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Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital
[edit]Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital is one of the oldest maternity hospitals in Europe, founded in 1739 in London. Until October 2000,[1] it occupied a site at 339–351 Goldhawk Road, Hammersmith, but is now located between East Acton and White City, adjacent to the Hammersmith Hospital. It is managed by the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Today, the hospital is very active in both maternal medicine and research.
History
[edit]The hospital strictly dates its foundation to 1739 when Sir Richard Manningham established a hospital of lying-in beds in a 17-room house on Jermyn Street.[2] ("Lying-in" is an archaic term for childbirth, in reference to the period of bedrest expected of mothers in their postpartum confinement.) This hospital was called the General Lying-in Hospital, and it was the first of its kind in Britain. In 1752 the hospital relocated from Jermyn Street to Marylebone Road and became one of the first teaching institutions.[3][a] On 10 January 1782 a licence was granted to the hospital charity by the Justices of the County of Middlesex (at that time a legal requirement for all maternity hospitals).[5]
In 1809 the Duke of Sussex persuaded his mother, Queen Charlotte, the wife of King George III, to become patron of the hospital: it became, at that time, the Queen's Lying-in Hospital.[6] The queen held an annual ball to raise funds for the hospital. The medical center moved to the Old Manor House at Lisson Green in Marylebone in 1813[7] where it was completely rebuilt to a design by Charles Hawkins in 1856.[8] Queen Victoria granted a Royal Charter to the hospital in 1885.[9] It was renamed Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital and Midwifery Training School in 1923.[10][11]
Maternal death was a common occurrence in London throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, especially among healthy young women who were in good health prior to their pregnancies.[12] For more than a century, the maternal death rate was used to measure the effectiveness of maternity services and treatment.[12] One specific cause of maternal death, postpartum infection (then known as childbed fever, and now also as puerperal sepsis), was referred to as the doctor's plague, because it was more common in hospitals than in home births. Once the method of transmission was understood in 1931, an isolation block was created in Goldhawk Road.[10] The rest of the maternity hospital moved to Goldhawk Road to co-locate with the isolation block in 1940.[10]
In 1948, following the creation of the National Health Service, the hospital linked up with the Chelsea Hospital for Women to form a combined teaching school.[10] The Chelsea Hospital for Women moved from Fulham Road to share the site under the new title Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital in 1988.[10] In 2000 the hospital moved to Du Cane Road, next to the Hammersmith Hospital.[10]
Facilities
[edit]The hospital has a specialist "maternal medicine" unit for London, recognising that a need existed for specialist care to be offered to pregnant women who suffered from pre-existing medical conditions, or conditions that developed during pregnancy, whose treatment might impact upon the pregnancy. The unit is known as the de Swiet Obstetric Medicine Centre, and is currently housed in a small suite of rooms on the second floor of the Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital.[13]
The maternal medicine unit is separated into two distinct areas: a labour ward and a birth centre.[14] The delivery suites in the labour ward offer women a more traditional childbirth experience, while the birth centre strives to create a more "homely" environment.[14] The labour ward is a much larger unit with 18 labour rooms, conducting approximately 5,700 births between April 2016 and April 2017.[14] Women giving birth in this ward have access to epidurals during their birth. The birth centre is a smaller ward, with seven birthing rooms available for use. Approximately 1,030 births occurred in this centre between April 2017 and April 2018.[14] In the birth centre, the primary aim is conducting a natural birth that lacks medical aid. These births take place using birth pools and do not utilize epidural shots. Infants born in both the labour ward and birth centre have access to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).[14]
In addition to the birth center, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital also offers a relatively new program called the "Jentle Midwifery" scheme.[15] This birth program ensures that the mother receives personalized, one-on-one care for the duration of her pregnancy, during labour, and up to four weeks after giving birth. Women who participate in this program receive care from the same midwife for the duration of their childbirth experience. The program is described as an alternative to the standard National Health Service (NHS) birthing options as well as private pay-for-treatment services.[15] In the program's first year, 74 women registered for the "Jentle Midwifery" scheme, bringing in over £160,000 for the hospital.
Research
[edit]In 2016 the hospital partnered with Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriages, an organization that provides financial support for research on birth complications. This partnership established a miscarriage clinic at the hospital, which provides medical treatment for women who are participating in a research study related to miscarriages.[16] The goal of this initiative is to reduce the number of miscarriages by 50% by the year 2030 through better understanding of what causes miscarriages.[16] Tommy's created a pledge to research genetic causes of miscarriages, bacteria in miscarriages, and risk indicators of miscarriage during the first five years of the program.[17]
An additional 2016 initiative attempted to prevent cot death and reduce the infant mortality rate in the United Kingdom.[18] Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital sent 800 families home with foam mattresses inside of cardboard boxes for their newborn children. These boxes, popular in Finland, are designed to stop infants from rolling onto their stomachs, which induces sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).[18]
Today, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital is the home of several ongoing research projects through the Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust.[19] The hospital is one of five teaching and research hospitals in London included in the Imperial Healthcare Trust. Research projects include essential tremor thalamotomy, Parkinson's dyskinesia pallidotomy, ablation of rectal and other pelvic cancers, uterine fibroid ablation, and drug delivery for oncology.[19]
Transport
[edit]The hospital is accessible by public transport; the nearest bus stops are "Wulfstan Street" and "Hammersmith Hospital"; the nearest tube station is East Acton (Central Line).[20]
Notable births at the hospital
[edit]Notable births include:
- Mischa Barton, actress[21]
- Sebastian Coe, athlete[22]
- Benedict Cumberbatch, actor[23]
- Danny Kustow(1955-2019), pop musician[24]
- Dame Helen Mirren, actress (who in 1994 portrayed the hospital's namesake in The Madness of King George)[25]
- Daniel Radcliffe, actor[26]
- Zak Starkey, pop musician[27]
- Graeme K Talboys, author[28]
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- ^ Google Earth imagery shows the site being demolished in September 2000.
- ^ "Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital". AIM25. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ "History". Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ Ryan, p.1-18
- ^ Ryan, p. 2
- ^ Ryan, p. 12
- ^ Ryan, p. 20
- ^ Ryan, p. 28
- ^ Ryan, p. 40
- ^ a b c d e f "Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital". Lost hospitals of London. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ "The National Archives | Search the archives | Hospital Records| Details". www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
- ^ a b Chamberlain, Geoffrey (2006-11). "British maternal mortality in the 19th and early 20th centuries". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 99 (11): 559–563. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC PMCPMC1633559. PMID 17082299.
{{cite journal}}: Check|pmc=value (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Maternal medcine Archived 3 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b c d e "The Delivery Suite, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital - Which?". Which? Birth Choice. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
- ^ a b Atkins, Lucy (2006-01-19). "What price for a perfect delivery?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
- ^ a b London, Main campus address: Imperial College; Campus, South Kensington; SW7 2AZ, London; maps, tel: +4420 7589 5111 Campus; in, information | About this site | This site uses cookies | Report incorrect content | Log. "First National Miscarriage Research Centre opens at Imperial | Imperial News | Imperial College London". Imperial News. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "National Centre for Miscarriage Research officially opens". www.birmingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
- ^ a b "Hospitals in England are adopting one of Finland's best ideas". The Independent. 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
- ^ a b "Research Site Profile: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust - Focused Ultrasound Foundation". www.fusfoundation.org. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
- ^ "Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital". Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ "Hellomagazine.com". Hellomagazine.com. 24 January 1986. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
- ^ "Coe, Sebastian (Part 1 of 4). An Oral History of British Athletics - Sport - Oral history | British Library". Sounds. 29 September 1956. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ Culbertson, Alix (5 November 2014). "Kensington heartthrob Benedict Cumberbatch gets engaged to Hammersmith girlfriend". Ealing Gazette. Trinity Mirror. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ Birth announcement for Danny Kustow, 'Births, Marriages & Deaths', 'British Medical Journal', 21 May 1955, P.1293. https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/1/4924/local/admin.pdf
- ^ "'Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren". The Independent. 20 January 2017.
- ^ Blackhall, Sue (2014). Daniel Radcliffe - The Biography. John Blake Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 9781784182410.
- ^ "Zak Starkey". Truth About the Beatles' Girls. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
- ^ "FreeBMD Entry Info". www.freebmd.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
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