Inferior cervical ganglion

Inferior cervical ganglion
Inferior cervical ganglion
	Diagram of the cervical sympathetic. ("Lower cervical ganglion" labeled at bottom right.)
	Plan of right sympathetic cord and splanchnic nerves. (Inferior cervical ganglion labeled at upper right.)
Details
Innervates	Thyroid
Identifiers
Latin	ganglion cervicale inferius
TA98	A14.3.01.019
TA2	6611
FMA	6961
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The inferior cervical ganglion is one of the three cervical sympathetic ganglia (i.e. of the cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk).^[1] It is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery.^{[citation needed]}

It is often united with the first (and sometimes the second^[2]) thoracic ganglion to form the cervicothoracic ganglion (stellate ganglion).^[3]^[2]

Anatomy

The inferior cervical ganglion is irregularly shaped. It is substantially larger than the middle cervical ganglion (but smaller than the superior cervical ganglion). As the sympathetic trunk curves posteriorly between the neck and thorax, this ganglion is oriented in a nearly anteroposterior axis.^[3]

The ganglion is presumed to represent the union of the cervical segmental sympathetic ganglia C7-C8 and the thoracic segmental sympathetic ganglia T1, but sometimes up to T4 as well - the T1 ganglion may or may not be separate to leave a distinct inferior cervical ganglion.^[3] The gray rami communicantes of the inferior cervical ganglion join the cervical nerves C7-C8.^{[citation needed]}

Relations

The ganglion is situated posterior to the commencement of the vertebral artery.^[3]

Communicating cords

The inferior cervical ganglion and middle cervical ganglion are connected by two (an anterior one and a posterior one) or more highly variable cords. The posterior cord typically splits to surround the vertebral artery; the anterior cord loops around the subclavian artery, forming the ansa subclavia.^[3]

Branches

The inferior cervical ganglion gives off two branches:^{[citation needed]}

The Inferior cardiac nerve
offsets to blood vessels form plexuses on the subclavian artery and its branches. The plexus on the vertebral artery is continued on to the basilar, posterior cerebral, and cerebellar arteries. The plexus on the inferior thyroid artery accompanies the artery to the thyroid gland, and communicates with the recurrent and external laryngeal nerves, with the superior cardiac nerve, and with the plexus on the common carotid artery.

Development

It is probably formed by the coalescence of two ganglia which correspond to the seventh and eighth cervical nerves.^{[citation needed]}

Additional images

The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses.

References

^ Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. pp. 600–601. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b "inferior cervical ganglion - Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine". www.academie-medecine.fr. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.

External links

Anatomy photo:31:07-0200 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Sympathetic Trunk and Cervical Ganglia"

[:224-1] Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. pp. 600–601. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[:0-2] "inferior cervical ganglion - Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine". www.academie-medecine.fr. Retrieved 2024-05-24.

[:022-3] Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.

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