him anything but Machakunda says that he doesn't want anything as helping them was his pleasure and that he just wants to return home, Indra sadly replies that though only 1 year has passed in svarga 360 years have passed on earth and that all of his family had died. Machakunda was saddened and asked him for eternal sleep, so Indra grants him the boon that anybody who distubs his sleep would turn to ashes. Krishna knew that Machhakunda was sleeping on the mountain but Kalayavana didn't, so when Krishna finds Machakunda he covers him with a shawl that Krishna was wearing. Kalayavana upon seeing a sleeping man covered with Krishna's shawl thought that Krishna was pretending to sleep in order to escape him, as it's against the rules of war to attack a sleeping man. Kalayavana kicks him to make him stand up which wakes up Machakunda and from his eyes great flames erupt causing Kalayavana to burn up and as he was not on the battlefield he died without violating his boon. Krishna then grants Machakunda Moksha or freedom from the cycle of death and rebirth.
Jarasandha keeps attacking Mathura and eventually Krishna orders Vishwakarma, the builder god to craft a magnificent city near the sea which is done overnight, then Krishna transports the entire population of Mathura to the new city which was named Dwarika. When Jarasandha attacks again he sets the city of Mathura ablaze, Krishna and Balarama merely use there powers to go to Dwarika unscathed.
Jarasandha thinks that Krishna has died and returns to his own land. But in a short while, when Jarasandha was sitting in Dratharashtras court learns that Krishna has only changed the capital.
Later life and death
In the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata, Jarasandha fought with Karna after the swayamvara of daughter (Bhanumati) of Chitrangada. After a tough fight, Karna defeated him. To please Karna, Jarasandha gifted him the land of Malini to rule.[5][6]
He was also a major hurdle before emperor Yudhishthira when the latter decided to perform an offering. As Jarasandha was a powerful warrior, it was necessary for the Pandavas to eliminate him. Krishna, Bhima and Arjuna disguised as brahmins traveled to Magadha and met Jarasandha. After a formal meeting, Jarasandha enquired about their intentions. Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna revealed their actual identities. Krishna then challenged Jarasandha for a duel and gave him the freedom to choose any one belligerent. Jarasandha selected Bhima for a duel. Both Bhima and Jarasandha were accomplished wrestlers. The duel continued for several days and neither of them was willing to give up. After along battle, Jarasandha grew tired. Krishna then hinted Bhima that when fatigued, a person might die if pressed too hard. Bhima understood Krishna's hint, lifted Jarasandha in the air and pressed his knee against Jarasandha's backbone, killing him instantly.[7]
Jarasandha's son Sahadeva (not to be confused with the youngest Pandava) was placed on the throne of Magadha and he agreed to be a vassal to the Pandavas. He was killed in the Kurukshetra war by Shakuni along with his cousin, Jayadeva.
References
Citations
- ^ "Jarasandha was a very powerful king of Magadha, and the history of his birth and activities is also very interesting - Vaniquotes". vaniquotes.org. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
- ^ "Mahabharat Episode 28: Jarasandha – Born Divided". sadhguru.org. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ^ Gokhale, Namita (21 January 2013). The Puffin Mahabharata. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-415-7.
- ^ Gitananda, Swami. Srimad Bhagavata: The Book of Divine Love. Advaita Ashrama (A publication branch of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math). ISBN 978-81-7505-837-8.
- ^ Mani, Vettam (1975). Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature. Robarts - University of Toronto. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass. p. 346.
- ^ Mani, Vettam (1 January 2015). Puranic Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Work with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0597-2.
- ^ The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (5th ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. 1990 [1970]. ISBN 9788121500944.
Besides this the Jarasandha had a gifted boon that whenever his body is ripped into two pieces, the two pieces will attach immediately how much how the distance they are thown apart. Initially, the Bhima tried to kill him by splitting the body but in vain as they were attaching instantly again. So, Krishna gave a hint symbolically with a hay fiber to throw the body parts in mutually opposite diections so that they won't attach again and this was exactly followed by Bhima.
Sources
- Gibbs, Laura. Ph.D. Jarasandha Modern Languages MLLL-4993. Indian Epics.
- Dowson, John (1820–1881). A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history, and literature. London: Trübner, 1879 [Reprint, London: Routledge, 1979]. ISBN 0-415-24521-4
- Original Mahabharata by Shri Ved Vyasa
- Gita press, Gorakhpur edition of Mahābhārata
- Ramanand Sagar's "SHRI KRISHNA" serial
- MRITYUNJAY-the story of Karna.
External links
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