User:Volorik/Timeline of the Venetian Republic

The Timeline of the Venetian Republic is as follows:

• 421 – Venice is Founded
  • Friday, 25 March: According to legend, three consuls were sent out from Padua to establish a trading-post on the islands of the Rialto and built a church dedicated to St. James
• 452 – Attila the Hun sacks Aquileia
• 466 – Representatives of the island communities met in Grado to work out a rudimentary system of self-government through tribunes elected annually by each of them
• 476 – Fall of the Roman Empire by Odoacer
• 493 – Odoacer is overthrown by Theodoric
• 535 – Byzantine Emperor Justinian launched his campaign for the re-conquest of Italy
• 539 – Ravenna falls and the provinces of Venetia and Istria belong to the Byzantine Empire
• 568 – Lombard invasion of Italy under King Alboin. Great numbers of refugees flee to the lagoons
  • Bishop Paul of Altino “heard a voice from heaven” commanding him to climb to the top of a nearby tower and look at the stars for the path to where he must lead his flock. They landed at the island of Torcello – “the little tower”
  • The people of Aquileia land on Grado
    • The See of Aquileia was traditionally founded by St. Mark, so its transferal was significant. The bishop bore the title of Patriarch of Grado
  • The people of Concordia land on Caorle
  • The people of Padua land on Malamocco
• 639 – Lombards capture Oderzo whose inhabitants flee to Cittanova which is renamed Heraclea in honor of the Byzantine Emperor
• 697 – According to legend, a general assembly of all the peoples of the lagoons were called to Heraclea by the [[Patriarch of Grado and elected a single ruler in place of the twelve tribunes – Paolo Lucio Anafesto – who was most probably Paul, the Exarch of Ravenna
• 712 – King Liutprand of the Lombards occupies Ravenna but looses it to the Byzantines
• 726 – Byzantine Emperor Leo III orders the destruction of icons
• 727 – Paul, Exarch of Ravenna is assassinated as is the provincial governor Marcellus who came into the legendary list of Doges as the second Doge.
  • Ursus (or Orso Ipato) from Heraclea is chosen as captain of the rebels for the lagoon and is given the title of “Dux”
    • Doge Orso Ipato is given the title “Ipato” or Consul by the Byzantine Emperor
• 737 – Death of Doge Orso Ipato and beginning of the five year “Interregnum”
• 742 – Teodato Ipato, Doge Orso Ipato’s son, is elected Doge of Venice and transfers his seat of government from Heraclea to Malamocco where he ruled as a sovereign ruler
• 751 – Fall of Ravenna by the Lombards under King Aistulf
  • The last Frankish, Merovingian monarch, Childeric III is deposed and the Carolingian Pepin the Short is elected King
• 753 – Pepin the Short, son of Charles Martel, invades Italy at the invitation of Pope Stephen II
• 755 – Doge Teodato Ipato is deposed and blinded by his successor, Doge Galla Gaulo
• 756 – Doge Galla Gaulo is deposed and blinded by Doge Domenico Monegario
• 764 – In order to maintain necessary good relations with the Byzantine Empire and the Franks, two tribunes were elected annually to limit ducal power. Doge Domenico Monegario becomes resentful of the two tribunes and is deposed, blinded, and exiled
  • Doge Maurizio Galbaio, a well-born Heraclean with claims to descent from the Emperor Galba is elected Doge
• 778 – Doge Maurizio Galbaio associated his son Giovanni with him in the Dogeship allowing him to succeed his father without popular sanction or the approval of his subjects

The Rialto Islands begin to be permanently settled, and on the island of Olivolo (now Castello), the church of Saints Bacchus and Sergius is reconsecrated as St. Peter and becomes the cathedral for Venice throughout the Republican era

• 787 – Doge Maurizio Galbaio dies and is succeeded by his son, Giovanni Galbaio
  • Doge Giovanni Galbaio appointed his sixteen year-old nephew Christopher bishop of Olivolo, but when the Patriarch of Grado refused to consecrate hima flotilla of ships were sent to attack Grado, and there the elderly Patriarch of Grado was thrown to his death from a tower. The new Patriarch of Grado, Fortunatus flees in exile to the court of Charlemagne at Aachen
• 803 – Opposition to the Galbaii family forced Doge Giovanni Galbaio, with his son Maurizio and nephew Christopher to flee to Mantua
• 804 - Obelerio degli Antenori is elected Doge and immediately associates his son, Beato to the Dogeship
  • The exiled Patriarch of Grado, Fortunatus, returned to Venice from the court of Charlemagne at Aachen and offered to put Venetia under the protection of the Franks if he was reinstated. Doge Obelerio degli Antenori did so
• 805 – Doge Obelerio degli Antenori and his son Beato did homage to Charlemagne in Aachen on Christmas Day 805. Doge Obelerio degli Antenori chose a Frankish bride, the first Dogaressa
• 809 – A Byzantine fleet landed in the Venetian lagoon and attacked a Frankish flotilla at Comacchio but was defeated. Doge Obelerio degli Antenori and Beato then raised their other brother Valentino to the Dogeship alongside them. The people rose up and called upon King Pepin of Italy
• 810 – King Pepin of Italy besieged Venice; the siege lasted six months and Pepin's army was ravaged by the diseases of the local swamps and was forced to withdraw. A few months later Pepin died
  • The Doge was deposed, and Agnello Participazio, who had defended Venice from the beginning, was elected Doge
  • Former Doge Obelerio degli Antenori spent the next two decades in exile in Constantinople but returned in 832 with a band of faithful men to reclaim the Dogeship. He landed at Vigilia, near Malamocco, but the legitimate Doge, Giovanni Participazio, razed the two cities and killed Obelerio degli Antenori displaying his head in the market
• 811 – Agnello Participazio was elected to the Dogeship. His Rialtine house on the Campiello della Cason became the first Doge's Palace in Venetian history and he soon began expanding it in stone
• 827 - Giustiniano Participazio is elected Doge
• 829 - Giovanni I Participazio arrested, and tonsured (head shaved like monk)
• 837 - Pietro Gradonico assassinated, although in this case his successor arrested and executed the assassins
• 841 – The Republic of Venice sent a fleet of 60 galleys (each carrying 200 men) to assist the Byzantines in driving the Arabs from Crotone, but failed
• 864 - Orso I Participazio is elected Doge
• 881 - Giovanni II Participazio resigned due to poor health
• 887 - Pietro I Candiano is killed in open battle while invading the Narentines
• 888 - Pietro Tribuno is elected Doge
• 912 - Orso II Participazio is elected Doge
• 932 - Pietro II Candiano is elected Doge
• 939 - Pietro Participazio is elected Doge
• 942 - Pietro III Candiano is elected Doge
• 959 - Pietro IV Candiano is locked in his palace with his son while it burned.
• 976 - Pietro I Orseolo resigned to become a Camaldolese hermit in Abbey of Sant Miguel de Cuxa in the Pyrenees
• 978 - Vitale Candiano is elected Doge
• 979 - Tribuno Memmo is elected Doge
• 991 - Pietro II Orseolo gave the majority of his wealth to the poor and the Church, and retired to a monastery
• 1000 - An expedition of 6 ships in Istria secured the Venetian suzerainty in the area, and Slav pirates were suppressed permanently
• 1009 - Otto Orseolo arrested, beard shaved, and banished to Constantinople for nepotism. He was the father of King Peter Urseolo of Hungary.
• 1026 - Pietro Barbolano abdicated under heavy pressure to reinstate Otto Orseolo
• 1032 - Domenico Flabanico is elected Doge
• 1043 - Domenico Contarini is elected Doge
• 1071 - Domenico Selvo deposed peacefully to a monastery because of naval defeat, died three years later
• 1084 - Domenico Selvo had personally led a fleet against the Normans, but he was defeated and lost 9 great galleys, the largest and most heavily armed ships in the Venetian war fleet. He was deposed the same year by popular revolt
• 1084 - Vitale Faliero is elected Doge
• 1096 - Vitale I Michiel is elected Doge
• 1102 - Ordelafo Faliero is elected Doge
• 1110 - Ordelafo Faliero personally commanded a Venetian fleet of 100 ships to assist Baldwin I of Jerusalem in capturing the city of Sidon
• 1117 - Domenico Michele is elected Doge
• 1130 - Pietro Polani is elected Doge
• 1148 - Domenico Morosini is elected Doge
• 1156 - Vital II Michele is elected Doge
• 1172 - Sebastiano Ziani is elected Doge
• 1178 - Orio Mastropiero is elected Doge
• 1182 – An anti-Western riot in Constantinople breaks out, and the Venetians were the main targets
• 1183 – The Dalmatian city of Zadar (now Zara) rebelled against Venetian rule
• 1192 - Enrico Dandolo is elected Doge
• 1204 – The City of Constantinople is sacked by Venice while returning from the Fourth Crusade
• 1205 - Pietro Ziani is elected Doge
• 1229 - Jacopo Tiepolo is elected Doge
• 1249 - Marino Morosini is elected Doge
• 1252 - Reniero Zeno is elected Doge
• 1268 - Lorenzo Tiepolo is elected Doge
• 1275 - Jacopo Contarini is elected Doge
• 1280 - Giovanni Dandolo is elected Doge
• 1289 - Pietro Gradenigo is elected Doge
• 1295 - Pietro Gradenigo sent a fleet of 68 ships to attack a Genoese fleet at Alexandretta
• 1299 - Pietro Gradenigo sent a fleet of 100 ships to attack the Genoese
• 1311 - Marino Zorzi is elected Doge
• 1312 - Giovanni Soranzo is elected Doge
• 1328 - Francesco Dandolo is elected Doge
• 1339 - Bartolomeo Gradenigo is elected Doge
• 1342 - Andrea Dandolo is elected Doge
• 1350 - War breaks out with Genoa and lasts until 1381
• 1354 - Marino Faliero is elected Doge - convicted of treason, executed and condemned to “damnatio memoriae”
• 1355 - Giovanni Gradenigo is elected Doge
• 1356 - Giovanni Dolfin is elected Doge
• 1361 - Lorenzo Celsi is elected Doge
• 1363 – A colonial revolt breaks out in Crete that needed considerable military force and five years to suppress
• 1365 - Marco Cornaro is elected Doge
• 1367 - Andrea Contarini is elected Doge
• 1381 - War with Genoa ends. Initially defeated, the Venetians destroyed the Genoese fleet at the Battle of Chioggia and retained their prominent position in eastern Mediterranean affairs at the expense of Genoa
• 1382 - Michele Morosini is elected Doge
• 1382 - Antonio Venier is elected Doge
• 1400 - Michele Steno is elected Doge
• 1410 - Venice had a navy of 3,300 ships (manned by 36,000 men) and taken over most of Venetia, including such important cities as Verona and Padua
• 1413 - Tommaso Mocenigo is elected Doge
• 1423 - Francesco Foscari is elected Doge - forced to abdicate by the Council of Ten
• 1425 - War breaks out against Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan
• 1446 - The Republic fights another league, formed by Milan, Florence, Bologna and Cremona
• 1453 - May 29: Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, but Venice managed to maintain a colony in the city and some of the former trade privileges it had had under the Byzantines
• 1454 - The Ottoman Turks granted the Venetians their ports and trading rights
• 1457 - Pasquale Malipiero is elected Doge
• 1462 - Cristoforo Moro is elected Doge
• 1463 - The Venetian fortress of Argos was ravaged
• 1471 - Nicolo Tron is elected Doge
• 1473 - Nicolo Marcello is elected Doge
• 1474 - Pietro Mocenigo is elected Doge
• 1476 - Andrea Vendramin is elected Doge
• 1478 - Giovanni Mocenigo is elected Doge
• 1479 - January 24: a treaty of peace was finally signed with the Ottoman Turks. Venice had to cede Argo, Negroponte, Lemnos and Scutari, and pay an annual tribute of 10,000 golden ducati
• 1482 - Venice allied with Pope Sixtus IV in his attempt to conquer Ferrara, opposed to Florence, Naples, Milan and Ercole d'Este
• 1484 - The treaty of peace between Venice and the Ottoman Turks was confirmed by Mehmed II's successor, Bayezid II, with the pacific exchange of the islands of Zakynthos and Kefalonia between the two sides
• 1485 - Marco Barbarigo is elected Doge
• 1486 - Agostino Barbarigo is elected Doge
• 1499 - Venice allied itself with Louis XII of France against Milan, gaining Cremona
  • The Ottoman sultan moved to attack Lepanto by land, and sent a large fleet to support his offensive by sea
  • Antonio Grimani, more a businessman and diplomat than a sailor, was defeated in the sea Battle of Zonchio
• 1501 - Leonardo Loredan is elected Doge
• 1508 - Eager to take some of Venice's lands, all neighbouring powers joined in the League of Cambrai under the leadership of Pope Julius II
• 1509: Venice is engaged in various military endeavors
  • 14 May: Venice was crushingly defeated at the Battle of Agnadello, in the Ghiara d'Adda, marking one of the most delicate points of Venetian history. French and imperial troops were occupying the Veneto, but Venice managed to extricate herself through diplomatic efforts
  • July: Andrea Gritti recaptured Padua, successfully defending it against the besieging imperial troops. Spain and the Pope broke off their alliance with France, and Venice regained Brescia and Verona from France
• 1521 - Antonio Grimani is elected Doge
• 1523 - Andrea Gritti is elected Doge
• 1538 - Pietro Lando is elected Doge
• 1545 - Francesco Donato is elected Doge
• 1553 - Marcantonio Trivisan is elected Doge
• 1554 - Francesco Venier is elected Doge
• 1556 - Lorenzo Priuli is elected Doge
• 1559 - Girolamo Priuli is elected Doge
• 1563 - The population of Venice had dropped to about 168,000 people
• 1567 - Pietro Loredan is elected Doge
• 1570 - Alvise I Mocenigo is elected Doge
  • Venice, Spain and the Pope formed the Holy League, which was able to assemble a grand fleet of 208 galleys, 110 of which were Venetian. The Turkish fleet, equal in number to the allied one, had sailed up the Adriatic as far as Lesina, and then returned to Lepanto in the Gulf of Patras for provisions
• 1571 - The Christian fleet assembled at Messina encountered the Turkish fleet off Lepanto on 7 October. The Christians were victorious, and divided up 117 galleys captured from the Turks, but the Venetians gained no strategic advantage
• 1573 - The loss of Cyprus was ratified in the peace of 1573
• 1575 - The population of Venice was about 175,000 people
• 1577 - Sebastiano Venier is elected Doge
• 1578 - Nicolò da Ponte is elected Doge
• 1581 - The population of Venice was down to about 124,000 people
• 1585 - Pasqual Cicogna is elected Doge
• 1595 - Marino Grimani is elected Doge
• 1605 - Conflict between Venice and the Holy See began with the arrest of two members of the clergy who were guilty of petty crimes, and with a law restricting the Church's right to enjoy and acquire landed property. Venice is placed under interdict
• 1606 - [[Leonardo Donato is elected Doge
  • Papal interdict is lifted due to intercession by France
• 1612 - Marcantonio Memmo is elected Doge
• 1615 - Giovanni Bembo is elected Doge
• 1617 - The Spanish viceroy of Naples attempted to break Venetian dominance by sending a naval squadron to the Adriatic and failed
• 1618 - Nicolò Donato is elected Doge
  • Antonio Priuli is elected Doge
• 1623 - Francesco Contarini is elected Doge
• 1624 - Giovanni I Cornaro is elected Doge
• 1630 - Nicolò Contarini is elected Doge
  • A plague breaks out in Venice
• 1631 - Francesco Erizzo is elected Doge
  • The plague ends in Venice with 50,000 dead. As a votive offering for the city's deliverance from the pestilence, Venice builds a church to Our Lady of Health (Santa Maria della Salute)
• 1638 - While the Venetian fleet was cruising off Crete, a corsair fleet from Barbary consisting of 16 galleys from Algiers and Tunis entered the Adriatic
• 1646 - Francesco Molin is elected Doge
• 1645 - Beginning of the Cretan War between Venice and the Ottoman Turks. The war lasts until 1669
• 1647 - The Ottoman Turks lay siege to Sebenico, in today's Croatia, which was besieged in August-September but fail
• 1655 - Carlo Contarini is elected Doge
• 1656 - Francesco Cornaro is elected Doge
• 1656 - Bertuccio Valiero is elected Doge
• 1658 - Giovanni Pesaro is elected Doge
• 1659 - Domenico II Contarini is elected Doge
• 1666 - An expedition to retake Khania failed
• 1669 - An attempt to lift the siege of Candia with joint action on land with the French contingent and by sea under Mocenigo fails
  • End of the Cretan War
• 1674 - Nicolò Sagredo is elected Doge
• 1676 - Alvise Contarini is elected Doge
• 1683 - Marcantonio Giustinian is elected Doge
• 1684 - Venice, taking advance of the recent Turkish defeat in the siege of Vienna, formed an alliance with Austria against the Ottoman Turks
  • Morean War begins and will end in 1699
• 1688 - Francesco Morosini is elected Doge
• 1694 - Silvestro Valiero is elected Doge
• 1699 - Morean War ends
• 1700 - Alvise II Mocenigo is elected Doge
• 1709 - Giovanni II Cornaro is elected Doge
• 1714 - December: the Ottoman Turks declared war on the Republic of Venice
• 1718 - The Treaty of Passarowitz (21 July) – Austria made large territorial gains, but Venice lost the Morea, for which her small gains in Albania and Dalmatia were little compensation
• 1722 - Sebastiano Mocenigo is elected Doge
• 1732 - Carlo Ruzzini is elected Doge
• 1735 - Alvise Pisani is elected Doge
• 1741 - Pietro Grimani is elected Doge
• 1752 - Francesco Loredan is elected Doge
• 1762 - Marco Foscarini is elected Doge
• 1763 - Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo is elected Doge
• 1779 - Paolo Renier is elected Doge
• 1789 - Ludovico Manin is elected Doge
• 1796 - Prelude to the Fall of the Republic
  • The Republic of Venice could no longer defend itself since its war fleet numbered only 4 galleys and 7 galliots
  • French troops were occupying the Venetian state up to the Adige. Vicenza, Cadore and Friuli were held by the Austrians
• 1797 - The Fall of the Republic
  • April 9 - Napoleon threatened Venice with war
  • May 1 - Domenico Pizzamano fired on a French ship trying to force an entry from the Lido forts. Napoleon declared war
  • May 12 - The Maggior Consiglio approved a motion to hand over power "to the system of the proposed provisional representative government", although there was not a quorum of votes: 512 voted for, ten against, and five abstained
  • May 16 - The provisional municipal government met in the Hall of the Maggior Consiglio. The preliminaries of the Peace of Leoben were made even harsher in the Treaty of Campoformio, and Venice and all her possessions became Austrian.
  • October 18 - The accord was signed at Passariano, forcing Ludovico Manin to abdicate and thus ending the Republic of Venice