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This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 10 running from name Chamber to name Clarkson.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 10 Chamber - Clarkson. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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  1. ^ John Chamber or Chamberlayne (d. 1489), rebel; knight of influence in the north of England; hanged at York for spreading agitation in the north against payment of a subsidy to Henry VII.
  2. ^ John Chamber (1470–1549). See Chambre.
  3. ^ John Chamber (1546–1604), astronomer; B.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1668: fellow, 1669; M.A., 1573; studied medicine; fellow of Eton, 1682; canon of Windsor, 1601; wrote against astrology, 1601.
  4. ^ George Chamberlain or Chamberlayne (1676-1634), bishop of Ypres; of the Shirburn family; born at Ghent; educated at Rome; dean of St. Bavon, Ghent; bishop of Ypres, 1626-34.
  5. ^ John Chamberlain (1553–1627), letter-writer ; born in London; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1670; resided in or near London. His letters date from 1598 to 1626.
  6. ^ John Henry Chamberlain (1831–1883), architect;.-MI lit* 1 architecture in offices in Leicester and London vi.-i t 1 Italy: much employed in Birmingham and district Iroin I*.V; patron of the Birmingham school of art and other educational institutions.
  7. ^ Sir Leonard Chamberlain or Chamberlayne (d. 1561), governor of Guernsey; son of Sir Edward Chamberlayne (1484 V- 1543 V): keeper of Woodstock Park, 1543; obtained grants of church-lands, 1643: sheriff of Oxfordshire:ind Berkshire, 1647 and 1562; knighted, 1553; an officer of the Tower, 1649-53; M.P. for Scarborough, 1553, and for Oxfordshire, 1554: governor of Guernsey, 1553-61.
  8. ^ Robert Chamberlain (fl. 1640–1660), poet; a barrister's clerk; entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1637; published apophthegms and verses, 1638, a comedy entitlfd The Swaggering Damsell and jests, 1640.
  9. ^ Robert Chamberlain (fl. 1678), arithmetician; accountant, of London; published The Accomptant's Guide and A Plaine... Explanation of... Arithmetick 1679.
  10. ^ Robert Chamberlain (. 1798?), ceramist; employed at the Worcester porcelain works, 1751-83; started business as Chamberlain & Sou, Worcester, 1786.
  11. ^ Thomas Chamberlain or Chamberlayne (d. 1625), judge; barrister of Gray's Inn, 1585; serjeantat-law. 1614; knighted; a judge in North Wales, 1615; chief- justice of Chester, 1616-20; justice of the king's bench, 1620-4: temporary justice of the common pleas, 1625; chief-justice of Chester, 1624-5.
  12. ^ William Chamberlain (d. 1807), portrait and animal painter; a Londoner; pupil of John Opie; exhibited, 1794-1802.
  13. ^ John Chamberlaine (1745–1812), antiquary: keeper of the king's drawings, 1791; edited reproductions of drawings in the royal collection, 1792-1812.
  14. ^ Robert Chamberlane (d. 1638), theologian ; an Irishman; educated at Salamanca; Franciscan lecturer at Louvain; wrote theological tracts.
  15. ^ Sir Edward Chamberlayne (1484?–1543?), of Shirburn Castle, Oxfordshire; succeeded to his estates, 1497; keeper of Woodstock Park, 1508; served against France, 1512-14 and 1522; sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire, 1518; accompanied Henry VIII to France, 1620: M.P., Wallingford, 1529; attendant on Catherine of Arragon at Kimbolton, 1533-6.
  16. ^ Edward Chamberlayne (1616–1703), author ; of Odington, Gloucestershire; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1641; travelled, 1642-60; LL.D. Cambridge, 1671; D.O.L. Oxford, 1672; tutor to the Duke of Grafton, 1679, and to Prince George of Denmark; published 4 Angliae Notitiae, or the Present State of England 1669 (20th edition, 1702); published other pamphlets and translations,
  17. ^ Sir James Chamberlayne (d. 1699), third baronet, of Wickham, Oxfordshire; published sacred poems, 1680-1.
  18. ^ John Chamberlayne (1666–1723), miscellaneous writer; younger son of Edward Chamberlayne (1616-1703); educated at Oxford, 1685, and Leyden, 1688; usher to Queen Anne and George I; F.R.S., 1702; published a tract on Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate 1685; translated from French, Italian, and Dutch; continued his father's Present State of England; published 'Oratio Dominica the Lord's prayer in various languages, 1715.
  19. ^ William Chamberlayne (1619–1689), poet; physician at Shaftesbury, Dorset; published a play, entitledLove's Victory 1658, an epic poem entitled Pharonnida 1659, and congratulatory verses to Charles II, 1660.
  20. ^ Hugh Chamberlen, the elder (fl. 1720), man-midwife and projector; eldest son of Peter Chamberlen (1601-1683); accoucheur in London; translated Franco! * Maurieeau's text-book of midwifery, 1672; court physician, 1673; F.R.S., 1681; published Mauuale Medicum 1685; prosecuted for practising medicine without qualification, 1688; too late to witness the birth of the Prince of Wales, lf88; published bank scheme, 1690, and plan for paying doctors out of the taxes, 1694; withdiv.v to Scotland, Itlit; renewed his bank scheme there, 1700; published in favour of the union, 7(2; withdrew to Amsterdam: communicated the use of the midwifery forceps to Hendrik van Roonhuisen.
  21. ^ Hugh Chamberlen, the younger (1664–1728), physician; eldest son of Hugh Chamberleu the elder ; educated at Cambridge and Leyden; M.D.Cambridge, 1689; a fashionable London physician and accoucheur,
  22. ^ Paul Chamberlen (1635–1717), empiric: second son of Peter Chamberlen (1601-1683); accoucheur in London; invented Anodyne Necklace, an amulet for children teething and women in labour, recommending it in pamphlets.
  23. ^ Peter Chamberlen, the elder (d. 1631), surgeon; son of a Paris surgeon and protestant refugee; accoucheur at Southampton; learnt the use of the forceps in midwifery and made it a family secret; came to London, 1596; court accoucheur; prosecuted for practising medicine without qualification, 1612.
  24. ^ Peter Chamberlen, the younger (1572–1626), surgeon; younger brother of Peter Chamlerlen the elder ; born at Southampton; surgeon and accoucheur in London, 1600; prosecuted for practising medicine without qualification; advocated incorporation of London midwives, 1616.
  25. ^ Peter Chamberlen (1601–1683), physician and projector; son of Peter Ohamberlen the younger; educated at Merchant Taylors School and Cambridge; M.D. Padua, 1619; used the midwifery forceps, the family secret: F.R.C.P., 1628-49; advocated incorporation of London midwives, 1634; advocated public baths, 1648; for some time an anabaptist; physician to Charles II, 1660; published theological and other pamphlets.
  26. ^ Mason Chamberlin (d. 1787), portrait painter ; originally a merchant's clerk; exhibited in London, 17601787.
  27. ^ David Chambers, Lord Ormond (1530?–1592), Scottish judge; educated at Aberdeen; studied theology and law in France and Italy; parson of Buddy; chancellor of Ross; lord of session, with style of Lord Ormond, 1566; partisan of Mary Queen of Scots; privy to Darnley's murder, 1567; attended Mary Queen of Scots at Langside, 1568; attainted, 1568; withdrew to Spain and France; published, 1579, Abbrege des Histoires... a chronological summary of European history, with an appendix on Scotland: returned to Scotland, c. 1582; his attainder reversed, 1584; lord of session, 1586-92.
  28. ^ Ephraim Chambers (d. 1740), encyclopaxiist : apprenticed to a London map-maker; published his Cyclopaedia, or... Dictionary of Arts and Sciences 1728 (two volumes folio); visited France; translated French scientific treatises.
  29. ^ George Chambers (1803–1840), marine painter, went to sea, 1813; visited the Baltic and Mediterranean; house-painter at Whitby; scene-painter in London; exhibited pictures of naval battles.
  30. ^ John Chambers (d. 1556), first bishop of Peterborough; Benedictine monk at Peterborough; studied at Oxford and Cambridge; M.A. Cambridge, 1505; abbot of Peterborough, 1528; entertained Wolsey, 1630; surrendered Peterborough Abbey to the king, 1639; B.D. Cambridge, 1539; king's chaplain; bishop of Peterborough, 1541-56.
  31. ^ John Chambers (1780–1839), topographer ; trained as an architect; of ample private means; resided at Worcester, afterwards at Norwich; published histories of Worcestershire, 1819-20, and Norfolk, 1829.
  32. ^ John Charles Chambers (1817–1874), warden of the House of Charity; eldest sou of John Chambers (1780-1839); educated at Norwich school and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.A., 1843, curate of Sedbergh, Yorkshire, 1842; Anglican clergyman at Perth, 1846-55: vicar of St. Mary's, Soho, and warden of the 'House of Charity Soho, 1866-74; published sermons.
  33. ^ John Graham Chambers (1843–1883), athlete ami journalist: nt Eton, 1856; B.A. Trinity College, Cambri'1.v. 1;.":;i university nthletc and oarsnmn: patron of athletics: contributor to the Standard; editor of Land ami Water 1871-83.
  34. ^ Richard Chambers ( 1 588?–1658), London merchant: opposed levy of tonnage and poundage without junction of parliament, 1628; illegally imprisoned by the king, 1629-36: again imprisoned for resisting ship-money, 1836: voted compensation by parliament, but was never paid; alderman of London, 1642-9: surveyor of customs, London, 1648-9; imprisoned for refusing to recognise the Commonwealth, 1649-51; died poor.
  35. ^ Robert Chambers (1571–1624?), Roman catholic priest; born in Yorkshire; at Rheims, 1682; at Rome, 1593: confessor at Brussels, 1599-1623; died in England; published devotional tracts.
  36. ^ Sir Robert Chambers (1737–1803), Indian judge ; exhibitioner of Lincoln College, 1754, and fellow of University College, Oxford, 1761; B.O.L., 1766; Vinerian professor of law, 1762-77; friend of Dr. Samuel Johnson, 1766: principal of New Inn Hall, Oxford, 1766-1803; a judge of the supreme court of Bengal, 1774; showed great weakness in the trial of Nuucomar, 1776; knighted, 1778; chief-justice in Bengal, 1789-99; died in Paris. His collection of Sanskrit MSS. is now at Berlin,
  37. ^ Robert Chambers (1802–1871), publisher and author: educated at Peebles and in Edinburgh till 1816; clerk; opened bookstall, c. 1818: founded with his brother the publishing firm of W. fc R. Chambers, Edinburgh; attracted notice by his Traditions of Edinburgh 1823; wrote and issued a multitude of books on Scottish history, biography, and literature, 1824-67; established Chambers's Journal 1832; wrote and published, anonymously, Vestiges of Creation 1844; hon. LL.D. St. Andrews, 1861: compiled Book of Days, an antiquarian miscellany, 1862-4.
  38. ^ Sabine Chambers (1560?–1633), Jesuit; born in Leicestershire; M.A. Broadgates Hall, Oxford, 1583; joined Jesuits at Paris, 1587: theological lecturer at Dole: missioner in London, 1609-33; published devotional tracts.
  39. ^ Sir William Chambers (1726–1796), architect ; son of a Scottish merchant at Stockholm; supercargo on a Swedish ship sailing to China, 1742-4; studied architecture in Italy and Paris; settled as architect in London, 1765; employed at Kew Gardens, 1757-62; published 1 Treatise of Civil Architecture 1759; a Swedish knight, 1771; satirised for his ideas on Chinese gardening, 1772; designed Somerset House, 1775.
  40. ^ William Chambers (1800–1883), publisher and author; apprenticed to an Edinburgh bookseller, 1814; opened bookstall, 1819; joined with his brother Robert Chambers (1802-1871) in founding the publishing house of W. & R. Chambers, Edinburgh; issued a multitude of cheap educational works; issued Cbambers's Encyclopaedia 1859; published notes of travel, tales, tc.; lord provost of Edinburgh, 1866-9; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, 1872; presented a public library to Peebles; restored 8k Giles's, Edinburgh.
  41. ^ William Frederick Chambers (1786–1855), physician; born in India; came to England, 1 793; educated at Westminster School; M.A. Cambridge, 1811; M.D. Cambridge, 1818; studied medicine in London and Edinburgh; physician to St. George's Hospital, London, 1816-39; an eminent consulting physician; retired, 1848.
  42. ^ Sir Alan Chambré (1739–1823), judge; barrister, of Gray's Inn, 1767: recorder of Lancaster, 1796: serjeant-at-law, 1799; baron of the exchequer, 1799; justice of the common pleas, 1800-15.
  43. ^ John Chambre (1470–1549), physician; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1492: M.D. Padua, 1506; physician to Henry VII and Henry VIII: an original member of the College of Physicians, 1518; rector of Tichmarsh, Northamptonshire, 149U, of Great Bowden, Leicestershire, 1508, and of Aller, Somerset, 1622-49: prebendary of Lincoln, 1494-1649; warden of Merton College, 1525-44; dean of St. Stephen's, Westminster; M.D. Oxford, 1531.
  44. ^ William de Chambre (ft. 1365?), probable author of a Latin biography of Bishop Richard de Bury.
  45. ^ Anthony Chamier (1725–1780), friend of Samuel Johnson; born in London; of French extraction; government official: deputy secretary at war, 1772; under-secretary of state, 1775; M.P., Tamworth, 1778.
  46. ^ Frederick Chamier (1796–1870), novelist; entered navy, 1809; lieutenant, 1816; served, chiefly in Mediterranean, 1810-27; captain, 1856; published nautical novels, 1832-41, a continuation of James'sNaval History 1837, and notes of travel, 1849-55.
  47. ^ Anthony Champion (1725–1801), poet: educated at Eton, 1739, and Oxford, 1743; barrister of the Middle Temple; M.P. for St. Germans, 1754, and for Liskeard, 1761-8; wrote verses.
  48. ^ John George Champion (1815?–1854), botanist : ensign, 1831; served in the Ionian islands, Ceylon, and (1847-50) Hongkong; brought plants to England, 1850, and gave them to Kew herbarium; wounded at Inkermann, 1854; lieutenant-colonel; died at Scutari,
  49. ^ Joseph Champion (. 1762), calligrapher ; pupil of Charles Snell, penman; schoolmaster in London: published text-books of arithmetic and penmanship, 1733-62.
  50. ^ Richard Champion (1743–1791), ceramist; merchant's clerk in Bristol, 1762; commenced making china, 1768; manager of William Cookworthy's Bristol china works. 1770; carried on the works in his own name, 1773-81; a friend of Edmund Burke; government official, 1782-4; emigrated to Carolina.
  51. ^ Thomas Champion (d. 1619). See Campion.
  52. ^ Anthony Champney (1569?–1643?), controversialist; born in Yorkshire; studied at Rheims, 1590, and Rome, 1593: D.D. and fellow of the Sorbonne, Paris; vice-president and divinity lecturer at Douay, 1619-26; confessor at Brussels, 1626; returned to Douay, 1628; missioner In England; published controversial tracts, 1601-23; wrote against the validity of Anglican orders, 1616.
  53. ^ John Champney(fl. 1548), a London layman ; prosecuted by Archbishop Craumer for Calvlnistic opinions expressed in his published works.
  54. ^ John Champneys (rf. 1556), lord mayor of London; skinner, of London; lord mayor, 1534; knighted; became blind.
  55. ^ William Weldon Champneys (1807–1875), dean of Lichfield; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1824; M.A. and fellow, 1831; curate of St. Ebbe's, Oxford, 1831; rector of St. Mary's, Whltechapel, London, 1837-60; canon of St. Paul's, 1861; rector of St. Pancras, London, 1860; dean of Lichfleld, 1868-75; published sermons and religious biographies.
  56. ^ Richard Chancellor (d. 1556), navigator; sailed to the Levant, 1550; given command of a ship in Sir Hugh Willoughby's expedition to discover a north-east passage to India, 1558; reached Archangel; visited the Russian court at Moscow; sailed back from Archangel, 1564; revisited Archangel and Moscow, 1555; wrecked on the Aberdeenshire coast on his return.
  57. ^ Maurice Chancy or Chawney (d. 1581). See Chauncy.
  58. ^ Anne Chandler (1740–1814).
  59. ^ Benjamin Chandler (1737–1786), surgeon; practiced medicine at Canterbury; wrote on Inoculation, 1767, aud Apoplexies 1785.
  60. ^ Edward Chandler (1668?–1750), bishop of Durham; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1693; DD 1701- prebendary of Lichtield, 1697, Salisbury, 1703, and Worcester, 1706; bishop of Lichfleld, 1717; bishop of Durham, 1730-50; published sermous and controversial trea
  61. ^ Johanna Chandler (1820–1875), philanthropist ; sold work and collected subscriptions, 1856-9, to found a hospital for paralytics in London.
  62. ^ John Chandler (1700–1780), apothecary ; published medical tracts, 1729-61.
  63. ^ Chandler J. W. (rf. 1805?), portrait painter ; exhibited in London, 1787-91; removed to Aberdeenshire, 1800, and Edinburgh; died insane, e. 1805.
  64. ^ Maby Chandler (1687–1745), writer of a metrical Description o Bath(sixth edition, 1744); shopkeeper in Bath, 1705-44.
  65. ^ Richard Chandler (rf. 1744), printer and bookseller; in partnership with Caesar Ward in London, York, and Scarborough, published The History... of the House of Commons.. to 1743 (fourteen volumes), 1742-4; failed; committed suicide.
  66. ^ Richard Chandler (1738–1810), classical antiquary and traveller; educated at Winchester; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1757, and fellow, 1770; M.A., 1761; D.D., 1773; published fragments of the Greek lyriste, 1759, and Marmora Oxoniensia 1763; travelled, for the Dilettanti Society, in Asia Minor and Greece, 1764-6; published his results in Ionian Antiquities 1769, Inscriptiones Antiquae 1774, and Travels 1775-6; vicar of East Worldham, Hampshire, 1779, and of Tilehurst, Berkshire, 1800-10; travelled in Switzerland and Italy, 1785-7; publishal History of Ilium 1802; wrote 'The Life of (bishop) Waynflete(published 1811).
  67. ^ Samuel Chandler (1693–1766), theologian; educated at Gloucester and Leyden; minister of a presbyterian congregation at Peckham, 1716; bookseller; nonconformist minister at the Old Jewry, 1726-66; hon. D.D. Edinburgh; published pamphlets against deism, 1725-62, and against Roman Catholicism, 1732-45, as well as other controversial tracts and sermons.
  68. ^ Barons Chandos . See BRYDGES, SIR JOHN, first Baron 1490?–1556 ; BRYDGES, GREY, fifth BARON, 1579?1621; BRYDGES, GEORGE, sixth BARON, rf. 1655.
  69. ^ Duke of Chandos (1673–1744). See James Brydges.
  70. ^ Sir John Chandos (d. 1370), soldier : present at the siege of Cambrai, 1337, and the battle of Crecy, 1346; K.G., c. 1349; saved the Black Prince's life at Poitiers, 1356; granted lands in Lincolnshire and the Coutantin; Edward Ill's lieutenant in France, 1360; constable of Guiciinc, 1362; won the battle of Auray, Brittany, 1364; fought at Navarette, Spain, 1367; withdrew from Gtiiennc, 1368: recalled, 1368; seneschal of Poitiers, 1369; died of his wounds at Mortemer.
  71. ^ Sir John Chandos (d. 1428), of Herefordshire.
  72. ^ Sir William Fry Channell (1804–1873), judge; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1827; serjeant-atlaw, 1840; baron of the exchequer, 1857; knighted, June 1867.
  73. ^ Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey (1781–1842), sculptor; son of a carpenter; grocer's boy in Sheffield; apprentice to a Sheffield wool-carver, 1797-1802; learned drawing, stonirarviyii:,:uul painting in oil; portrait painter in Sheffield, 102, and continued his visits there till 1808; resided chiefly in London from 1802, studying art, painting portraits, and practising wood-carving: exhibited pictures at the Royal Academy, 1804-7; worked chiefly at statuary from 1804; exhibited statues, 1809; paid by George IV three hundred guineas for his bust, 1822; knighted, 1835; bequeathed hia property to the Royal Academy.
  74. ^ Edmund Chapman (fl. 1733). surgeon ; a country accoucheur, 1708; practitioner in London, 1733; published a treatise on midwifery.
  75. ^ George Chapman (1559?–1634), poet; nothing known of his education; published The Shadow of Night (hymns), 1594, and Quid's Banquet of Sence and other poems, 1595; completed Marlowe's Hero and Leander 1598; said to have been imprisoned for satirising James I's Scottish followers, 1605; mentioned by the poet John Da vies of Hereford as having lived in his later days in straitened circumstances; contributed to plays by Ben Jonsou and Shirley. Chapman's first known play, The Blind Beggar of Alexandria appeared 1596, and was printed in 1698; the comedies All Fools (printed 1605) and An Humerous dayes Myrth belong to 1599, as also other plays now lost. The bulk of his dramas appeared between 1606 and 1612. Chapman published a specimen of his rhyming fourteen-syllable version of the Iliad in 1598, and the whole Iliad in 1611, adding the Odyssey (rhyming ten-syllable) in 1614, and the hymns Ac. in 1624. Translations by him from Petrarch appeared in 1612, from Musaeus in 1616, Hesiod's Georgicks in 1618, and a satire of Juvenal in 1629. He wrote also copies of verses for his friendsbooks, court poems, and a masque (1614). His collected works appeared in 1873-5.
  76. ^ George Chapman (1723–1806), author of tracts on education; M.A. Aberdeen, 1741, and LL.D.; taught school in Dalkeith, 1747, Dumfries, 1751-74, and Banff; was afterwards a printer in Edinburgh.
  77. ^ Henry Samuel Chapman (1803–1881), colonial judge; emigrated to Canada, 1823; newspaper editor in Montreal, 1833-4; barrister of the Middle Temple, 1840: judge in New Zealand, 1842-62; barrister and member of the legislature at Melbourne, 1854-65; judge in New Zealand, 1865-77; died at Dune-din; wrote on legal and economical topics.
  78. ^ John Chapman (1704–1784), divine ; educated at Eton; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1731; D.D. Oxford, 1741, rector of Smeeth, Kent, 1739, ami of Saltwood, 1789-41, and of Mersham, 1744; archdeacon of Sudbury; presented himself to the precentorship of Lincoln, but was ejected, 1760; wrote on classical antiquities and controversial divinity.
  79. ^ John Chapman (1801–1854), political writer: bred as a clockumker at Loughborough, Leicestershire; joiiieU baptists, 1822; opeued factory (or spinning machinery, 1822; failed iu business", 1834; withdrew to London; edited the Mechanic's Magazine; patented improvement on the IwiiMmi cab, 1836; wrote much for the newspapers; projected railway and irrigation schemes in India; published several treatises on Indian finance and administration.
  80. ^ Sir Stephen Remnant Chapman (1776–1851), military engineer; educated at Woolwich; entered royal engineers, 1793; captain, 1805; served in Holland, 1799, Denmark, 1807, and Portugal, 1809; secretary to the master-general of the ordnance, 1810-25; lieuteuantcolonel, 1812; secretary at Gibraltar, 1825-31; knighted, 1831; governor of the Bermudas, 1831-9; lieutenantgeneral, 1846.
  81. ^ Thomas Chapman (1717–1760), ecclesiastic ; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1746; D.D., 1749; rector of Kirkby-over-Blow, Yorkshire, 1749; prebendary of Durham, 1750; published a classical tract.
  82. ^ Walter Chapman (1473?–1538?). See Chepman.
  83. ^ William Chapman (1749–1832), engineer ; constructed canals in Ireland, and docks in England and Scotland; wrote on canal navigation and the corn laws.
  84. ^ Hester Chapone (1727–1801), essayist; nee Mulso; married (1760) one Chapone(d. 1761), an attorney; friend of Samuel Richardson; published verses and tales, 1750-3, and essays, 1773-7. Her Works and Posthumous Works appeared hi 1807.
  85. ^ William Chappell (1582–1649), bishop of Cork; of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1599; fellow, 1607; for some time college tutor of John Milton; patronised by William Laud; dean of Cashel, 1633; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1637-40; treasurer of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1636-8; bishop of Cork and Ross, 1638; imprisoned at Dublin, 1641, and at Tenby, Pembrokeshire, 1642; withdrew to Nottinghamshire.
  86. ^ Leonard Chappelow (1683–1768), orientalist; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1716: fellow, 1717-31; rector of Hormead, Hertfordshire; professor of Arabic, 1720; published an Arabic grammar, 1730, translations, and Commentary on the Book of Job 1752.
  87. ^ John Chappington or Chapington (d. 1606) organ-builder; built an organ for St. Margaret's, Westminster, 1596, and for Magdalen College, Oxford, 1597.
  88. ^ Samuel Chapple (1775–1833), organist; Uwt his Bight before 1785; learned music at Exeter; organist of Ashburtou Church, 1795-1833; published music,
  89. ^ Sir William Chapple (1677–1745), judge ; M.P Dorchester, 1722-37; serjeant-at-law, 1724; judge in North Walea, 1728; knighted, 1729; justice of the king's bench, 1737-46.
  90. ^ William Chapple (1718–1781), topographer; self-taught; surveyor's clerk in Exeter, 173*; land steward to the Courtenay family; compiled vocabulary of Exmoor dialect, 1746; projected recension of Risdon's Survey of Divon (partly printed, 1785).
  91. ^ Sir John Chardin (1643–1713), traveller; born in Paris; a wealthy jeweller; travelled as a jewel merchant through Turkey to Persia and India, 1664-70 and 1671-7; published notes of his travels, 1671, 1686, and 1711; protestaut refugee, 1681; jeweller to the English court; knighted, 1681; F.R.S., 1682; envoy to Holland, 1684; his biblical illustrations incorporated in Thomas Banner's Observations on.. Scripture 1776.
  92. ^ John Chardon, Charldon or Charlton (d. 1601), bishop of Down and Connor; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1565-8; M.A., 1572; schoolmaster at Worksop, Nottinghamshire, 1571; vicar of Heavitree, Exeter, 1571; D.D., 1586; bishop of Down and Connor, 1596; warden of Youghal College, 1598; published sermons and translations.
  93. ^ William Charite (1422–1502?), prior of St. Mary's Abbey, Leicester; compiled rent-roll and cartulary of the abbey.
  94. ^ Charlotte Charke (d. 1760?), actress and writer; youngest daughter of Oolley Gibber; amused herself with masculine pursuits; married Richard Charke, a theatrical musician, c. 1729; separated from him, c. 1730; first appeared on the stage, 1730: performed in various London companies, chiefly in male parts, till 1737; afterwards employed at puppet-shows and low theatres; attempted management of Haymarket Theatre, 1745; published an autobiography, 1755; wrote plays and novels. x. 65J
  95. ^ William Charke (fl. 1580), puritan ; fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge; expelled for nonconformity, 1572; wrote against Edmund Campion, 1580; held disputation with Campion in the Tower; preacher to Lincoln's Inn, 1581-93.
  96. ^ Barons Charlemont . See CAULPEILD, SIR Toby, first BARON, 1565–1627 ; CAULFEILD, TOBY, third Baron d. 1642 ; CAULFEILD, WILLIAM, fifth BARON, d. 1671.
  97. ^ Charlemont first Earl of (1728–1799). See James Caulfeild.
  98. ^ Viscounts of Charlemont . See CAULFEILD, William first VISCOUNT, d. 1671 ; CAULFEILD, WILLIAM, second VISCOUNT, d. 1726; CAULFEILD, James, fourth VISCOUNT, 1728-1799.
  99. ^ Charles I (1600–1649), king of Great Britain and Ireland; second son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark; born at Dunfermline; created Duke of Albany, December 1600; brought to England, 1604; created Duke of York, 1605; a sickly child; became heir-apparent, 1612; created Prince of Wales, November 1616; negotiation for his marriage with Princess Christina of France broken off, 1616; match between him and Princess Maria of Spain formally proposed, 1617, dropped, 1618; went to Madrid to urge his suit, February, 1623, but returned, October, finding the religious difficulty insurmountable; betrothed to Princess Henrietta Maria of France, December 1624, he and bin father pledging themselves to toleration for all English catholics; succeeded to the throne, 27 March 1626; married by proxy, May; received his bride at Canterbury, June 1625; refused by his firt parliaments, who distrusted the Duke of Buckingham, supplies equal to the undertakings into which he and the favourite rashly plunged; to help the Elector Palatine, equipped by his personal credit au English force to be placed in command of the German adventurer, Ernst von Mansfeld, 1625; promised a subsidy to Christian IV of Denmark to make war on the German catholic states, but was unable to pay, Christian being subsequently routed (August 1626): enabled by the help of loans and pawning the crown jewels to fit out an expedition against Cadiz, which miserably failed, October 1626; lost in a storm a second fleet, obtained by levying ships from the coast-counties; sent an expedition to relieve the protestants of Rochelle, which (1627) failed shamefully, peace being concluded with France, 1629, and with Spain, 1630; out of touch with English sentiment, which as reflected in the houses of parliament was in respect of doctrine overwhelmingly Calvinistic, and in respect of policy anti-Romanist; repudiated the pro-Romanist clauses of his marriage treaty, 1626, but was reasonably suspected of favouring catholics; promoted Arminian clergy, and prevented parliament from prosecuting them, 1625; forbade preaching in favour of Calvinist dogmas, 1629; had recourse to extraordinary expedients for obtaining supplies, exacting forced loans, and removing the judges who dissented from his measures; involved by his foreign, domestic, and ecclesiastical policy in quarrels with his parliaments; his first parliament, which met, June 1625, dissolved in-August, in consequence of its attacks on Buckingham and the king's Roman catholic leanings; dissolved in June 1626, after a four mouthssession, his second parliament, which, in spite of the devices of making the king's chief opponents sheriffs and imprisoning others, pressed charges against Buckingham; signed the statement of grievances which his third parliament, led by Sir Thomas Wentworth, submitted (thepetition of right, June 1628; opposed by Commons for his levy of taxes without parliamentary grant, and his ecclesiastical policy; dissolved parliament, lu March 1629; governed without parliament for eleven years; levied tonnage and poundage, 1629; exacted fines for not taking up knighthood, 1630, and for encroaching on forest hinds; raised money by granting monopolies, and by demanding ship-money from the seaports, 1634, and from the inland counties, 1635; showed marked favour to the papal envoys at the queen's court, 1834-7; supported Laud in his severe measures to enforce Arminian doctrine and church ceremonies on the puritan party in the church, 1633-7; obtained verdict in the ship-money case against John Hampden, 1638; was crowned in Scotland, 18 June 1633, giving offence by the episcopal ceremonial he required; caused great irritation by a fruitless order to Scottish ministers to use the surplice; riots in Edinburgh caused by his attempt (1637) to enforce the use of a liturgy, drawn up under Laud's influence; affronted by the signing of the national covenant 1638, and the abolition of episcopacy by the general assembly at Glasgow, November 1638; collected troops, and invaded Scotland, May 1639; compelled by want of funds to sign the treaty of Berwick, 1639; summoned parliament (April 1640), hoping to obtain supplies ! for renewing war with Scotland; dissolved it, 5 May 1640, on its demanding, under leadership of John Pym, i redress of grievances; elated by Stafford's success in raising an army in Ireland; lost Newcastle and Durham, which were occupied by the Scots, who on the invitation ! of parliament had crossed the Tweed, 1640; advised, by a council of peers convoked at York, to negotiate with the ! Scots and summon parliament, 24 Sept. 1640; defied by the Long parliament which met, 3 Nov. 1640, and at I once attacked Strafford and Laud; plotted to save Strafford, but finally assented to his execution, May 1641, and I pledged himself not to dissolve this parliament except by its own vote; indirectly caused the formation of two parties in the Commons, a party in favour of moderate episcopacy, and an extreme party which desired to abolish bishops and the prayer-book; went to Scotland, swkhiK support against the extremists, August 1641; discredited by a plot formed among his courtiers to murder the Scottish leaders the Incident; appealed for help to the Irish catholic peers, and was in consequence generally supposed privy to the Ulster massacres, October 1641; well received by London on his return, November 1641; resolved to resist the parliament's demands for a responsible ministry and church reform; tried to seize 'th five membersin the House of Commons, 4 Jan. 1642; left Whitehall to collect troops in the north, 10 Jan. 1642; declared war at Nottingham, 22 Aug. 1642; pushed asifle the parliamentary army at Edgehill, 23 Oct., advanced as far as Brentford, November, but withdrew to winter in Oxford; formed plan, 1643, for Hoptou to advance on London from the west, Newcastle through the eastern counties, and Charles himself from Reading; baulked; carried on fruitless negotiations during the winter; entertained design, 1644, of operating from Oxford and attacking the parliamentary army in detail, a design which came to nothing through Rupert's defeat at Marstoii Moor (2 July); conducted fruitless negotiations at Uxbridge, January-February, 1645; vainly tried to obtain large forces from Ireland and from Lorraine; cheered by Montrose's success in the highlands, September 1644February 1645; his main army crushed at Naseby, 14 June 1646; again sought help from Ireland and France; left Oxford; surrendered to the Scots at Newark, 5 May 1646, and was conducted to Newcastle, 13 May; tried to negotiate separately with the Scots and with parliament, parliament meanwhile coming to terms with the Scots; taken by parliamentary commissioners to Holmby House, January 1647; tried to get terms from parliament, unfavourable to the army; taken in charge by Joyce's troopers, 4 June, and conducted to Hampton Court, 24 Aug., while the army occupied London; escaped to the Isle of Wight, 16 Nov. 1647, having offended parliament by dallying with the army proposals, but was there kept in custody by Colonel Hammond; refused his assent to fresh proposals of parliament, December 1647; made a secret treaty with the Scots by which he accepted presbyterianism and obtained promise of a Scots army; cavalier risings in his favour crushed before September 1648; negotiated with parliamentary commissioners at Newport, September-October 1648; his death demanded by the army in November; taken to Hurst Castle, 1 Dec., to Windsor, 23 Dec. 1648, and to St. James's, London, 19 Jan. 1649, all who favoured him in parliament having been excluded by the army leaders Pride's purge), 6 Dec. 1648; refused to plead before the court which the Commons constituted for his trial, 20 Jan.; condemned, 27 Jan., and executed, 30 Jan. 1649.
  100. ^ Charles II (1630–1685), king of Great Britain and Ireland; second son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria; born at St. James's, London; given an establishment as Prince of Wales, 1638; took his seat hi the House of Lords, 1640; joined Charles I at York, March 1642; present at Edgehill; resided in Oxford, October 1642 to March 1645, and at Bristol, March to April 1645; at Barnstaple, June; withdrew to Cornwall, July; tried to hold Devon and Cornwall against Fairfax; at Falmouth, February 1646; withdrew to Scilly, March, and to Jersey, April; at Paris, July 1646; went to Helvoetsluys, July 1648; made a descent on the shipping at Thames month; tried to avert Charles I's execution, January 1649; proclaimed king in Edinburgh, 5 Feb., and in Ireland; returned to Paris; went to Jersey, 1649; withdrew to Breda, 1650; accepted the covenant and the terms of the Scottish commissioners, March; reached Cromarty Frith, and took up his residence at Falkland Palace, Fife, June 1650; practically a prisoner in the hands of Argyll and the presbyterian party; secretly negotiated with the English catholics; defeated at Dunbar, 3 Sept. 1650; tried to escape from Argyll to join Huntly ( * The Start ); crowned at Scone, 1 Jan. 1661, accepting the covenant: at Stirling, April; marched southwards, 1651; routed at Worcester, 3 Sept. 1661; dismissed all his followers, except Wilmot; reached Fecamp, Normandy, 1651; resided In poverty at Paris, October 1651-June 1654; withdrew to Cologne; went to Middelburg, March 1655, to wait the issue of a cavalier rising; removed his court to Bruges, 1666: dissoluteness of his court much spoken of; formally excluded from the succession by act of parliament, November 1666; offered to raise English troops for the Spanish service in Flanders; removed his court to Brussels, February 1668: withdrew to Breda, August: returned to Brussels, September 1658; went to Brittany, to wait the issue of a cavalier rising, August 1659; followed Mazarin to Spain to ask French and Spanish help; returned to Brussels, December 1659; negotiated with the English presbyterians and with Monck; went to Breda, and Issued his declaration there, 4 April 1660: proclaimed king in London; landed at Dover, 26 May; entered London, 29 May; urged the House of Lords to pass Act of Indemnity; issued a declaration for the settlement of Ireland, 30 Nov. 1660; dissolved the Convention parliament, 29 Dec. 1660, which had settled on him 1,200,UOO. a year; accepted by the Scottish parliament, 1661; threatened by Venuer's plot; formally crowned, 23 April 1661; married, 20 May 1662, Catherine of Bnuranza, and so became pledged to support Portugal agaiutt Spain; coldly supported the administration of Clarendon, 1660-7: aimed at securing toleration for English catholics, but thereby only excited the jealousy of parliament and the severities of the Act of Uniformity, May 1662; was thus forced to violate his promises to the presbyterian party made in his solemn declarations, April aud October 1660; the severe Conventicle Act, 1664, and the Five-mile Act, 1665, brought on by his Declaration of Indulgence, 1662; neglected to take efficient measures to recover estates forfeited during the Commonwealth, thereby bringing great odium on Clarendon; secretly allied himself with Louis XIV, receiving a large subsidy to attack Spain, 1661, selling Dunkirk and Mardyke to France, December 1662, and declaring war on the Dutch, February 1665; created a bastard son, James, Duke of Monmouth, 1663; withdrew to Salisbury, to avoid the plague, July 1665, and to Oxford, September, returning to London, January 1666; showed unwonted energy on occasion of the fl re in London, September 1666; hoped by means of the Dutch war to obtain the stadtholdership for his nephew, William of Orange, but the Dutch fleet destroyed the shipping in the Medway (June 1667), and Charles was forced to conclude peace, July 1667; the king protected himself by ordering Clarendon to leave England, November 1667; himself conducted secretly the most important negotiations, though the period (1667-74) is nominally that of the ascendency of Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale; received large subsidies from Louis XIV, promising hi return to favour French designs on the Netherlands aud to reduce England to Romanism; assented to the triple alliance with Sweden aud Holland, January 1668, in order to force Louis's hand: concluded with Louis the shameful secret treaty of Dover, May 1670; his Declaration of Indulgence in favour of English catholics, March 1671, cancelled, owing to parliamentary agitation, March 1673, and followed by the Test Act; forced by popular discontent to close the Dutch war (begun March 1672), February 1674; stopped payment* by the exchequer, January 1672, and abandoned himself with his court to excess; directed foreign policy, though Danby was nominally at the head of affairs, 1674-8; entered into a secret treaty not to oppose Louis XIV, 1676: forced by popular feeling against France to assent to the marriage of Princess Mary with William of Orange, November 1677, but renewed his secret treaty with Louis, 1678; gave way to the persecution engendered by the pretendedpopish plot August 1678, contenting himself with protecting the queen; dissolved parliament, January 1679, to shield Danby; repeatedly declared the Duke of Moumouth illegitimate, in order to foil the anti-court party, led by Shaf tesbury, which now set itself to secure the exclusion of James, duke of York, from the succession; ordered the Duke of York to withdraw from England, and offered to accept a protestant regency; dissolved parliament, July L 679 and January 1681, aud the Oxford parliament, March 1681, which violently opposed his efforts; warmly received in London, October 1681; laid the foundation-stone of Chelsea Hospital, February 1682: the whigs in Scotland grievously persecuted by his brother, the Duke of York; rigorously enforced penal laws against English nonconformists; his opponents discredited by the discovery of the Rye House plot, June 1683; Charles resolved to govern without a parliament, in compliance with the wishes of Louis XIV; popularly reported as being about to declare himself a Roman catholic, 1684, the Duke of York, in defiance of the Test Act, being reappointed acting lord high admiral, May 1684; had an apoplectic stroke, 2 Feb. 1685, and died 6 Feb., acknowledging himself a Roman catholic; buried at Westminster, 17 Feb. Thirteen of his mistresses are known by name, the chief being the Duchesses of Cleveland, Portsmouth, and Mazariu, and Nell Gwynn. Of his numerous illegitimate children six were created dukes. He was fowl of conversation, coarse wit, walking aud hunting, patronised the stage, and was interested in chemistry and naval architecture.
  101. ^ Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir (1720–1788), the Young Pretender; eldest son of the titular James HI; born and bred at Rome; served at Gaeta, 1734; sent from Rome to bead a French invasion of England, 1743; foiled by the English fleet at Dunkirk, 1711; duiled from Belldale, 1745; reached the Hebrides, August 1745; unfurled his standard at Glenfiunan, entered Edinburgh, and defeated Cope at Prestonpans, 1715; reached Carlisle and Derby; retreated, 6 Dec. 1746; defeated Hawley at Falkirk, 1746; crushed by Cumberland at Culloden, 1746; fugitive in the highlands; escaped to France, 1746; expelled from France, 1748; alienated the Jacobites by drunkenness anil by refusing to separate from his mistress, Clementina Walkenshaw, a reputed spy; said to have visited London, 1750, 1752, 1754; resided at Basle, 1756; titular king, 1766; resided in Rome; pensioned by France; married Louisa von Stolberg, 1772; separated from her, 1780; removed to Florence; died at Rome.
  102. ^ David Charles (1762–1834), author of sermons ; a weU-to-do Carmarthen tradesman; lay-preacher, 1808: Calvinistic methodist minister m South Wales, 1811; paralysed, 1828.
  103. ^ Joseph Charles (1716–1786), author of 'The Dispersion of the Men of Babel a tract on Genesis, 1755; vicar of Wightou, Norfolk, 1740-86.
  104. ^ Nicholas Charles or Carles (d. 1613), herald; Blanch-Lion pursuivant; Lancaster herald, 1609; visited Derbyshire, 1611, and Huntingdonshire, 1613; his manuscript collections are in the British Museum.
  105. ^ Thomas Charles (1755–1814), of Bala; Welsh preacher; son of a Carmarthenshire fanner; brought up a methodist; studied at Jesus College, Oxford, 1776-8; curate of Queen's Camel, Somerset, 1778; B.A., 1779; married a wealthy tradeswoman, and settled at Bala, 1783; took occasional clerical duty; Calvinistic methodist minister at Bala, 1784; went on preaching tours through North Wales; established methodist schools, 1785, and Sunday schools, 1789; published Welsh theological tracts and magazines, 1789-1813; set up a press at Bala, 1803; visited London yearly from 1793; visited Ireland, 1807; organised the Welsh Calvinistic methodists, 1810-11.
  106. ^ Edward Parker Charlesworth (1783–1853), physician; apprenticed to a Horncastle physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1807; practised at Lincoln; visiting physician to the asylum, 1820; advocated humane treatment of the insane.
  107. ^ Maria Louisa Charlesworth (1819–1880), author; daughter of John Charlesworth; visitor in her father's parishes; retired to Nutfield, Surrey, 1864; published religious tales and devotional tracts, 1846-80.
  108. ^ Rice Charleton (1710–1789), physician ; entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1740; M.A., 1747; M.D., 1767; practised medicine at Bath; physician to Bath General Hospital, 1757-81; published tracts on the Bath waters, 1750-74.
  109. ^ Robert Charleton (1809–1872), quaker ; pin manufacturer at Bristol, 1833-52; became a quaker: advocated total abstinence; one of the peace deputation to the Czar Nicholas, 1864; a quaker preacher in England and Ireland, 1860-72; published theological tracts. physi
  110. ^ Walter Charleton (1619–1707), physician; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1635; M.D., by king's mandate, 1643; nominally physician to Charles I and Charles II; practised physic in London, 1660-92; withdrew to Nantwich; returned to London before 1698; published medical, philosophical, and antiquarian tracts, 16501705, includingChorea Gigantum(1663), to prove that Stoneheure was made by the Danes.
  111. ^ Arthur Charlett (1655–1722), master of University College, Oxford: entered Trinity College, Oxford, 16(59; M.A., 1676; fellow, 1G8U; travelled in Scotland, 1GH3; B.D., 1684; published a theological tract, 1686; tutor to Lord Guilford, 1688; master of University College and D.D., 1692; rector of Hambledon, Buckinghamshire, 1707-22; king's chaplain, 1697-171?; his large correspondence is preserved in the Bodleian.
  112. ^ John Charlewood, Charlwood or Cherlwod (d. 1592), London printer; printed before 1659; issued ballads, tracts, and popular pieces, 1562-92; held the monopoly of printing playbills, 1587-92; often fined for litcrury piracy.
  113. ^ Augusta Charlotte, Princess (1796–1817), only child of George, prince of Wales (afterwards George IV), and Caroline of Brunswick; brought up by Lady Elgin at t'arlton House till 1804; at Lower Lodge, Windsor, 18051 s 1 l; ignored by her father; engaged to William, prince of Orange, 1813; angered her father by breaking off her engagement, 1814; in seclusion at Cranbourii Lodge, Windsor, 1814-16; married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, May 1816; died in childbirth, 19 Nov. 1817.
  114. ^ Augusta Matilda Charlotte, Princess Royal, afterwards Queen of Würtemburg (1766–1828), eldest daughter of George III; betrothed, 1796; married (second wife) Frederick William Charles, prince of Würtemburg, May 1797; Duchess of WUrtemberg, December 1797; queen of WUrtemberg, 1806; queen-dowager, 1816.
  115. ^ Sophia Charlotte (1744–1818), queen of George III; of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; married in London, 8 Sept. 1761; crowned, 22 Sept.; managed the royal household during the king's insanity, 1788 and 1810-18.
  116. ^ Edward Charlton or Cherleton, fifth and last BARON CHARLTON OF POWYS (1370-1421), married, 1398, the widowed Countess of March, thus obtaining Usk and Caerleon; took Henry IV's side, 1399; succeeded to the barony, October 1401; attacked by Owen of Glyndwfrdwy, 1402; allowed to make a private truce with the Welsh, 1404; again attacked by Owen, 1409: captured Sir John Oldcastle in Powys, 1417.
  117. ^ Sir Job Charlton (1614–1697), judge ; son of a London goldsmith; B.A. Oxford, 1632; barrister of Lincoln's Inn; M.P., Ludlow, 1659-78; serjeant-at-law, 1660; chief-justice of Chester, 1662-80 and October 16861689; speaker of the House of Commons, 4-18 Feb. 1673; justice of common pleas, 1680; removed, April 1686, for opposing James II's dispensing power; created baronet, 1686.
  118. ^ John de Charlton or Cherleton, first Baron Charlton of Powys (d. 1353), succeeded to estates at Charlton and Pontesbury, Shropshire, c. 1300; chamberlain to Edward II, 1307; knighted before 1308; obtained by marriage Powys Castle and it" domains, 1309; raised Welsh troops for the king's service from 1310; at feud with his Welsh neighbours, 1311-13 and 1315-30; summoned to the peers, 1313-46; joined Lancaster's revolt, 1321; pardoned, 1322; joined Mortimer's rebellion, 1326; viceroy of Ireland, 1337; recalled, 1338; latterly interested himself in religion.
  119. ^ Lewis Charlton or Cherleton (d. 1369), bishop of Hereford; an Oxford graduate in law and theology; resided in Oxford; prebendary of Hereford (1336) and Pontesbury; recognised as a benefactor of Oxford University, 1356; bishop of Hereford, 1361.
  120. ^ Lionel Charlton (1720–1788), author of 'The History of Whitby' 1779; schoolmaster at Whitby.
  121. ^ Thomas Charlton or Cherleton (d. 1344), bishop of Hereford; younger brother of John Oharlton, first baron Charlton; doctor of civil law; privy seal to Edward II: prebendary of St. Paul's, of St. Mary's, Stafford, and (1316) of Pontesbury; failed to obtain the see of Durliam, 1316, and of Hereford, 1317; bishop of Hereford, 1327; lord-treasurer, 1328-30; chancellor of Ireland, 1337, and viceroy, 1338; returned to Entrlund, 1340.
  122. ^ Job Charnock (d. 1693), founder of Calcutta ; went to India, 1655; entered the East India Company's service; stationed at Kasimbiizar, 1658-64, at Patua, 1664, at Kasimbiizar, and at Hugli, April 1686; withdrew, in face of native hostility, to the island Hijili, at the mouth of the Ganges, December 1686; superseded and sent to Madras, 1688; re-appointed to the Bengal agency; obtained from Arangzib a grant of land at Sutunati (now Calcutta), 1690.
  123. ^ John Charnock (1756–1807), author ; educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Oxford; journalist; naval volunteer; published Biographia Navalis, 1794-8, 'History of Marine Architecture 1801-2, Life of Nelson,* 1806, and some political tracts.
  124. ^ Robert Charnock or Chernock (1663?–1696), Jacobite conspirator; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1680; M.A., 1686; fellow, by mandate from James II, 1686; embraced Roman Catholicism; James II's agent in his oppression of the college, 1687; vice-president, January 1688; expelled, October 1688; styled captain; in London, planning the assassination of William III, 1692-6; arrested February 1696; executed, 1696.
  125. ^ Stephen Charnock (1628–1680), puritan : son. of a London solicitor; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge; puritan preacher in Southwark; intruded into a fellowship at New College, Oxford, 1650; proctor, 1654; chaplain to Henry Cromwell in Ireland, 1667; withdrew to London, 1658; co-pastor of the Bishopsgatc Street presbyterian church, 1675; his theological works published posthumously.
  126. ^ Thomas Charnock (1526–1581), alchemist; learned alchemy from a Salisbury clergyman; served at Calais, 1557; lived in retirement in Somerset,
  127. ^ Anna Maria Charretie (1819–1876), miniature and oil painter; nte Kenwell; married, 1841, John Charretie (d. 1868); exhibited, 1843-75.
  128. ^ Francis Charteris (1675–1732), styled 'colonel; of a Dumfriesshire family; dismissed the army for cheating: dismissed the Dutch service for theft; captain in the 1st foot guards; censured for fraud, 1711; accumulated a fortune by gambling and usury; the typical profligate of Arbuthnot, Pope, and Hogarth; landowner in Haddington and Midlothian; convicted of rape, but pardoned, 1730.
  129. ^ Henry Charteris , the elder (d. 1599), bookseller and printer, of Edinburgh; brought out a blackletter edition of Sir David Lyndsay's works, 1568; printed from 1581 theological tracts, bibles, and religious publications,
  130. ^ Henry Charteris , the younger (1566–1628), Scottish divine: eldest son of Henry Charteris the elder ; M.A. Edinburgh, 1587; a regent of Edinburgh Uni versity, 1 589; principal and professor of divinity, 1599-1620; minister of North Leith, 1620; professor of divinity, 1627-8.
  131. ^ Lawrence Charteris (1625–1700), Scottish divine; younger son of Henry Charteris the younper ; M.A. Edinburgh, 1646; minister of Bathans (or Yester), Haddingtonshire, 1654-75; professor of divinity in Edinburgh, 1675-81; minister of Dirleton, Haddingtonshire, 1688-97; published theological tracts.
  132. ^ Chintamanny Ragoonatha Chary (d. 1880), astronomer; assistant at Madras observatory; a good observer; wrote on -astronomical topics,
  133. ^ John Chase (1810–1879), water-colour painter; exhibited, chiefly architectural views, 1826-78.
  134. ^ Henry de Chastillon or Castillun (fl.–1195), archdeacon of Canterbury; a justiciary, 1195; agent in negotiations between Archbishop Hubert and monastery of Christ Church, Canterbury, 1198-9: supported King John against St. Augustine's, Canterbury. 1202.
  135. ^ Clara de Chatelain (1807–1876), composer and author; of French extraction; nit de Pontigny; born in London; resided in France, 1826; returned to London, 1827; married J. B. F. E. de Chatelain, 1843; wrote many tales for magazines, under various pseudonyms; composed ballads and songs; died insane.
  136. ^ Jean-Baptiste François Ernest de Chatelain (1801–1881), journalist : born and educated in Paris: French journalist in London, 1826; visited Rome, 1827: journalist in Bordeaux, 1830, and Paris, 1833-8; returned to England, 1842; naturalised, 1848; published literary and political papers.
  137. ^ John Baptist Claude Chatelaine (1710–1771), draughtsman and engraver; real name, Philippe; of French extraction; resided at Chelsea; of improvident habits; engraved chiefly landscapes.
  138. ^ Edward Chatfield (1800–1839), painter ; son of a Oroytlon distiller; pupil of B. R. Haydon; painted portraits and historical scenes, 1821-38; wrote in the magazines under pseudonym of Echiou
  139. ^ William Simmonds Chatterley (1787-1822), actor; member of the Drury Lane company, 17891804; acted also at Birmingham, Cheltenham, 1804, and Bath, 1810; returned to London, 1816.
  140. ^ Lady Henrietta Georgiana Marcia Lascelles Chatterton (1806–1876), miscellaneous writer; nee Iremonger; married, 1824, Sir William Abraham Chatterton (d. 1855), of co. Cork; retired to England, 1852; married, 1859, Edward Heneage Dering; embraced Romanism, 1875; published numerous tales, notes of travel, and poems, 1837-76.
  141. ^ John Balsir Chatterton (1802?–1871), harpist: son of a Portsmouth music-master; harpist in London, 1824-71; composed music for the harp.
  142. ^ Thomas Chatterton (1752–1770), poet; posthumous child of a poor Bristol schoolmaster; began to show signs of interest in reading, 1759; obtained access to the charters of St. Mary Redcliffe Church, Bristol; wrote his first verses, 1762; published verses in * Felix Farley's Bristol Journal 1763; began to represent hisantiqueverses as genuine old pieces, 1764; began to fabricate Thomas Rowley's verses, 1765; invented a pedigree for a Bristol pewterer, 1767; apprenticed to a Bristol attorney, 1767-70; published in the * Bristol Journala piece dated 1248, 1768; encouraged in his fabrications by the credulity of George Catcott of Bristol, 1768; wrote to James Dodsley, offering old plays, December 1768-Febrnary 1769; wrote to Horace Walpole, forwarding ancient histories of painting in England, 1769; neglected by Walpole, who omitted to return his pieces, 1769; satirised leading people in Bristol, 1769; meditated suicide, 1770; came to London, 1770; lodged in Short-ditch, and subsequently in Brooke Street, Holborn; wrote for the journals; poisoned himself with arsenic in desperation at his poverty, 1770; editions of "Thomas Rowley as genuine fifteenth-century poems, published 1777 and 1782. His collected works appeared in 1803.
  143. ^ William Andrew Chatto (1799–1864), miscellaneous writer; born at Newcastle-on-Tyne; teadealer in London, 1830-4; published, under the pseudonym ofStephen Oliver notes of rambles in the northern counties, 1834-5; wrote also on wood-engraving, 1839-48; editedNew Sporting Magazine 1839-41, and Tuck a comic paper, 1844.
  144. ^ Walter Chattodunus (d. 1343). See Catton.
  145. ^ Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?–1400), poet; son of John Chaucer (d. 1366), vintner, of London; page to Elizabeth de Burgh, wife of Lionel, duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III, 1357; accompanied the expedition to France, 1359; taken prisoner in Brittany; ransomed by Edward III, 1360; married Philippa (?Roet, d. 1387 V), a servant of the Duchess of Lancaster (wife of John of Gaunt), probably in 1366, certainly before 1374; received from Edward III pension of 13l. 6s. 8d., in 1367, being then yeoman of the chamber; in service in France, 1369; abroad, on the king's service, 1370; styled esquire (armiger), from 1372; on si mission to Genoa and Florence, 1372-3, when he met Boccaccio and perhaps Petrarch; received additional pension of 13l. 6s. 8d. from Edward III, 1374; appointed comptroller of.the customs and subsidy of wools, &c., London, June 1374; received pension of 107. from John of Gaunt, June 1374; resided over Aldgate, London, 1374-86, except when abroad on the king's service; sent on secret service to Flanders, 1376 and 1377; attached to embassies to France and Lombardy, 1378; a party to the abduction of Cecilia Chaumpaigue, 1380; appointed comptroller of petty customs, London, and allowed to have a deputy, 1382; allowed to have a deputy in his comptroller-ship of the customs, 1385; knight of the shire for Kent, 1386; removed from both comptroller-ships, 1386; went the Canterbury pilgrimage, April 1388; to raise money for his immediate needs, sold his two pensions from the king, 1388; clerk of the king's works at various places, acting by deputy, July 1389-September 1391; robbed by highwaymen, 9 Sept. 1390: joint forester of North Petherton Park, Somerset, 1391; sole forester, 1397; received pension of 201. from Richard II, 1394; received additional pension of 267. 13*. 4d. from Henry IV, 1399; lensed a house at Westminster, 1399; buried in Westminster Abbey; a monument erected to him, 1555. Chaucer's writings fall into three periods: (1) The period of French influence (1359-72), in which he uses the octosyllabic couplet. To this period belong The Boke of the Duchesse 1369, and a lost translation of the Roman de la Rose (2) The period of Italian influence, especially of Dante and Boccaccio, 1372-86, in which he leaves off the octosyllabic couplet, uses mainly the heroic stanza of seven lines, and begins to use the heroic couplet. To this period belong The House of Fame; * The Assembly of Foules; Troylus and Oryseyde; The Legende of Good Women; and the firstdrafts of some of his tales. (3) The period of his maturity, 1386-1400, in which he uses the heroic couplet. To this period belong the Canterbury Tales designed about 1387. The Canterbury Tales were first printed by Caxton in 1475; the collected works were first issued by W. Thyime in 1532.
  146. ^ Thomas Chaucer (1367?–1434), speaker of the House of Commons; supposed to be son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet; obtained Ewelme, Oxfordshire, by marriage; received two annuities of 10l. from John of Gaunt; chief butler to Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI; received from Richard II a pension of 13l. 6s. 8d., March 1399; constable of Wallingford Castle; granted Woodstock Manor, 1411; M.P. for Oxfordshire in most parliaments, 1400-31; speaker of the House of Commons, 1407, 1410, 1411, 1414; fought at Agincourt, 1415; envoy to France, 1417; member of the council, 1424; an executor of the Duchess of York's will, 1431; reputed to be of great wealth.
  147. ^ Hugh De Chaucombe (fl. 1200), justiciar; of Chalcombe, Northamptonshire, 1168; sheriff of Staffordshire, Warwickshire, and Leicestershire, 1196-8; accompanied King John to Normandy, 1199; in attendance on John, 1203-4, in England; justiciar, 1204; sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, and keeper of Kenilworth Castle, 1204-7; a monk at Chalcombe Priory, 1209.
  148. ^ Charles Chauncey (1706–1777), physician; M.D. Cambridge, 1739; collected pictures, coins, and books.
  149. ^ Ichabod Chauncey (d. 1691), physician ; army chaplain at Dunkirk before 1660; beneficed in Bristol: ejected for nonconformity, 1662; practised medicine at Bristol, 1662-84; banished for nonconformity, 1684; returned to Bristol, 1686.
  150. ^ Charles Chauncy (1592–1672), puritan; educated at Westminster; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1609; fellow; M.A., 1617; B.D., 1624; vicar of Ware, Hertfordshire, 1627-33; vicar of Marston St. Lawrence, Northamptonshire, 1633-7; prosecuted for neglect of church ceremonies, 1630 and 1634; submitted to Laud, 1636; assistant minister at Plymouth, New England, 1637; minister at Scituate, 1641; invited back to England, 1654; president of Harvard College, 1654-72; published sermons, theological tracts, and Latin verses and speeches.
  151. ^ Sir Henry Chauncy (1632–1719), topographer; entered Caius College, Cambridge, 1647; barrister of the Middle Temple, 1656; recorder of Hertford, 1680; knighted, 1681; succeeded to the family estates, 1681; serjeant-at-law, 1688; justice in South Wales, 1688; published The Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire, 1700; caused a witch to be arrested in Hertfordshire, 1712.
  152. ^ Isaac Chauncy (1632–1712), congregationalist; eldest son of Charles Chauncy; taken to New England 1637 at Harvard College, 1651; studied also at Oxford; intruded rector of Woodborough, Wiltshire; ejected 1662; congregationalist minister at Andover, Hampshire; L.C.P. London, 1669; practised medicine in London, 1669 till death; was also a congregationalist minuter in St. Mary Axe, 1687-1701, and divinity tutor of the London Dissenting Academy; published controversial treatises, 1681-1700.
  153. ^ Maurice Chauncy (d. 1581), Carthusian monk; studied at Oxford and Gray's Inn, London; entered the Charterhouse; took the oath to Henry VIII, 1535; joined in the surrender of the Charterhouse, 1537; withdrew to Bruges; returned to England, June 1565: prior of the Carthusians at Shene, 1556; withdrew to Bruges, 1659, and to Louvain, 1578; died at Bruges: published Historia aliquot nostri seeculi Martyrum 1550.
  154. ^ Sir William Chavasse (1786–1814), of the East India Company's service; died near Bagdad on a journey to explore Xenophon's route in the Retreat of the Ten Thousand.
  155. ^ William Cheadsey (1510?–1674?). See Chedsey.
  156. ^ Douglas Cheape (1797–1861), Scottish advocate : professor of civil law, Edinburgh, 1827-42; author of legal squibs.
  157. ^ Sir John Cheape (1792–1876), general ; second lieutenant, Bengal engineers, 1809; captain, 1821; colonel, 1844; brigadier-general, 1852; K.C.B., 1849; on active service in India, 1809-23; in the first Burmese war, 1824-6; in the Sikh war, 1848-50: conquered Pegu, 1853; returned to England, 1855; promoted general, 1866.
  158. ^ Thomas de Chebham (fl. 1230). See Chabham.
  159. ^ William Chedsey or Cheadsey (1510?-1574?), divine; born in Somerset; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1528: fellow, 1531: M.A., 1534; D.D., 1546; chaplain to Bishop Bonner; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1548; disputed against the reformed doctrines, 1549; imprisoned for preaching against the reformed doctrines, 1561; canon of Windsor, with other promotion, 1554; archdeacon of Middlesex, 1566: canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1557: president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1558-9; deprival of his benefices and imprisoned in the Fleet as a recusant, 1659; published theological tracts.
  160. ^ John Chedworth (d. 1471), bishop of Lincoln; of Merton College, Oxford; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and provost, 1446; prebendary of Salisbury, 1440; prebendary of Lincoln; bishop of Lincoln, 1452; very active against the lollards in his diocese.
  161. ^ Chedworth, Lord (1754–1804). See John Howe.
  162. ^ William Cheeke (ft. 1613), author of 'Anagrammata et Chron-Anagrammata; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1596.
  163. ^ Sir Henry Cheere (1703–1781), statuary ; pupil of Peter Scheemakers; worked in marble, bronze, and lead; carved statues for gardens and funeral monuments; knighted, 1760; created baronet, 1766; patron of Louis Francois Roubillac.
  164. ^ Thomas Cheesman (1760–1835?), engraver and draughtsman; pupil of Francesco Bartolozzi; resided in London.
  165. ^ Richard Chefer or Cheffer (fl. 1400?), theological writer; probably an Augustinian friar of Norwich.
  166. ^ Henry Cheke (1548?–1586?), translator; eldest son of Sir John Cheke; M.A. King College, Cambridge, 1568; M.I tor Bedford, 1572-83; travelled in Italy, 1576-6; secretary to the council of the north at York, 1581 till death; M.P., Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, 1584; translated an Italian morality play by Francesco Negri de Bassano.
  167. ^ Sir John Cheke (1514–1567), Greek scholar ; born in Cambridge; son of an esquire-bedel; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1529; M.A., -1533; embraced protestantism; an efficient college tutor; professor of Greek, Cambridge, 1540-51; introduced a new pronunciation of Greek; public orator, Cambridge, 1544; tutor to Edward, prince of Wales, 1644; canon of King Henry VIII's College, Oxford; pensioned by Henry VIII, 1545; granted church lands by Edward VI, 1547; M.P. for Bletchiugley, 1547 and 1553: provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1548, by king's mandate; took orders before 1549; knighted, 1552; granted additional lands by Edward VI; clerk of the council; secretary of state, 1553; supported Lady Jane Grey; imprisoned in the Tower by Queen Mary, July 1553-September 1654; withdrew to Basle; travelled in Italy: taught Greek at Strasbnrg; treacherously invited to Brussels, 1556, by Lord Paget and Sir John Mason, and sent prisoner to England, 1556; imprisoned in the Tower; compelled to abjure protestantism, 1556; published Greek texts, translations into Latin, and theological treatises.
  168. ^ Chelle or Chell (. 1550), musician ; Mus. Bac. Oxford, 1524; prebendary of Hereford, 1532-59, and precentor, 1554-9; perhaps taught music in London. x. 1831
  169. ^ John Chelmeston or Cheleveston (fl. 1297), theological writer; a Carmelite friar; taught at Oxford, Bruges, and Brussels.
  170. ^ Chelmsford first Baron (1794–1878). See Frederick Thesiger.
  171. ^ James Chelsum (1740?–1801), opponent of Gibbon; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1759; D.D., 1773; rector of Droxford, Hampshire, with other preferment; died insane: published sermons, a history of mezzotint engraving, 1786, and two pamphlets on Gibbon's treatment of Christianity, 1776 and 1785.
  172. ^ Thomas Chenery (1826–1884), editor of 'The Times; born at Barbados; educated at Eton and Cambridge; M.A., 1858; barrister: Times correspondent at Constantinople, 1864-6; leader writer to The Times; editor, 1877-84: a great linguist; professor of Arabic, Oxford, 1868-77; one of the Old Testament revisers; wrote on Arabic and Hebrew.
  173. ^ Richard Chenevix (1698–1779), bishop of Waterford and Lismore, of Huguenot extraction; B.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1716; chaplain to the Earl of Scarborough, 17i and to the Earl of Chesterfield, 1728; D.D., 1744; chaplain to Chesterfield when lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1745; bishop of Killaloe, 1745; translated to Waterford, 1746.
  174. ^ Richard Chenevix (1774–1830), chemist and mineralogist; born in Ireland: of Huguenot extraction; began to contribute to French chemical journals, 1798, and to English journals, 1800; F.R.S., 1801; resided in Paris, 1808; published also dramas and poems,
  175. ^ Walter Chepman (1473?–1538?), printer, of Edinburgh; clerk in the king's secretary's office, 1494, and was still in the king's service in 1528; general merchant; bought lands in and near Edinburgh, 1505-9; supplied capital to Andrew M liar, who had learned printing at Rouen, to set up a press in Edinburgh, the first in Scotland; obtained by patent the right to exclude books printed abroad, 1507; issued some poetical pieces, 1508, and the Aberdeen breviary, 1509-10; perhaps abandoned printing, 1510; dean of guild, 1515; founded chantry in St. Giles's, Edinburgh.
  176. ^ David Cherbury or Chirbury (d. 1430), bishop of Dromore, 1427-30; afterwards suffragan to the bishop of St. David's; a Carmelite friar.
  177. ^ Sir Robert Alexander Chermside (1787-1860), physician; array surgeon in the Peninsula and at Waterloo; M.D. Edinburgh, 1817; settled as practitioner in Paris, 1821.
  178. ^ Louis Chéron (1655–1725), painter and engraver ; born in Paris; travelled in Italy; settled as a painter in Paris before 1687; Huguenot refugee in London, 1695; his reputation mainly based on his book illustrations.
  179. ^ Andrew Cherry (1762–1812), actor and dramatist; bookseller's apprentice in Dublin; joined an Irish strolling company, 1779; attached to the Dublin theatre, 1787; acted in Yorkshire, 1792; returned to Dublin, 1794; acted at Manchester, and (1798) at Bath; at Drury Lane, London, 1802-7; brought out some ten dramatic pieces, 1793-1807, the most successful beingThe Soldier's Daughter a comedy, 1804.
  180. ^ Francis Cherry (1665?-17l3), nonjuror ; of Shottesbrooke, Berkshire; entered St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1682; collected books and coins; benefactor of Thomas Hearne; friend of Bishop Ken and other nonjurors,
  181. ^ Andrew Chertsey (fl. 1508–1532), translator into English of French devotional books for Wynkyn de Worde's press.
  182. ^ William Cheselden (1688–1752), surgeon and anatomist; studied surgery in London; pupil of William Cowper the anatomist, 1703; lectured ou anatomy in London, 1711; F.R.S., 1712; surgeon of St. Thomas's Hospital, 1719-38, of St. George's Hospital, 1734-7, and of Chelsea Hospital, 1737-52; invented the lateral operation for the stone, 1727; published works, including The Anatomy of the Human Body 1713, and Osteographia 1733..
  183. ^ Francis Chesham (1749–1806), engraver; first exhibited, 1777.
  184. ^ John Cheshire (1695–1762), physician ; entered Balliol College, Oxford, 1713; medical practitioner at Leicester; published trite treatises on rheumatism, 1723, and gout, 1747.
  185. ^ Charles Cornwallis Chesney (1826–1876), military critic; entered Woolwich, 1843; sub-lieutenant, royal engineers, 1845; stationed in Ireland and the colonies, 1845-56; captain, 1854; professor of military history at Sandhurst; lieutenant-colonel, 1868. His principal works are: 4 Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland 1863,Waterloo Lectures,* 1868, andEssays hi Military Biography 1874.
  186. ^ Francis Rawdon Chesney (1789–1872), general; served as volunteer against the Irish rebels, 1798; received commission in the royal artillery, 1805; fruitlessly petitioned to be sent on active service; visited Turkey, 1829; surveyed the isthmus of Suez, 1830, and showed that a canal was practicable; explored valley of the Euphrates, 1831, with a view to a trade-route from the Syrian coast to Kurrachee; navigated the lower Euphrates and explored the Tigris, 1835-7; stationed at Hongkong, 1843-7; major-general, 1855: surveyed course of projected railway from Antioch to the Euphrates, 1856; general, 1868; published narratives of his surveys.
  187. ^ Robert de Chesney (d. 1166), or de Querceto, bishop of Lincoln; archdeacon of Leicester; of a mild disposition; bishop of Lincoln, 1148; injured the see by alienating its estates, pledging the cathedral jewels to Aaron the Jew, and (1163) allowing St. Albans Abbey exemption from episcopal control: commenced building the bishop's palace at Lincoln, 1155, and bought a London house for the see, 1162; urged Archbishop Becket to submit to the king, 1164.
  188. ^ Jane Agnes Chessar (1835–1880), teacher ; educated in Edinburgh; teacher in a London seminary, 1852-66; member of the London School Board, 1873-5; died at Brussels.
  189. ^ Robert Chessher (1750–1831), surgeon ; studied surgery in London, 1768; practised at Hinckley.
  190. ^ Sir John Chesshyre (1662–1738), lawyer; of Halwood, Cheshire; entered the Inner Temple, 1696; serjeant-at-law, 1705; endowed a church and library at Halton, Cheshire; knighted before 1733.
  191. ^ Earls of Chester. See HUGH, d. 1101 ; RAXDULP, d. 1129?; RANDULF, d. 1153; HUGH, d. 1181; BLUXDEVILL, RAXDULF DK, d. 1232; EDMUXD, 1245-1296; MOXTFORT, SIMON OF, 1208?-1265: EDWARD III, 1312-1377; EDWARD, PRIXCE OF WALES, 1330-1376.
  192. ^ Joseph Lemuel Chester (1821–1882), genealogist; born in Connecticut; went to New York, 1838; merchant's clerk; published verses under the pseudonym of Julian Cramer 1843; removed to Philadelphia, 1846; journalist, and newspaper editor; aide-de-camp to the governor of Philadelphia and titular colonel 1855; settled in London, 1858-82; collected materials for the history of American families from the wills in Doctors Commons, parish registers, the registers of Oxford University and the see of London; chief publications: John Rogers, the compiler of the first Authorised English Bible 1861, andRegisters of the Abbey of St. Peter, Westminster 1876.
  193. ^ Robert Chester (fl. 1182), author of astronomical tracts preserved In manuscript in the Bodleian; his Latin version of an Arabic treatise on alchemy, printed, 1564.
  194. ^ Robert Chester (1566?–1640?), poet; published Love's Martyr 1601, republished, 1611, under the title, The Anuals of Great Brittaine an appendix to the poem containing Shakespeare's Phoenix and Turtle
  195. ^ Roger of Chester (fl. 1339), writer of 'Polycratica Temporum'; probably a misdescrlption of Ranulf Higden, monk of St. Werburgh's, Chester, and an alternative title of Higden's Polychronicon or Polycraticon
  196. ^ Sir William Chester (1509?–1595?), lord mayor of London; son of a London draper; educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge; draper in London before 1532; partner in the first sugar refinery in England, 1544; alderman of London, 1553-72; showed kindness to the Protestant martyrs when sheriff, 1564; knighted, 1557; lord mayor, 1660; M.P., London, 1563: honorary M.A. Cambridge, 1667; traded with Russia, the Levant, and the African coast; lived in retirement at Cambridge, 1572 till death; benefactor of Christ's Hospital and of St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
  197. ^ Earls of Chesterfield . See STANHOPE, PHILIP, first EARL, 1584-1666; STANHOPR, PHILIP, second EARL, 1633-1713; STANHOPE, PHILIP DORMER, fourth EARL, 1694-1773; STANHOPE, PHILIP, fifth EARL, 1755-1815.
  198. ^ Countess of Chesterfield (d. 1667). See Catherine Kirkhoven .
  199. ^ Thomas Chesterfield or Worshop (d. 1451 ?), canon of Lichfield; prebendary of Lichfield, 1425, and of Hereford, 1450; archdeacon of Salop, 1428-30: wrote a chronicle of the bishops of Lichfield down to 1347 (printed 1691).
  200. ^ Lord Chesters (d. 1638). See Thomas Henryson.
  201. ^ Thomas Chestre (fl. 1430), author of an Arthurian romance in English, The Noble Knighte Syr Launfal (printed 1802).
  202. ^ Humphrey Chetham (1580–1653), founder of the (ht'tham Hospital anil Library, Manchester; son of a Manchester merchant; educated at Manchester grammar school: apprenticed to a linendraper: merchant, woollen-cloth manufacturer, and usurer in Manchester; partner with his brother George in a London grocery busings; bought land in and near Manchester, 1620-8: bequeathed K,ooo. for educating poor boys (Chctham Hospital, opened 1656) and founding a public library.
  203. ^ James Chetham (1640–1692), writer on angling; published The Angler's Vade Mecum 1681.
  204. ^ Henry Chettle (d. 1607?), dramatist; son of a London dyer; stationer's apprentice, 1577; partner in a printing business, 1591; edited Robert Greene's Groatsworth of Wit 1592; wrote two satirical pamphlets, Kind-Hart's Dreame 1593, and Pierce Plainnes... Prentiship 1595: reputed author of thirteen and joint author of thirty-five plays, produced 1698-1603; imprisoned for debt, 1599; published Englande's Mourning Garment an elegy on Queen Elizabeth 1603.
  205. ^ William Chettle (fl. 1150). See Ketel.
  206. ^ Knightly Chetwood (1650–1720), dean of Gloucester; educated at Eton and Cambridge: M.A., 1679; chaplain to James II; rector of Great Rissington, Gloucestershire, 1686; prebendary of Wells, 1687; intended by James II for the bishopric of Bristol, 1688; chaplain to the forces in Holland, 1689-1704; D.D., 1691; rector of Little Rissington, 1702; dean of Gloucester, 1707: claimant of the barony of Wahull; published translations from the classics, sermons and verses,
  207. ^ William Rufus Chetwood (d. 1766), dramatist; a London bookseller; published pamphlet on the stage, 1720; prompter at Drury Lane Theatre, 1722-40; imprisoned for debt, 1741; prompter at the Dublin theatre, 1742; imprisoned for debt, 1750; published four dramatic pieces, 1720-3, also a General History of the Stage 1749, The British Theatre: Lives of the... Dramatic Poets 1750, narratives of travels, and tales from the Spanish.
  208. ^ Edward Chetwynd (1577–1639), divine; of the Ingestre, Staffordshire, family; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1595; D.D., 1616; preacher at Abingdon, 1606, and Bristol, 1607; beneficed; dean of Bristol, 1617.
  209. ^ John Chetwynd or Chetwind (1623–1692), divine; eldest son of Edward Ohetwynd; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1648: presbyterian minister at Wells, 1648; took Anglican orders, 1660; vicar of Temple Church, Bristol; prebendary of Bristol, 1668; published sermons.
  210. ^ Walter Chetwynd (d. 1693), antiquary; of Ingestre, Staffordshire; M.P. for Stafford, 1673-85, and for Staffordshire, 1689; encouraged Robert Plot's Natural History of Staffordshire
  211. ^ William Richard Chetwynd Chetwynd , third Viscount Chetwynd (1685?-1770), educated at Westminster and Oxford; envoy to Genoa, 1708-12; M.P. for Stafford, 1714-22, for Plymouth, 1722-7, and for Stafford, 1734 till death; master of the mint, 1744-69; succeeded to the Irish viscounty of Chetwynd, 1767.
  212. ^ Sir John Chevalier (1589–1675), chronicler of Jersey; vingtenier of St. Helier's; wrote an account of affairs in Jersey, 1640-51.
  213. ^ Thomas Chevalier (1767–1824), surgeon ; son of a Huguenot refugee; B.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1792; studied anatomy in London; lectured on anatomy and surgery in London; published surgical treatises, 1797-1823.
  214. ^ Anthony Rodolph Chevallier (1523–1572), hebraist; born in Normandy; learned Hebrew from Francis Vatablus in Paris; embraced protestantism; came to England, c. 1548; patronised by the bishops; settled at Cambridge, 1550; withdrew to Strasburg, 1553, to Geneva, 1559, and thenoe to Caen; returned to London, 1568; Hebrew professor at Cambridge, 1569; prebendary of Canterbury, 1570; at Paris, August 1572; died in Guernsey; his chief writings first published in Bryan Walton's Polyglot Bible 1657.
  215. ^ John Chevallier (d. 1846), agriculturist; vicar of Aspall, Suffolk, 1817; kept a lunatic asylum there; introduced into practical agriculture the Chevallier barley.
  216. ^ Temple Chevallier (1794–1873), astronomer ; entered Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1813; second wrangler, 1817; B.D. Cambridge, 1825; fellow of Pembroke and of St. Catharine's, Cambridge; vicar of Great St. Andrew's, Cambridge, 1821-4; professor at Durham, 1835-71; canon of Durham, 1865; published sermons, astronomical papers, and translations from the fathers.
  217. ^ Anthony Chewt (d. 1595?), poet. See Chute.
  218. ^ Charles Cheyne or Chiene, Viscount Newhaven (1624?–1698), inherited Cogenho, Northamptonshire, 1644; purchased Chelsea estate with the dowry of his wife, Lady Jane Cheyne, 1657; created a Scottish viscount, 1681; M.P. for Newport, Cornwall, 1695.
  219. ^ George Cheyne (1671–1743), physician ; studied medicine at Edinburgh; published medical and mathematical tracts, 1702-3; settled in London, c. 1702; removed to Bath; advocated vegetarianism; published treatises on diet and natural theology.
  220. ^ Henry Cheyne or Le Chen (d. 1328), bishop of Aberdeen, c. 1282; submitted to Edward I, 1291; declared for Robert Bruce, 1309; said to have built Baldownie Bridge.
  221. ^ James Cheyne (d. 1602), philosopher and mathematician; studied at Aberdeen and in France; professor at St. Barbe College, Paris, and at Douay; canon of Tournai; published, 1575-87, Latin treatises on various subjects, including astronomy, geography, and the Aristotelian philosophy.
  222. ^ Lady Jane Cheyne (1621–1669), elder daughter of William Cavendish, first duke of Newcastle; brought up at Welbeck, Nottinghamshire; married, 1654, Charles Cheyne; wrote verses (not published).
  223. ^ John Cheyne (1777–1836), medical writer; educated at Edinburgh; graduated in medicine, 1795; army surgeon; stationed at Leith Fort, 1799; removed to Dublin, 1809; acquired a lucrative practice; appointed physician-general to the forces in Ireland, 1820; retired to Buckinghamshire, 1831; published medical tracts, 1802-21; wrote an autobiography.
  224. ^ Sir William Cheyne (d. 1438?), judge; serjeant-at-law, 1410; justice of the king's bench, 1415; chief-justice, 1424 till death; knighted, 1426. Probably not identical with the William Cheyne who was recorder of London in 1379.
  225. ^ Francis Cheynell (1608–1665), puritan; son of an Oxford physician; fellow of Merton College, 1629; M.A., 1633; was refused the degree of B.D. because of his Calvinist opinions; vicar of Marston St. Lawrence, Northamptonshire, 1637; plundered by the king's troops, c. 1642; chaplain in the parliamentary army: member of the Westminster Assembly, 1643; intruded rector of Petworth, Sussex, 1643-60; violent adversary of William Chillingworth, 1643-4; one of the parliamentary visitors of Oxford University, 1647; intruded president of St. John's College, Oxford, 1648-50; Lady Margaret professor of divinity, 1648-52; D.D., 1649; retired to his estate at Preston, Sussex, c. 1660; published works of controversial divinity, 1643-7.
  226. ^ John Cheyney (fl. 1677), congregationalist preacher in Cheshire, 1674; published four bitter pamphlete against Quakerism, 1676-7.
  227. ^ Richard Cheyney (1513–1579), bishop of Gloucester; fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1532: B.D., 1540; courtier of Edward VI; beneficed in Buckingham, Hereford, Gloucester, and Warwick shires; disputed against transubstantiation, 1553; canon of Gloucester, 1558, and of Westminster, 1560; bishop of Gloucester, 1562, with Bristol in commendam; of decided Lutheran opinions; strongly opposed the Thirty-nine Articles, 1563; gave great offence by preaching Lutheran doctrines, 1568; D.D. Cambridge, 1569; reluctantly signed the articles, 1571.
  228. ^ James Chibald (b. 1612), royalist divine; son of William Chibald; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1624; M.A., 1633; rector of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, London, 1641; sequestrated by parliament, 1642.
  229. ^ William Chibald (1575–1641), divine ; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1588; M.A., 1599; rector of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, London, 1604-1640-1; published sermons and devotional tracts.
  230. ^ Henry Chichele or Chicheley (1362?–1443), archbishop of Canterbury; son of a yeoman of Highain Ferrer?, Northamptonshire; patronised by William of Wykeham; educated at Winchester, 1373, and New College, Oxford, 1387; fellow, 1389; B.C.L., 1390; beneficed in Wales, 1391; D.C.L.; rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook, 1396-7; advocate in court of arches; prebendary of Salisbury, 1397-1409; archdeacon of Dorset, 1397; canon of Abergwilly, and of Lichfleld, 1400; vicar of Odiham, Hampshire, 1402; archdeacon of Salisbury, 1402-4; chancellor of Salisbury, 1404-10; rector of Melcombe, Dorset, and of Sherston, Wiltshire; envoy to Pope Innocent VII, 1405, and to Gregory XII, 1407; bishop of St. David's, 1408 (enthroned, 1411); envoy to the council of Pisa, 1409; envoy to France, 1410 and 1413; archbishop of Canterbury, 1414; assented to the French war; appointed a special thanksgiving for Agincourt, 1415; active in proceedings against lollardism, 1416-22; with Henry V in France, 1418; negotiated surrender of Rouen, 1419; provided for independence of Gallican church, 1420; infringed the independence of the primacy by recalling an indulgence at the order of Pope Martin V, 1422; undertook visitation of his province, 1423; founded college and hospital at Higham Ferrers, 1424; upheld in council the Duke of Gloucester against Bishop Beaufort, 1424-31; endeavoured, under orders from Pope Martin V, to get the anti-papal statutes repealed, 1427-8; slighted by Pope Eugenius IV, 1438-9; benefactor of Canterbury Cathedral; founded the Chichele chest in Oxford University for relief of poor students; built a house for Cistercians in Oxford: founded All Souls College, Oxford, 1437; consecrated its chapel, 1443.
  231. ^ Sir John Chicheley (d. 1691), rear-admiral; captain in the navy, 1663; knighted, 1665; served in Dutch war, 1665-6, in Mediterranean, 1668-71, and in Dutch war, 1672-3; rear-admiral, 1673; commissioner of the navy, 1675-80; commissioner of the admiralty, 1681-4 and 1689-90.
  232. ^ Sir Thomas Chicheley (1618–1694), mastergeneral of the ordnance; of Wimple, Cambridgeshire: high sheriff, 1637; M.P. for Cambridgeshire, 1640; ejected by the roundheads, 1642; M.P. for Cambridgeshire, 1661; knighted, 1670; master-general of the ordnance, 1670-4; M.P. for Cambridge town, 1678-9, 1685, 1689; lived extravagantly, and was obliged to sell Wimple, 1686.
  233. ^ Earls of Chichester. See Leigh, Francis, first EARL, d. 1653; WRIOTHESLEY; THOMAS, second EARL, 1607-1677; PeLHAM, THOMAS, first EARL of the third creation, 1728-1805; PELHAM, THOMAS, second EARL, 1766-1826; PKI.HAM, HKNHY THOMAS, third EARL, 1804-1886.
  234. ^ Arthur Chichester, Baron Chichester of Belfast (1563-1625), lord deputy of Ireland; entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1583; assaulted a royal purveyor, and prudently withdrew to Ireland, where he remained till pardon was granted; served against the Armudu, 1588, in Drake's expedition, 1595, in Essex's Cadiz expedition, 1596, in France, 1597, and in the Low Countries; knighted, 1597; colonel of a regiment at Drogheda, 1598; governor of Carrickfergus, and active against the Irish insurgents, 1599-1603; lord-deputy, 1604-14; aimed at disarming the natives and breaking down the dim system; forced by James I into repressive measuria against Roman catholics, 1605-7; advocated translation of the common prayer book in to Irish, 1607-8; endeavoured to pacify Ulster, 1607-8; engaged in planting Ulster with Scottish colonists; created Baron Chichester, 1613; recalled in consequence of his reluctance to resume repression of the Roman catholics, November 1614; lord treasurer of Ireland, 1616-25; envoy to the Elector Palatine, 1622; opposed war with Spain, 1624.
  235. ^ Arthur Chichester, first Earl of Donegal (1606-1675), captain in the Irish army, 1627; M.P., Antrim, 1639; raised troops against Irish rebels, 1641; governor of Carrickfergus, 1643-4; refused the covenant, 1644; created Earl of Donegal, i647; one of the hostages for Ormonde, 1647; governor of Carrickfergus, 1661-75; benefactor of Trinity College, Dublin.
  236. ^ Sir Charles Chichester (1795–1847), lieutenant-colonel; educated at Stonyhurst; ensign of foot, 1811; lieutenant, 1812; served in Mediterranean stations, 1811-17, in India, 1817-21, and America, 1821; major, 1826; lieutenant-colonel, 1831; brigadier-t?eneral of the British legion against the Oarlists, 1835-8; knighted, 1840; commanded his regiment in American stations; died at Toronto.
  237. ^ Frederick Richard Chichester , styled by courtesy EARL OF BELFAST (1827-1853), author; educated at Eton; gave lectures in Belfast, 1851; died at Naples; wrote essays and tales.
  238. ^ Robert Chichester (d. 1155), bishop of Exeter, 1138-55; dean of Salisbury.
  239. ^ Thomas Chiffinch (1600–1666), closet-keeper to Charles II; page to Charles I, 1641; page to Charles, prince of Wales, 1645, attending him during his exile; keeper of the king's jewels, 1660; receiver-general of the revenues of the plantations, 1663.
  240. ^ William Chiffinch (1602?–1688), page to Charles II before 1666; closet-keeper after the death of his brother Thomas; employed in secret and confidential transactions; received Charles's French pension for him; closet-keeper to James II.
  241. ^ Samuel Chiffney , theelder (1753?–1807), jockey ; jockey and trainer at Newmarket, 1770-1806; won the Oaks, 1782, and the Derby, 1789; suspected, along with his employer, George, prince of Wales, of dishonest riding, 1790-1; published an autobiography, 1796 and 1800: invented a bit for horses.
  242. ^ Samuel Chiffney , the younger (1786–1864), jockey and trainer at Newmarket, 1802-51; won the Oaks five times and the Derby twice; son of Samuel Ohiffney the elder
  243. ^ William Chiffney (1784–1862), trainer at Newmarket; son of Samuel Ohiffney the elder
  244. ^ Thomas Chilcot (d. 1766), organist of Bath Abbey, 1733; composed songs and concertos,
  245. ^ Sir Francis Child , the elder (1642–1713), banker; goldsmith's apprentice in London, 1656-64; married, 1671, Elizabeth Wheeler, heiress of the wealthy goldsmiths of that name; in partnership with Robert Blauchard (d. 1681), his wife's stepfather, 1677, at the Marygold in partnership as Francis Child and John Rogers, 1681; gave up goldsmith's and pawnbroker's business and confined himself to banking, 1690; alderman of London, 1689: knighted, 1689; sheriff, 1690; lonl mayor, 1698-9; M.P. for city of London, 1705 and 1708, and for Devizes, 1710; benefactor of Christ's Hospital.
  246. ^ Sir Francis Child, the younger (1684?–1740), banker; younger son of Sir Francis Child the elder; head of the firm of Francis Child & Co., 1721; alderman of London, 1721; sheriff, 1722; M.P. for city of London, 1722, and for Middlesex, 1727 and 1734; lord mayor, 1731-2; knighted, 1732.
  247. ^ John Child (1638?–1684), baptist preacher: born at Bedford; artisan and baptist preacher at Newport Pagnel; removed to London; published pamphlets arguing against dissent from the church, 1682; hanged himself; his death regarded as a judgment against apostacy.
  248. ^ Sir John Child (d. 1690), governor of Bombay; brother of Sir Josiah Child; went to India as a boy; in the East India Company's service at Rajahpur; transferred to Surat, 1680; tried to suppress the Bombay mutiny, 1683; captain-general of the company's forces, 1684; created baronet, 1685; removed to Bombay, 1685; given authority over all the company's possessions, 1686; involved the company in wan with A"rangzib, 1689; charged with tyrannical conduct and want of faith with natives; died at Bombay.
  249. ^ Sir Josiah Child (1630–1699), author of 'A new Discourse of Trade 1668 (4th edition, 1693); son of a London merchant; naval store-dealer at Portsmouth, 1655; mayor of Portsmouth; bought Wanstead Abbey, 1673; created baronet, 1678; despotic chairman of East India Company; retained power by bribing the court.
  250. ^ William Child (1606?–1697), musician; chorister at Bristol; clerk and assistant organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1630; Mua. Bac. Oxford, 1631; sole organist of St. George's Chapel, 1634; said to have been also organist of the Chapel Royal, Whitehall; ejected by the puritans, 1643; restored, 1660; chanter of the Chapel Royal, Whitehall; composer to the king; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1663; published twenty anthems, 1639; much of bis music still in manuscript.
  251. ^ Elias Childe (fl. 1798–1848), landscape painter.
  252. ^ Henry Langdon Childe (1781–1874), inventor of dissolving views; perfected the magic lantern; adapted the limelight to it; gave popular lantern lectures in London and the provinces; devised double lanterns and dissolving views, 1807.
  253. ^ James Warren Childe (1780–1862), miniature painter; exhibited landscapes, 1798; exhibited miniatures, 1815-53.
  254. ^ John Childerley (1565–1645), divine ; entered Merchant Taylors School, 1575; fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 1579; D.D., 1603; beneficed in London and Essex; sequestrated as a royalist, 1643.
  255. ^ Robert Caesr Childers (1838–1876), orientalist; civil servant in Ceylon, 1860; studied Sinhalese, Pali, and Buddhist sacred books; returned to England, 1864; sub-librarian at the India Office, 1872; professor of Pali, University College, London, 1873; edited Pali texts, 1869-74; compiled the first Pali dictionary, 1872-5; established the Aryan character of Sinhalese, 1873-5.
  256. ^ George Children (1742–1818) electrician ; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1762; barrister of the Middle Temple; banker at Tuubridge; studied galvanic electricity, 1802.
  257. ^ John George Children (1777–1852), scientist ; only son of George Children; educated at Eton and Cambridge; F.R.S., 1807; published notes on electricity, 1808-15; employed in the British Museum, 1816-40; translated chemical tracts, 1819-22; studied entomology.
  258. ^ Joshua Childrey (1623–1670), antiquary ; clerk of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1640; B.A., 1646; schoolmaster at Faversham, 1648; M.A., 1661; prebendary of Salisbury, rector of Upwey, Dorsetshire, and archdeacon of Sarum, 1664; published two astrological tracts, 1652-3, and Britannia Baconica 1660.
  259. ^ John Childs (1783–1853), printer, of Bungay, Suffolk; issued cheap editions of standard authors and annotated bibles; a quaker; refused to pay church rates, 1836.
  260. ^ Robert Childs (d. 1837), brother and partner of John Childs
  261. ^ Charles Childs (1807–1876), head of John Childs & Son, printers, Bungay, Suffolk; son of John Childs
  262. ^ Edmund Chillenden (fl. 1656), author of Preaching without Ordination 1647; lieutenant, afterwards captain, in the parliamentary army.
  263. ^ James Chillester (fl. 1571), translator from the French of A most excellent Hystorie of... Christian Princes
  264. ^ John Chillingworth (fl. 1360), mathematician; fellow of Merton College, Oxford; wrote on astrology and mathematics.
  265. ^ John Chillingworth (d. 1445), astronomer ; fellow of Merton College, Oxford; junior proctor, 1441.
  266. ^ William Chillingworth (1602–1644), theologian; son of an Oxford mercer; godson of William Laud; scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1618; M.A., 1624; fellow, 1628; one of Laud's Oxford informers, 1628; disputed against Roman Catholicism with John Fisher Jesuit; embraced Romanism and went to Douay, 1630; returned to Oxford, 1631; abjured Romanism, 1634; violently attacked by Romanist writers, especially (1636) by Edward Knott; published The Religion of Protestants a safe Way of Salvation 1638; prebendary and chancellor of Salisbury, 1638; wrote against the Scots; with the king's army at Gloucester, 1643; taken prisoner at Arundel Castle, 1643; harassed by Francis Cheynell.
  267. ^ John Chilmark or Chylmark (fl. 1386), schoolman; M.A. and fellow of Merton College, Oxford.
  268. ^ Edmund Chilmead (1610–1654), sometimes erroneously styled Edward, miscellaneous writer; clerk of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1625-32; M.A., 1632; chaplain of Christ Church, Oxford, 1632; ejected, 1648; hackwriter in London; compiled a catalogue of Greek manuscripts in Bodleian, 1636; published translations and pamphlets, 1640-60; composed songs; his translation of Malalas was published 1691.
  269. ^ George Chinnery (fl. 1766–1846), portrait and landscape painter; exhibited in London, 1766; in Dublin, 1798; at Canton, 1830; visited India; published etchings ! of Oriental heads 1839-40; died at Macao,
  270. ^ Edmund Thomas Chipp (1823–1886), composer ; eldest son of Thomas Paul Ohipp; chorister of the Chapel Royal, Whitehall; organist of various London churches, 1843-62; professional violinist; Mus.Bac. Cambridge, 1859; Mas. Doc., 1860; organist in Belfast, 1862-6; organist of Ely Cathedral, 1866-86; published music.
  271. ^ Thomas Paul Chipp (1793–1870), musician: chorister of Westminster Abbey; harpist; drummer; member of London orchestras, 1818-70.
  272. ^ Thomas Chippendale (. 1760), furniture maker, of London; publishedThe Geiitleman and Cabinet Milker's Director 1762.
  273. ^ David Chirbury (d. 1430). See Cherbury.
  274. ^ Edward Chisenhale or Chisenhall (d. 1653?), historian; colonel in Charles I's army; published Catholike History 1653, in favour of the church of England.
  275. ^ Alexander Chisholm (1792?–1847), portrait and historical painter; weaver's apprentice at Peterhead; removed to Edinburgh; came to London, 1818; exhibited, 1820-47.
  276. ^ Aeneas Chisholm (1759–1818), Scottish catholic prelate; educated at Valladolid; tutor at Douay, 1786; priest in Strathglass, 1789; titular bishop of Diocaesarea, 1805; coadjutor, 1805, and vicar-apostolic, 1814, of the highland district.
  277. ^ Caroline Chisholm (1808–1877), the emigrant's friend; n6e Jones; married Archibald Chisholm, 1830; opened schools for soldiersdaughters, Madras, 1832; opened home for female immigrants, Sydney, 1841; came to London", 1846; wrote on emigration, 1850; returned to Australia, 1854; returned to England, 1866; pensioned, 1867.
  278. ^ Archibald Chisholm (d. 1877), officer in the East India Company's service, 1817-45; captain, 1833; major.
  279. ^ Colin Chisholm (d. 1825), medical writer ; surgeon in the West Indies, 1796; practitioner in Bristol, c. 1800.
  280. ^ John Chisholm (1752–1814), Scottish catholic prelate; educated at Douay; titular bishop of Oria, 1792: vicar-apostolic of highland district, 1792-1814.
  281. ^ Walter Chisholm (1856–1877), poet; a Berwickshire shepherd; wrote verses in the local papers, 1875. Poems by him appeared in 1879.
  282. ^ William Chisholm I (d. 1564), bishop of Dunblane, 1527-64; a man of infamous character; alienated the episcopal estates to his illegitimate children,
  283. ^ William II Chisholm (d. 1593), bishop of Dunblane; coadjutor to his uncle, William Chisholm I, 1561; bishop of Dunblane, 1564; envoy for Mary Queen of Scots, 1566-7; withdrew to France before 1570; deposed, 1573; bishop of Vaison, France, 1570-84; monk of the Chartreuse; prior of the Chartreuse at Lyons and Rome.
  284. ^ William III Chisholm (d. 1629), bishop of Vaison, 1584, in succession to his uncle, William Chisnolm II; intrigued in Scottish affairs, 1602, wishing to obtain the cardinalate, in the interest of the Scottish catholics; rector of the Venaissin, 1603-29.
  285. ^ Edmund Chishull (1671–1733), antiquary; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1687; M.A., 1693; fellow, 1696; B.D., 1705; chaplain at Smyrna, 1698-1702; vicar of Walthamstow, Essex, 1708-33, with other preferment; published Latin verses, numismatical notes, notes of travel, and Antiquitates Asiaticae 1728.
  286. ^ John de Chishull (d. 1280), bishop of London; rector of Isleham, Cambridgeshire, 1262, and of Upwell, Norfolk, 1256; archdeacon of London, 1262-8; clerk of Henry III; envoy to Paris, 1263; baron and chancellor of the exchequer, 1264; provost of Beverley, 1264; dean of St. Paul's, 1268; lord treasurer, 1269: bishop of London, 1274-80; his duties performed by deputies, 1280.
  287. ^ Richard Chiswell, the elder (1639–1711), pubUsher at the Rose and Crown Paul's Churchyard.
  288. ^ Richard Chiswell, the younger (1673–1751) traveller; son of Richard Chiswell the elder, a Turkey merchant; travelled in the East; M.P., Calne 1714; bought Debden Hall, Essex, 1715.
  289. ^ Trench Chiswell , originally Richard Muilman (1735?-1797), antiquary ; son of a Dutch merchant; changed his name on succeeding to the Debden Hall estate, 1772; M.P., Aldborough, Yorkshire: collected notes relating to history of Essex: committed suicide.
  290. ^ Henry Chitting (d. 1638), Chester herald, 1618; visited Berkshire, Gloucestershire, and Lincolnshire.
  291. ^ Edward Chitty (1804–1863), legal reporter; third son of Joseph Ohitty the elder; barrister, 1829; equity draughtsman; publishedEquity Index 1831, and bankruptcy cases Deacon and Ohitty. ls:;31839: subsequently lived in Jamaica.
  292. ^ Joseph Chitty , the elder (1776–1841), legal writer; special pleader; barrister, 1816; retired from practice, 1833; published law manuals, 1799-1837.
  293. ^ Joseph Chitty , the younger (d. 1838), special pleader; sou of Joseph Chitty the elder; author Of Ohitty on Contracts 1841, and other legal works.
  294. ^ Thomas Chitty (1802–1878), legal writer ; special pleader, 1820-77; edited standard law books, 1835-45; publishedChitty's Forms(of practical proceedings), 1834.
  295. ^ Sir Richard Choke (d. 1483?), judge ; pleader by 1441; serjeant-at-law, 1453; bought Long Ashton, Somerset, 1464; justice of common pleas, 1461 till death; knighted, 1464.
  296. ^ Hugh Cholmley (1574?–1641), controversialist; schoolfellow of Bishop Joseph Hall; entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1589; M.A., 1596; beneficed at Tiverton, 1604; canon of Exeter, 1632; published The State of the Now-Romane Church 1629.
  297. ^ Sir Hugh Cholmley (1600–1657), royalist ; educated at Cambridge and Gray's Inn; M.P., Scarborough, 1624-6 and 1640; refused to pay ship-money, 1639; actively opposed Straff ord, 1640; raised troops in Yorkshire for parliament, 1642; fought half-heartedly for parliament in Yorkshire, 1642-3; joined the queen at York, 1643; held Yorkshire coast for Charles I; taken prisoner, 1645; withdrew to Rouen; returned, 1649; imprisoned, 1651; wrote an autobiography, 1656 (printed, 1787).
  298. ^ Sir Roger Cholmley (d. 1565), judge ; of Lincoln's Inn; serjeant-at-law, 1531; recorder of London, 1535-45; knighted, 1537; M.P. for London, 1542; chief baron of the exchequer, 1646; commissioner to suppress the chantries, 1547; chief- justice of king's bench, 1552; deprived by Queen Mary, 1553; founded Highgate grammar school, 1562.
  299. ^ William Cholmley (d. 1584), grocer, of London ; wrote, 1553, a political tract (first printed, 1863), entitled The Request and Suite of a True-hearted Englishman
  300. ^ George Cholmondeley , second Earl of Cholmondeley (d. 1733), general; brother of Hugh Cholmondeley, first earl; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford: cornet of horse, 1686; in arms for Prince of Orange, 1688; cavalry officer at the Boyue, 1690, and Steinkirk, 1692; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1695; major-general, 1702; created Baron Newborough, 1716; succeeded as second Earl of Cholmondeley, 1724; general of horse, 1727; governor of Guernsey, 1732.
  301. ^ Sir Hugh Cholmondeley or Cholmley (1513-1596), soldier; of Cholmondeley, Cheshire; knighted for service in Scotland, 1542; served against the Scots, 1657; high sheriff of Cheshire.
  302. ^ Hugh Cholmondeley, first Earl of Cholmondeley (d. 1725). MI.'. vtiini as Viscount Cholmondeley of Kells, 1681; created Baron Cholmondeley, in the peerage of England, 1G8'J, and Earl of Cholmoudeley, 1706; treasurer of the household, 1708-13 and 1714-24.
  303. ^ Lady Mary Cholmondeley (1563–1626), litigant; l;uighter of Charles Holford (. 15H1), of Holfonl, Cheshire: married, c. 1580, Sir Hugh Uholuiondeley: litigation concerning her patrimony, begun 1581, endetl, by compromise, c. 1620.
  304. ^ Robert Cholmondeley , Earl of Leinster (1584?-1659), eldest son of Sir Hugh Cholmondeley; created baronet, 1611; created Viscount Oholmondeley of Kells, 1628; raised troops in Cheshire for Charles I, 1642; created Baron Choliuondeley, in the peerage of England, 1645; created Earl of Leiuster, 1646; fined by parliament.
  305. ^ Charles Chorley (1810?–1874), journalist at Truro; printed privately translations from various languages,
  306. ^ Henry Fothergill Chorley (1808–1872), critic; clerk in Liverpool; wrote for magazines, 1827; contributed musical criticisms to the Athenaeum 18301868; resided in London, on the staff of the Athenaeum 1833-66; wrote unsuccessful novels and dramas, 18361859, memoirs on music, 1841-62, a life of Mrs. Hemans, 1836, and an autobiography.
  307. ^ John Rutter Chorley (1807?–1867), poet ; clerk in Liverpool; secretary to Grand Junction railway between Liverpool and Birmingham; removed to London; contributed to the Athenaeum 1846-54; published The Wife's Litany a rhyming drama, 1865; gave to the British Museum his fine collection of Spanish plays.
  308. ^ Josiah Chorley (d. 1719?), presbyterian minister; M.A.; presbyterian minister at Norwich, 1691 till death: published an Index to the Bible appending A Poetical Meditation 1711.
  309. ^ Richard Chorley (Jl. 1757), presbyterian minister in Norfolk; son of Josiah Chorley
  310. ^ John Chorlton (1666–1705), presbyterian divine ; educated in Richard Frankland's academy, 1682; presbyterian pastor in Manchester, 1687-1705; conducted a presbyteriau divinity college in Manchester, 1699-1705.
  311. ^ Edward Christian (d. 1823), lawyer; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1779; fellow, 1780-9; barrister of Gray's Inn, 1786; failed on circuit; professor of law at Cambridge, 1788; chief-justice of Isle of Ely; published legal treatises, 1790-1821.
  312. ^ Fletcher Christian (ft. 1789), mutineer; master's mate of the exploring ship Bounty, 1787; headed the mutiny in the Pacific, 28 April 1789, against William Bligh, commander of the ship; sailed to Tahiti; reported to have been in England, 1809.
  313. ^ Sir Hugh Cloberry Christian (1747–1798), rear-admiral; served, chiefly in Mediterranean, 1761-71; captain, 1778; served in West Indies, 1779-82; rearadmiral, 1795; knighted, 1796; commander-in-chief in West Indies, 1796, and at the Cape, 1798.
  314. ^ Thomas Christian (d. 1799), translator into Manx of part of Paradise Lost 1796; vicar of Kirk Marown, Man, 1779-99.
  315. ^ William Christian (1608–1663), Illiam Dhône (Brown-haired William) of Manx story; third son of one of the deemsters of Man; his family, with others, irritated by the land policy of James, seventh earl of Derby and tenth lord of Man; received from his father Ronaldsway estate, 1643; receiver-general of Man, 16481658; appointed commander of Manx troops, August 1651, by the Earl of Derby (beheaded 15 Oct.); headed an insurrection against the Counters of Derby; surrendered Man to the parliamentary forces, 1661; compelled the countess to surrender Rushen and Peel castles, November 1661; governor of Man, 1656; superseded and accused of peculation, 1658; escaped to England; imprisoned in London, 1660; returned to Man, confiding in the Act of Indemnity, c. 1661; arrested by Charles, eighth earl of Derby, September 16G2: appealed to Charles II; found guilty of treason by the Manx authorities, under great pre-sure from the earl, 29 Dec. 16K2; executed, 2 Jan. Ida Charles II expressed great indignation at the proeee. liners, punished tin- iluenish-rs and governor, and restored Ronaldsway to Christian's son.
  316. ^ Alexander Christie (1807–1860), historical painter; educated in Edinburgh; served apprenticeship to a writer to the signet; studied art in Edinburgh (1H3H), London, and Paris; art teacher in the Edinburgh School of Art, 1843; exhibited in Edinburgh,
  317. ^ Hugh Christie (1710–1774), schoolmaster; M.A. Aberdeen, 1730; rector of Brechin, afterwards of Montrose, academy; published a Latin grammar and primer, 1758-60.
  318. ^ James Christie , the elder(1730–1803), auctioneer in London, 1766-1803.
  319. ^ James Christie , the younger (1773–1831), antiquary and auctioneer; eldest son of James Christie the elder; educated at Eton; took over his father's business, 1803; wrote on the antiquity of chess, 1801, Etruscan vases, 1806, Greek vases, 1822-5, and sculpture, 1833 (posthumously published).
  320. ^ Samuel Hunter Christie (1784–1865), mathematician; son of James Christie the elder; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1800; second wrangler, 1805; mathematical teacher and professor at Woolwich Military Academy, 1806-54; F.R.S., 1826; studied magnetism, and served constantly upon the compass committee; contributed to scientific journals,
  321. ^ Thomas Christie (1761–1796), political writer ; banker's clerk; studied science privately; studied medicine in London (1784) and Edinburgh; contributed scientific papers to theGentleman's Magazine 1784; wrote for the Analytical Review; published his Miscellanies 1789; visited Paris, 1789; wrote in defence of the French revolution, 1790-1; returned to Paris, 1792; wrote, for the National Assembly an English version of the new French constitution; partner in a London carpet factory, 1792; died at Surinam.
  322. ^ Thomas Christie (1773–1829), physician ; educated at Aberdeen; surgeon in the East India Company's service, Ceylon, 1797-1810; introduced vaccination there, 1802; M.D. Aberdeen, 1810; practitioner in Cheltenham, 1810-29; physician extraordinary to the prince regent, 1813; wrote on Vaccination in Ceylon 1811.
  323. ^ William Christie (1748–1823), Unitarian: merchant in Montrose; opened, and became minister of, a Unitarian church in Moutrose, 1782, the first of the denomination in Scotland; Unitarian minister in Glasgow, 1794; emigrated to America, 1795; published Unitarian treatises, 1784-1811.
  324. ^ William Dougal Christie (1816–1874), diplomatist; son of an army physician; born at Bombay; B.A. Cambridge, 1838; barrister, 1840; M.P., Weymouth, 1842-7; entered the diplomatic service, 1848; envoy to Brazil, 1859-63; pensioned, 1863; edited Dryden's works, 1870: vindicated John Stuart Mill's memory against Abraham Hay ward's adverse criticism; published a life of Shaftesbury, 1871.
  325. ^ Christina (fl. 1086), nun of Romsey ; daughter of the aetheliug Eadward; born in Hungary; brought to England, 1067; tied to Scotland with her brother Eadgar, 1067; submitted to William the Conqueror: obtained lands in Oxfordshire and Warwickshire; nun at Romsey, Hampshire, 1086; brought up Eadgyth (or Matilda), and opposed her marriage with Henry 1, 1100.
  326. ^ Sir Robert Christison (1797–1882), toxicologist; educated in Edinburgh; M.D., 1819; house physician to Edinburgh Infirmary, 1817-20; studied in London, under John Abernethy, and in Paris, under Robiquet, the chemist, and Orfila, the toxicologist; medical professor in Edinburgh, 1822-77; physician to Edinburgh Infirmary, 1827; medical adviser to the crown, 1829-66; created baronet, 1871; published Treatise on Poisons 1829, and contributed largely to medical and scientific periodicals.
  327. ^ Gerard Christmas, or Garrett, Chrisman (d. 1634), carver and statuary; carved funeral monuments; carver to the navy, 1614-34; designer of figures for several lord mayorsshows between 1619 and 1632.
  328. ^ Henry Christmas , afterwards Noel-Fearn (1811-1868), miscellaneous writer; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1840; in holy orders, 1837; librarian of Sion College, 1841-8; editor of church periodicals, 18401860; published verses, theological and philosophical pamphlets, and notes of travel; wrote on numismatics, 1844-64; his collection of coins sold, 1864.
  329. ^ John Christopherson (d. 1558), bishop of Chichester; educated at Pembroke Hall and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1543; fellow of Pembroke Hall, 1541, of St John's College, and, 1546, of Trinity College, Cambridge; withdrew to Louvain, e. 1547; master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1553: confessor to Queen Mary; dean of Norwich, 1554; rector of Swanton Morley, Norfolk, 1556; a visitor of Cambridge University, 1557; bishop of Chichester, 1557; persecuted protestants in his diocese; imprisoned for violent preaching, 1558; benefactor to Trinity College, Cambridge; translated into Latin the ecclesiastical historians, four books of Philo, and other Greek authors.
  330. ^ Michael Christopherson (fl. 1613), Roman catholic divine; educated at Douay; wrote A Treatise of Antichrist in defence of Bellarmine, 1613.
  331. ^ Henry Christy (1810–1865), ethnologist ; banker in London; travelled, for ethnological purposes, in the East, 1850, in Scandinavia, 1852-3, in North America, Cuba, and Mexico, 1856-7; explored the Veere valley caves, 1864; died iu Belgium; bequeathed his collections to the nation.
  332. ^ Thomas Chrystal (d. 1535). See Chrystall.
  333. ^ Charles Chubb (d. 1845), locksmith; ironmonger in Winchester; locksmith at Portsea; founded firm of Chubb & Co., London; patented lock? and safes, 1824-33.
  334. ^ John Chubb (1816–1872), manufacturer of locks and safes; son of Charles Chubb.
  335. ^ Thomas Chubb (1679–1747), deist ; glover's apprentice at Salisbury, 1694; tallow-chandler's assistant, 1705; publishedThe Supremacy of the Father asserted 1716; servant to Sir Joseph Jekyll; helped iu a tallowchandler's shop in Salisbury, c. 1716 till death; published Arian tracts, 1725-32, and deistical tracts, 1734-46.
  336. ^ William Chubbes, Jubbs or Shubys (d. 1505), writer on logic; B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1465; fellow; D.D., 1491; first master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1497-1506.
  337. ^ Elizabeth Chudleigh , Countess of Bristol (1720-1788), calling herself Duchess of Kingston; daughter of Colonel Thomas Chudleigh (d. 1726); beautiful, but weak-minded, and illiterate; befriended by William Pulteney, afterwards earl of Bath; maid of honour to Augusta, princess of Wales, at Leicester House, 1743; courted by James, duke of Hamilton, a minor, 1744; married, secretly, Augustus John Hervey, lieutenant in the navy, brother of the second Earl of Bristol, 1744; concealed birth and death of a son, November 1747; obtained separation from her husband; carried on flirtatious with George II; privately took means to establish the fact of her marriage, 1759; appeared openly as concubine of Evelyn Plerrepoiut, second duke of Kingston, 1760; visited Berlin and Dresden, as Madame Chudleigh, 1 1 765; denied the marriage with Hervey, on oath, February 1769, after her husband threatened (1768) a trial for divorce; being legally declared a spinster, she married the Duke of Kingston, 8 March; left heiress of the duke's property, September 1773; went to Rome; accused of bigamy by the Duke of Kingston's nephew, 1774; quarrelled with Samuel Foote, August 1775; found guilty of bigamy by the peers, 1776; withdrew to Calais; her marriairr with Hervey, who in 1775 became third Earl of Bristol (. 1779), declared valid, 1777; visited the czarina Catherine, 1777; visited Rome and other capitals; died at Paris.
  338. ^ Sir George Chudleigh (d. 1657), parliamentarian commander; M.P. for St. Michael, Cornwall, 1601, for Lostwithiel, 1614, 1621, and 1625, and for Tiverton, 1624; created baronet, 1622; parliamentarian officer in Cornwall, 1643; resigned his commission, 1643, after his son James Chudleigh had been accused of treason; subsequently espoused the royalist cause.
  339. ^ James Chudleigh (d. 1643), parliamentarian major-general; third son of Sir George Chudleigh; captain in the parliament's army In Yorkshire, 1641; sergeant-major-general in Cornwall; victorious over the royalists, 1643; taken prisoner by the royalists, 1643; suspected of treachery in the action; accepted a colonelehip in the king's army, May 1643; mortally wounded, September 1643.
  340. ^ Lady Mary Chudleigh (1656–1710), authoress ; nee Lee; married Sir George Chudleigh, bart., of Ashton, Devonshire, 1685; published verses and essays, 1701-10.
  341. ^ Thomas Chudleigh (. 1689), diplomatist; secretary to the embassy to Sweden, 1673, and to Nimeguen, 1677; envoy to Holland, 1678-87; converted to Roman Catholicism, 1687.
  342. ^ John Church (1675?–1741), musician ; chorister of New College, Oxford; member of the Chapel Royal, 1697; lay vicar of Westminster Abbey, c. 1700; published Introduction to Psalmody 1723.
  343. ^ Ralph Church (d. 1787), editor of Spenser's Faery Queen 1738: son of John Church; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1732; vicar of Pyrtoii and Shirburn, Oxfordshire.
  344. ^ Sir Richard Church (1784–1873), liberator of Greece; ensign 13th light infantry, 1800; served in Egypt, 1801; lieutenant, at Malta, 1803; captain of the Corsican rangers, 1806; distinguished himself at Capri, 1808, and in the Ionian islands, 1809; major, 1809, and colonel, 1812-15, of Greek troops in Ionian islands; British attache with the Austrian army, 1815; Neapolitan major-general; suppressed brigandage in Apulia; defeated by the Sicilian insurgents, 1820; K.O.H., 1822; generalissimo of the Greek insurgents, 1827; defeated, through disobedience of the Greek chief Tzavellas, at Athens; drove the Turks out of Akarnauia, 1827; protested against restoring North Greece to Turkey, 1830-2: led the Greek revolution, 1843; general in the Greek army, 1854; lived in retirement at Athens.
  345. ^ Thomas Church (1707–1756), controversialist; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1731; D.D., 1749; vicar of Battersea, 1740-66; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1744; wrote against deism and methodism.
  346. ^ Richard Churcher (1659–1723), founder of Churcher's College at Petersfield, Hampshire, for naval cadets of the East ludla Company; apprenticed to a London barber-surgeon, 1675-82; in the East India Company's service; settled at Petersfield.
  347. ^ Walter Churchey (1747–1805), methodist ; attorney of Brecon; corresponded with John W--l.-.v, 1771; wrote religious verse, 1789-1804.
  348. ^ Alfred Churchill B. (1826–1870), journalist ; bom at Constantinople; proprietor of the Turkish -finiofficiul journal, the Jeride Hawades; published Turkish books; visited England, 1867.
  349. ^ Arabella Churchill (1648–1730), mistress of James II: eldest daughter of Sir Winston Churchill ; maid of honour to Anne, duchess of York, c. 1666; intrigued with James, from 1668, by whom she had two sons and two daughters; pensioned; married Colonel Charles Godfrey.
  350. ^ Awnsham Churchill (d. 1728), bookseller and publisher in partnership with his brother John at the Black Swan London, from 1685; bought estates in Dorset; M.P., Dorchester, 1706-10.
  351. ^ Charles Churchill (1656–1714), general; younger sou of Sir Winston Churchill; of the household of Christian V of Denmark, and of Prince George of Denmark; served" in Ireland, 1690; fought at Lauden, 1693, and Blenheim, 1704; major-general, 1694; lieutenant-general, 1702; M.P., Weymouth, 1701-10; governor of Guernsey, 1706-10; general, 1707.
  352. ^ Charles Churchill (1731–1764), satirist ; sou of a Westminster curate; at Westminster School, 17391748; curate in Somerset, 1754; curate at Rainham, Essex, 1756; curate of St. John's, Westminster, 1758-63, in succession to his father; separated from his wife, 1761; became famous by his Rosciad and Apology 1761; attached himself to John Wilkes; satirised authors and politicians, 1762-4, died at Boulogne; his collected works published, 1763-4. L
  353. ^ Fleetwood Churchill (1808–1878), obstetrician; apprenticed to a Nottingham physician, 1822; studied in London, Dublin, Paris, and Edinburgh; M.D. Edinburgh, 1831; practitioner in Dublin; lectured on obstetrics, 1856-64; wrote on midwifery; a strong supporter of the episcopal church in Ireland,
  354. ^ George Churchill (1654 - 1710), admiral ; younger son of Sir Winston Churchill; naval volunteer, 1666; lieutenant, 1672-4; in command of a ship, 1678-88; made haste to join the Prince of Orange; fought at Beachy Head, 1690, and Barfleur, 1692; left the service, 1693; commissioner of the admiralty, 1699-1702; rear-admiral, 1701; admiral of the blue, 1702; actual manager of naval affairs, though the naval administration was conducted in the name of Prince George of Denmark, 1702-8; rendered odious by his rapacity and incompetence; M.P. for St. Albans, 1700-8, and later for Portsmouth,
  355. ^ Sir John Churchill (d. 1685), master of the rolls; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1647; practised in chancery; possibly M.P., 1661-79: knighted, 1670; censured by the Commons for appearing as senior counsel against a member, 1675; recorder of Bristol, 1683; master of the rolls, 1685; M.P., Bristol, 1685.
  356. ^ John Churchill , first Duke of Marlborough (1650-1722), eldest surviving sou of Sir Winston Churchill -; educated at St. Paul's School; favourite of the Duchess of Cleveland; page to James, duke of York; and afterwards his confidential servant; ensign in the foot guards, September 1667; served at Tangiers: captain of foot, 1672; served in Flanders, 1672-7; colonel in French service, 1674; colonel of foot, February, 1678; married, 1678, Sarah Jennings; envoy to the Prince of Orange and offered to serve under him, 1678; accompanied the Duke of York to Holland, 1679, and to Scotland, 1679-82, acting as agent between the duke and Charles II; created Baron Churchill of Ayinouth in the Scottish peerage, 1682; colonel of the 1st dragoons, 1683; envoy to Louis XIV, 1685; created Baron Churchill of Saudridge in the English peerage, 1685: chief instrument in crushing Monmouth's rebellion, July 1685; majorgeneral and colonel of the 3rd horse guards, 1685; lieutenant-general, 1688; entered into negotiations with the Prince of Orange, 1687, and expressed; readiness to support him, August 1688; vowed fidelity to James II, November 1688; in command at Salisbury; went over to the Prince of Orange, 24 Nov. 1688; employed in quieting the troops; openly voted for a regency, but privately induced the Princess Anne to consent that William of Orange should reign over England for life; created Earl of Marlborough, 1689; commanded the English troops in Flanders, 1689; commander- in-chief in England, 1690; captured Cork and Kinsale, 1690; accompanied William III to Flanders, 1691; opened negotiations with James II, 1691; persuaded Princess Anne to write to her father, 1691; intrigued with the army; dismissed from his offices, 1692; imprisoned in the Tower for two mouths, 1692; revenged himself by causing the failure of the Brest expedition, 1694; his overtures to William III rejected, 1694; voted with the extreme tories in the Lords; voted for Sir John Fenwick's attainder, 1696; received back into favour, 1698; governor of the Duka of Gloucester (rf. 1700), 1698; restored to his commands; continued to vote with the tories, 1701; accompanied William III to Holland, July 1701; came into power on Anne's accession. 1702; K.G., 1702; captain-general of the forces, 1702-11; master-general of the ordnance, 1702-11; procured declaration of war with France, 1702; commander of the forces in Holland; delayed by the supineuess of his allies; crossed the Meuse, July 1702; took Venloo, September, and Rtiremonde and Li6ge, October 1702; created Duke of Marl I borough, December 1702; continued to vote with the tories; lost his only eon, February 1703; opened his next campaign by taking Bonn, 1703; his plans thwarted I by the incompetency or treachery of the Dutch generals;  ! took Limburg, September 1703; opposed by the extreme tories; obtained their dismissal from office, but failed to conciliate the whigs; persuaded the Dutch to assent to a campaign on the Moselle, 1704; transferred his army to Bavaria; joined Prince Eugene, June 1704; forced the Schellenberg, 2 July; crushed the French and Bavarians at Blenheim, 13 Aug. 1704; arranged for a campaign on the Moselle in 1705; visited Berlin; created Prince of Mindelheim by the emperor (November 1705); voted Woodstock Manor and Blenheim Palace by parliament; failed to persuade the Dutch and Germans to support his favourite plan of invading France by the Moselle, AprilJune, 1705; invaded Brabant, July 1705; again thwarted by the Dutch general, Slangeuberg; visited Vienna, Berlin, and Hanover in order to pacify the allies; opposed at home by the extreme tories; failed to persuade the Dutch to undertake a campaign in Italy, April 1706; crushed the French at Ramillies, May 1706; occupied Brussels, Antwerp, Ostend, and other fortresses, May-October 1706; confronted by great jealousy between the Dutch and the emperor, which was fomented by Louis XIV's overtures; weakened by the growing influence of the whigs at home; began to lose Anne's good will; pensioned by parliament; visited the Elector of Hanover, Charles XII of Sweden, and the king of Prussia, 1707; deserted by the emperor, who sought to secure Naples by a separate treaty with France; unable to take the field effectually: became involved in the bitter party trife between the whig and tory leaders, and forced Anne to dismiss Harley, 1708; provided for defence against the Pretender's attempted invasion, 1708; delayed by the tardiness of the allies, May 1708; crushed the French at Oudeuarde, July 1708; took Lille and Ghent, December 1708; took part in abortive peace negotiations at the Hague, May 1709, missing an opportunity of closing the war on reasonable terms; took Tournay; his attack on the French at Malplaquet delayed by the allies, and the victory dearly bought in consequence, 11 Sept. 1709; took Mous, October 1709; completely lost Anne's personal favour through his duchess's bad temper and his application to be captain-general for life; attended the peace conferences at Gertruydenberg, February 1710; perceived that the state of English politics encouraged France to continue the war; began the cacvpaign in April; took Douay and some minor fortresses, 1710; lost favour of Queen Anne, January 1711, soon after the fall of the whig ministry; went abroad to conduct the campaign, March 1711; out-manoeuvred Villars, August 1711; took Bouchain, 14 Sept. 1711; accused of peculation soon after peace had been concluded with France by the tory ministry; returned to England, November: dismissed from all his offices, 31 Dec. 1711; charges against him dropped by the hostile ministry; withdrew to the continent, November 1712: lost his territory at Mindelheim, 1713; active in arranging for the Hanoverian succession, 1714; returned to England, August 1714; captain-general and master of the ordnance; had a paralytic stroke aud fell into senile decay, 1716.
  357. ^ John Spriggs Morss Churchill (1801–1875), medical publisher; apprenticed to a London firm of medical booksellers, 1816-23; bought u business, 1832; gave up the retail trade, 1854; issued medical text-books aud journals after 1837.
  358. ^ John Winston Spencer Churchill , seventh Duke of Marlborough (1822–1883), politician ; educated at Eton, 1835-8, and Oxford, 1840; as Marquis of Blandford was M.P., Woodstock, 1844, 1847-57; succeeded to the dukedom, 1857; lord-steward of the household, 1866: lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1866-80.
  359. ^ Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill , commonly known as Lord Randolph Churchill (1849-1894), statesman; third son of John Winston Spencer Churchill, sixth duke of Marlborough; educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford: B.A., 1870; conservative M.P. for Woodstock, 1874 and 1880; attracted attention by attack on subordinate members of Disraeli government, 1878: became exponent of a resolute and aggressive toryism, assisted by Sir Henry Drummond Volff, Mr. (afterwards Sir John) Gorst, and, occasionally, Mr. Arthur Balfour; his followers received nickname of the 'Fourth Party supported Charles Bradlaugh: attacked Irish Compensation for Disturbance Bill, and while advocating the policy of conciliation in Irish affaire, strongly opposed any compromise with home rule: fostered conservatism among working classes by promoting, with Mr. Gorst's assistance, the establishment of conservative clubs, and by establishing and popularising the Primrose League; took prominent part in discussion of franchise bill, and by advocating extension of franchise to Ireland, came into antagonism with a section of his own party, but was subsequently officially accepted as one of the party leaders; visited India, 1884: secretary of state for India, 1885-6, during which period the annexation of Burmah was effected; unsuccessfully opposed Bright in central division of Birmingham at election of 1885. and was returned for South Paddington; opposed home rule bill; re-elected for South Paddington, 1886; chancellor of exchequer aud leader of House of Commons, 1886; resigned offices, December 1886, being unable to agree with the demands on the public purse made by the ministers for the army and navy; honorary LL.D. Cambridge, 1888; travelled for health and recreation in South Africa, 1891, and contributed series of letters to Daily Graphic (published, 1892, asMen, Mines, and Animals in South Africa; re-elected for South Paddington, 1892: attacked home rule bill and Mr. Asquith's Welsh church bill; died of general paralysis.
  360. ^ Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (1660-1744), nee Jennings: maid of honour to Princess Anne before 1676; married John Churchill (1650-1722) , 1678; became Lady Churchill, 1682; lady of the bedchamber to Anne, now princess of Denmark, 1683; acquired an absolute ascendency over Anne's weak mind; helped Anne to escape to Nottingham on the news of James II's resolve to fly, 1688; induced Anne to accept William III as king, 1689; became Countess of Marlborough, 1689; helped Anne to secure a large parliamentary allowance, 1689: pensioned by Anne, 1690; persuaded Anne to open negotiations with her father, December 1691; retained by Anne in defiance of William and Mary, 1692; mistress of the robes and keeper of the privy purse on Queen Anne's accession, 1702 ranger of Windsor Park, 1702; began to lose hold on Anne by her want of tact and violence of temper; introduced, before 1707, her relative, Abigail Hill (Mrs. Masham), to the queen's service, by whom she was ousted; behaved imperiously to Queen Anne, 1707-10; sent in her accounts as keeper of the privy purse, deducting 2,OOOJ. a year as her pension since 1702, 1711; went abroad, 1713; after the duke's death in 1722 plunged into family quarrels and lawsuits; at bitter feud with Sir Robert Walpole; wrote memoirs of her life, published 1742.
  361. ^ Sir Winston Churchill (1620?–1688), politician; educated at Oxfdrd, 1636; impoverished by the civil war; M.P., Plymouth, 1661-&; knighted, 1663; comptroller of the board of green cloth; M.P., Lynn Regis, 1685-7; published Divi Britannici 1675.
  362. ^ Thomas Churchyard (1620?–1604), miscellaneous writer; page to Henry, earl of Surrey; lived a wandering fife, partly as a soldier in Scotland, Ireland, France, aud the Low Countries, partly as a hauger-on of the court and the nobility; at the siege of Leith. l.sc.opensioned by Queen Elizabeth, 1592; published, before 1553, A myrrour for man; between 1560 and 1603 issued a multitude of broadsheets aud small volumes in verse and prose, several containing autobiographical pieces and notices of current events; sometimes wrote in the hope of getting a little money for the dedication; his best known pieces are Shore's Wife 1563, and The Worthines of Wales 1587.
  363. ^ Edward Churton (1800–1874), theologian; second son of Ralph Churton; educated at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford: M.A., 1824; rector of Crayke, Yorkshire, 1835, and archdeacon of Cleveland, 1846-74; published Notes on the Basque Churches and 'Gongora... with translations (from the Spanish), 1862; wrote poems and works on Anglican theology and church history.
  364. ^ Ralph Churton (1754–1831), biographer; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1772; M.A. and fellow, 1778; rector of Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, 1792, and archdeacon of St. David's, 1805-31; published sermons and lives of the founders of Brasenose College, of Alexander Nowell, dean of St. Paul's, and others.
  365. ^ William Ralph Churton (d. 1828), author; third sou of Ralph Churton; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1824; M.A., 1825; his Remains privately printed, 1830.
  366. ^ Anthonhy Chute or Chewt (d. 1595?), poet; attorney's clerk; possibly purser with the Portugal expedition, 1589; attached himself to Gabriel Harvey; publishedBeawtie dishonoured, written under the title of Shore's Wife and verses against Thomas Nashe, 1593; satirised by Nashe, 1596.
  367. ^ Chaloner Chute (d. 1659), speaker of the House of Commons; barrister of the Middle Temple; practised in chancery; much employed as royalist counsel, 1641; bought the Vyne, Hampshire, 1653; elected M.P. for Middlesex, 1656, but was excluded; M.P. for Middlesex, 1659; speaker, 27 Jan.-9 March 1659.
  368. ^ Saint Ciaran (516–549), of Clonmacnpi ; commemorated on 9 Sept.; spelt also Keyrau, Kieran, and Quiaranus; son of an Ulster refugee; educated by St. Finnian in Meath; obtained Olonmacnois, 548, and founded the monastery there.
  369. ^ Saint Ciaran (. 500–560), of Saigir, bishop of Ossory; commemorated on 5 March; born on Clear Island; a hermit in King's County; founded the monastery of Saigir or SeirMeran, near Birr.
  370. ^ Caius Gabriel Cibber (1630-1700), sculptor; born in Holstein; trained at Rome; brought to England by John Stone; his works include figures for Bethlehem Hospital, 1680, and the phoenix above the south door of St. Paul's.
  371. ^ Charlotte Cibber (d. 1760?).
  372. ^ Colley Cibber (1671–1757), actor and dramatist; son of Caius Gabriel Cibber; educated at Grantham school, 1682-7; served in the Earl of Devonshire's levy for the Prince of Orange, 1688: joined united companies at Theatre Royal, 1690; known as Mr. Colley; played minor parts, 1691; failed in tragedy, but made a good impression in comedy; 1692-4; brought out his first play, Love's Last Shift 1696; recognised as the leading actor of eccentric characters, 1697-1732; brought out some thirty dramatic pieces, 1697-1748, including several smart comedies: obtained a profitable share in the management of Drury Lane, c. 1711, and held it in spite of the machinations of the tones; brought out The Nonjuror 1717, a play directed against the Jacobites; fiercely attacked by other writers on his appointment as poet laureate, December 1730; retired from the stage, 1733, but reappeared at intervals till 1745: published an autobiography entitled Apology for the Life of Colley Cibbcr, Comedian 1740, two letters to Pone, 1742-4, a poor Character... of Cicero 1747, and some worthless official odes; made by Pope the hero of the Dunciad (1742). The title of the chap-book, Colley Cibber's Jests 1761, shows his notoriety.
  373. ^ Susannah Maria Cibber (1714–1766), actress ; nee Arne; well educated; murried, 1734, Theophilus Cibber ; separated from her husband, 1738; first sung in opera at the Haymarket, 1732; first appeared iii tragedy, 1736; highly esteemed as a vocalist, both in oratorio and opera; an especial favourite with Handel; failed in comedy fail-l in tragedy till she shook off the oldfashionwl style of declamation; acknowledged as a powerful tragedian, 1744; joined Garrick's company at Drury Lane, 1753; wrote a comedy, The Oracle 1752.
  374. ^ Theophilus Cibber (1703–1758), actor and playwright; son of Colley Cibber; educated at Winchester; first appeared on the stage, 1721; continued to act at various London theatres with success, till death; appeared at Dublin, 1743; published a life of Barton Booth, Dissertations on Theatrical Subjects 1756, a few dramatic pieces, 1730-57, and pamphlets. Lives of the Poete 1753, which has Gibber's name on the title-page, was mainly compiled by Robert Shiels
  375. ^ Saint Cilian (d. 697), apostle of Franconia; commi-inonitcd on 8 July; spelt also Kilian, Chillianus, Caelianus, and Quillianus; born in Cavan; a bishop in Ireland; went to Franconia, c. 689; martyred at Würzburg.
  376. ^ Cimelliauc (d. 927), bishop of Llandaff; given estates for the church of Llandaff by Brochmael, king of Gwent; excommunicated Brochmael; taken prisoner by the vikings, 918, but ransomed by Bad ward the elder; his name spelt in modern Welsh, Cyfeiliawg; supposed by some to be Saint Cyfelach.
  377. ^ Giovanni Battista Cipriani (1727–1785), historical painter and engraver; born in Florence; went to Rome, 1750; came to London, 1755; taught drawing, 1758; R.A., 1768; exhibited, 1769-83; a prolific book illustrator.
  378. ^ Richard of Cirencester (d. 1401?), chronicler; monk of St. Peter's, Westminster, 1355; visited Jerusalem, 1391; returned to the abbey; compiled Speculum Historiale 447-1066 A.D.; wrote other works now lost. Charles Bertram fathered on him a famous forgery, De situ Britanniae.
  379. ^ Nicholas Clagett , the elder (1610?–1663), puritan; entered Merton College, Oxford, 1628; M.A. Magdalen Hall, 1634; vicar of Melbourne, Derbyshire, e. 1636; preacher at Bury St. Edmunds, 1644-62; published The Abuse of God's Grace 1669.
  380. ^ Nicholas Clagett, the younger (1654–1727), controversialist; son of Nicholas Clagett the elder; educated at Norwich and Cambridge; D.D., 1704; preacher at Bury St. Edmunds, 1680-1727; rector of Thurlow Parva, Norfolk, 1683; archdeacon of Sudbury, 1693; rector of Hitcham, Suffolk, 1707; published pamphlets, 1683-1710.
  381. ^ Nicholas Clagett (d. 1746), bishop of Exeter; son of Nicholas Clagett the younger; D.D. Cambridge; dean of Rochester, 1724; bishop of St. David's, 1732; translated to Exeter, 1742.
  382. ^ William Clagett (1646–1688), controversialist; eldest son of Nicholas Clagett the elder; entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1659; M.A., 1667; D.D., 1683; preacher at Bury St. Edmund's, 1672-80; preacher at Gray's Inn, 1680, and at St. Michael Basslshaw, 1686; rector of Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire, 1683; published treatises against nonconformity and Romanism, 1680-9. His sermons appeared posthumously, 1689-1720.
  383. ^ Charles Clagget (1740?–1820?), musician; in the orchestra at the Dublin theatre, c. 1766; came to London, 1778; patented musical Inventions, 1776 and 1788; visited by Haydn, 1792; published pamphlets.
  384. ^ Clara Mary Jane Clairmont (1798–1879), called herself Claire; daughter, by a former marriage, of Mary Jane, second wife of William Godwin; accompanied Mary Godwin, her step-sister (1814). in her elopement with Shelley; became intimate with Lord Byron, 1816; with the Shelleys, followed Byron to Switzerland; gave birth to a daughter, AUegra, at Bath, January 1817; accompanied the Shelleys to Italy, 1818; ner daughter taken from her by Byron, 1818, and placed in a convent near Ravenna, 182i; governess in Russia and Italy; resided in Paris and Florence; embraced Romanbm.
  385. ^ Baron Clanbrassil first Baron (1788–1870). See Robert Jocelyn
  386. ^ Clancarty fourth Earl of (1668–1734). See Donogh Maccarthy.
  387. ^ Clancarty second EARL of the second creation, and first VISCOUNT or (1767-1837). See TRENCH, RICHARD LE POER.
  388. ^ Claneboye first Viscount (1559–1643). See James Hamilton.
  389. ^ William Reid Clanny (1776–1850), inventor (1812) of a mining safety-lamp; educated in Edinburgh: M.D., 1803; practitioner at Bishops wearmouth; published medical tracts.
  390. ^ Clanricarde, fifth Earl of (1604–1657). See Ulick de Burgh.
  391. ^ Clanwilliam, third Earl of (1795–1879). See Richard George Francis Meade.
  392. ^ David Clapham (d. 1551), translator (1542-5) of Cornelius Agrippa; LL.B. Cambridge, 1533; practised at Doctors Commons.
  393. ^ Henoch Clapham (fl. 1600), theological writer ; pastor of an English congregation at Amsterdam, 1596-8; pastor in London, 1603; imprisoned, 1603-5; possibly vicar of Northbourne, Kent, 1607; published devotional and doctrinal treatises, 1695-7, tracts against schismatics, 1600-9, and tracts on the plague of 1603, 1603-4.
  394. ^ Samuel Clapham (1755–1830), divine; M.A. Cambridge, 1784; vicar of Great Ouseburn, Yorkshire, 1797; vicar of Christ Church, Hampshire, 1802; rector of Gussage St. Michael, Dorset, 1806; published sermons and miscellaneous works.
  395. ^ Richard Clapole (fl. 1286). See Clapwell
  396. ^ Hugh Clapperton (1788–1827), African explorer ; cabin-boy, 1801; pressed for the navy; midshipman; served in the East Indies, 1808-13, and .in Canada, 18141817; placed on half-pay; travelled in Nigeria, 1822-5; commander R.N., 1825; travelled again in Nigeria, 18251827; died near Sokota. Accounts of his travels were published by his companions Dixon Denham, 1826, and Richard Lander, 1830.
  397. ^ Richard Clapwell or Knapwell (fl. 1286), Dominican; spelt also Olapole; D.D. Oxford; wrote on scholastic theology; condemned for heresy by Franciscan primate (Peckham), 1286, and Franciscan pope (Nicholas IV), 1288; withdrew to Bologna.
  398. ^ Earls of Clare . See CLARE, RICHARD DR, first Earl d. 1090? ; CLARE, GILBERT DE, second EARL, d. 1115 ?; CLARE, RICHARD DE, third EARL, d. 1136 ?; CLARE, ROGER DE, fifth EARL, d. 1173; CLARE, GILBERT DE, seventh EARL, d. 1230; CLARK, RICHARD DK, eighth EARL, 1222-1262; CLARE, GILBERT DE, ninth EARL, 12431295; CLARE, GILBERT DE, tenth EARL, 1291-1314; HOLLES, JOHN, first EARL of the second creation, 1664 ?1637; HOLLES, JOHN, second EARL, 1595-1666; HOLLE?, GILBERT, third EARL, 1633-1689; HOLLES, JOHN, fourth EARL, 1662-1711; PELHAM-HOLKS, THOMAS, first EARL of the third creation, 1693-1768; FITZGIBBON, JOHN, first EARL of the fourth creation, 1749-1802.
  399. ^ Viscounts Clare . See O'BRIEN, DANIEL, first Viscount 1577?–1663; O'BRIEN, DANIEL, third VISCount d. 1690; O'BRIEN, CHARLES, fifth VISCOUNT, d. 1706; O'BRIEN, CHARLES, sixth VISCOUNT, 1699-1761.
  400. ^ Family of de Clare; took its name from the manor of Clare, Suffolk; founded by Richard de Clare (d. 1090 ?), who followed the Conqueror to England, and was son of Gilbert (d. 1039), count of Eu or Brionne, and grandson of Godfrey, a bastard of Richard (d. 996) the Fearless duke of Normandy. Richard's son, Gilbert de Clare (d. 1115 ?),, conquered lands in Wales. From him, by his elder son, descended the Earls of Hertford or Clare, and by his younger son the Earls of Pembroke or Strigul. The house attained its zenith in Gilbert de Clare (d. 1230) The male line ended in Gilbert de Clare, tenth earl The dukedom of 'Clarencecreated 1362, when the tenth Earl's grandniece married Edward Ill's third son Lionel.
  401. ^ Elizabeth de Clare (1291?–1360), third daughter of Gilbert de Clare, ninth earl (1243-1295); born at Acre; married (1) John de Burgh (. 1313), son of Richard, second earl of Ulster: (2) Theobald, baron Verdon (c. 1316); (3) Robert (or Roger), baron Damory (.. 1321); became (1314), on the death of her brother Gilbert declare, tenth earl, Lady of Clare; endowed, 1336, University Hall, Cambridge (afterwards called Clare Hall or College), and gave it a body of statutes, 1359.
  402. ^ Gilbert de Clare (d. 1115?), baronial leader ; son of Richard de Clare (d. 1090 ?); tried to hold Tunbridge Castle against Rufus, 1088; in attendance on Rufus, 1100, and on Henry 1, 1101; conquered Cardigan, 1107 or 1111.
  403. ^ Gilbert de Clare, seventh Earl of Clare, fifth Earl of Hertford, and sixth Earl of Gloucester (d. 1230), among the twenty-five barons appointed to carry out Magna Charta, 1215; excommunicated by Innocent III, 1216; succeeded his father in the earldom of Hertford, c. 1217; inherited, through his mother, the earldom of Gloucester, 1217: fought against the Welsh, 1228: attended Henry HI to Brittany, 1230.
  404. ^ Gilbert De Clare, called the 'Red' ninth Earl of Clare, seventh Earl of Hertford, and eighth Earl of Gloucester (1243-1295), son of Richard de Clare, eighth earl; married Alice, niece of Henry III, 1253; succeeded to the earldoms, July 1262; refused the oath of allegiance to Prince Edward, 1263; acted with Simon de Montfort, 1263; was reconciled to Henry III, October 1263; in arms against Henry; massacred the Jews of Canterbury, 1264; commanded the centre at Lewes, 1264; quarrelled with De Moutfort, November 1264; protected the banished marcher lords; fled to the Welsh marches, 1265; joined Prince Edward, and prevented De Montfort from crossing the Severn: commanded division at Evesham, August 1265; joined Prince Edward in reducing the Cinque ports, 1266; pleaded for the disinherited barons, 266; refused to attend parliament, January 1267; took London, 1267, but was reconciled to Henry III two months afterwards; took the cross, 1268: obtained the restoration of their lands to the disinherited barons, 1271; proclaimed Edward I, Novemtjer 1272; divorced his first wife, 1271 (or 1285); fought against the Welsh, 1276-1283; married Joan, daughter of Edward I, 1290; took the cross, 1290: imprisoned for making private war, 1291; driven out of Wales by a native rising, 1294.
  405. ^ Gilbert De Clare, tenth Earl of Clare, eighth Earl of Hertford, and ninth Earl of Gloucester (1291-1314), son of Gilbert de Clare, ninth earl; ward of Ralph de Monthermer, 1296; companion of Edward II: served in Scotland, 1306; summoned to parliament, 1308; commanded the English forces in Scotland, 1309: adhered to Edward II in his dispute with Lancaster, 1310: mediated between Edward II and Lancaster, 1313; killed at Bannockburn, 1314.
  406. ^ John Clare (1577–1628), reputed author of a Romanist tract The Converted Jew, published 1630; born in Wiltshire; Jesuit, 1605; tutor at Louvain and Rome; became rector of the Jesuits in Wales before 1628.
  407. ^ John Clare (1793–1864), poet; son of a Northamptonshire labourer; a herd-boy: attended nightschools; under-gardener; read Thomson's Seasons, 1808; wrote songs; kept dissolute company; militiaman at Oundle, 1812: a vagrant: issued proposal to print his poems, 1817: published his first volume, 1820; visited London, 1820, 1822, 1824, 1828; failed as a farmer, 1827 and 1831; in constant poverty, although holding annuities of 452. a year; became imbecile, 1837; published Poems... of Rural Life 1820, The Village Minstrel 1821, Shepherd's Calendar 1827, and The Rural Muse 1835.
  408. ^ Osbert de Clare (fl. 1136), hagiologist; monk of Westminster; banished from the monastery, c. 1129-1133; elected prior, 1136; sent to Rome to advocate canonisation of Edward the Oonfesior, 1141; again expelled from the monastery; wrote lives of Saints Eadmund, Ethelberht, Eadburh, and Edward the Confessor; a volume of his letters published, 1846.
  409. ^ Peter Clare (1738–1786), London surgeon ; published modic-ul tracts, 1778-80.
  410. ^ Sir Ralph Clare (1587–1670), royalist: fought at Worcester, 1642 and 1661; impoverished by the civil war; opponent of Richard Baxter.
  411. ^ Richard de Clare (d. 1090?), founder of the family of de Clare; known as Richard Fitzftilbert or Richard of Tonbridge; received itnu-s in SutTolk and Kent; chief justiciar, 1075: in attendance on William I 1080-1.
  412. ^ Richard de Clare (d. 1136?), son of Gilbert de Clare (d. 1115 ?); perhaps the first to use the surname of Clare; possibly created Earl of Hertford; killed by the Welsh; founded Tonbridge Priory,
  413. ^ Richard de Clare or Richard Strongbow, second EARL OF PEMBROKE AND STRIGUL (d. 1176), succeeded to the estates, 1148: signed the treaty of Westminster, 1153; allowed to retain the title (one of Stephen's creations); said to have lost his estates, c. 1167; escorted Princess Matilda to Germany, 1168; induced by the dethroned Dermot to intervene in Leinster, 1168; stormed Waterford, 1170: married Eva, eldest daughter of Dermot; reached Dublin, September: invaded Meath and wintered at Waterford: tried to soothe Henry II's jealousy by offering him his Irish conquests, 1171; confronted by an Irish risincr on Dermot's death, 1171: defeated Roderic O'Connor at Dublin, July 1171: put to death Murrough O'Brien; forced to surrender his castles and seaports to Henry II; kept court at Kildare, while King Henry was marohH through Ireland, 1171-2; summoned to Normandy to aid King Henry, 1173; granted Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin; defeated in Muuster, 1174; held hostages from all the great Irish princes, 1175; according to legend slew his sou for cowardice.
  414. ^ Richard de Clare , eighth EARL OF CLARE, sixth EARL OF HERTFORD, and seventh EARL OF GLOUCESTER (1222-1262), son of Gilbert de Clare, seventh earl ; succeeded, while still a minor, 1230; obtained possession of his Glamorgan estates, 1240; defeated by the Welsh, 1244: went on pilgrimage, 1249; visited the pope at Lyons, 1250: ref used to join Henry Ill's expedition to Gascony, 1253; envoy to Scotland, 1255, and to Germany, 1256; defeated by the Welsh, 1257: joined Simon de Montfort against the king, 1258; quarrelled with De Montfort, 1259; in friendly attendance on the king, 1259-61: quarrelled with Prince Edward, 1261.
  415. ^ Roger de Clare , fifth EARL OF CLARE and third EARL OF HERTFORD (d. 1173), younger son of Richard de Clare (d. 1136?),; succeeded his brother Gilbert in the title and estates, 1152; signed treaty of Westminster, 1153; conquered part of Cardigan, 1157: defeated by Rhys ap Grtiffudd, c. 1159; in France, 1160-1; refused Archbishop Becket's claim for homage for Tonbridge Castle, 1163; again defeated by Rhys, 1163; in France, 1171.
  416. ^ Walter de Clare (d. 1138?), founder of Tintern Abbey, a monastery for Cistercians, 1131.
  417. ^ Clarembald (fl. 1161), secular priest; made abbot of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, by Henry II, 1161; removed by the pope, 1176; a justiciar, 1170.
  418. ^ Dukes of Clarence . See Lionel 1338–1368; Thomas 1388?-1421 ; GEORGE, 1449–1478 ; WILLIAM IV, 1765-1887.
  419. ^ Duke of Clarence and Avondale (1864-1892). See Albert Victor.
  420. ^ Earls of Clarendon . See HYDE, EDWARD, first Earl 1609–1674 ; HYDK, HENRY, second EARL, 1638-1700; VILLIERS, THOMAS, first EARL of the second creation, 1709-1786; VILLIERS, JOHN CHARLES, third i: uu., 1757-1838: VILLIERH, GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK, fourth EARL, 1800-1870.
  421. ^ Sir Roger Clarendon (d. 1402), reputed bastard son of the Black Prince; hanged by Henry IV as being a possible pretender.
  422. ^ Sir Thomas Clarges (d. 1695), politician: styled M.D.; brother-in-law of George Monck, 1654; sat as a Scottish member in the Commonwealth parliaments, 1656 and 1658; intermediary between Mouck and the Commonwealth leaders; muster-master general, 16 GO: conveyed to Charles II the invitation of parliament to return, May 1660; kuighted; M.P. for Westminster, 1660, for Southwark, 1666, for Christchurch, 1679-85, and for Oxford University, 1689, 1690.
  423. ^ Claribel (pseudonym). See Charlotte Alington Barnard–1830–1869.
  424. ^ Richard Claridge (1649–1723), quaker minister ; B.A. Oxford, 1670; M.A., 1677; rector of Peopleton, Worcestershire, 1673-91; preacher in Oxford, 1692; Baptist preacher nnd schoolmaster in London, 1692; joined the Quakers, 1696; quaker minister, 1697; school r;it Barking, 1702, and at Tottenham, 1707-23; published political and controversial tracts, 1689-1714; author of other works, which appeared posthumously.
  425. ^ Baron Clarina (1719–1804). See Eyre Massey.
  426. ^ John Chalk Claris (1797?–1866), journalist; ; ?cd at Canterbury; edited the Kent Herald 1826-05; published poems, 1816-22, under the name Arthur Brooke.
  427. ^ Sir Andrew Clark (1826–1893), physician; apprenticed in Dundee; studied at Edinburgh; M.R.c.S. England, 1844; joined naval medical service, 1846; M.R.C.P. London, and M.D. Aberdeen, 1854; F.R.C.P., 1858; Croonian lecturer, 1868; Lumleian lecturer, 1886, and president, 1888 till death; physician to London Hospital, 1866-86; created baronet, 1833; P.R.S., 1885.
  428. ^ Charles Clark (1806–1880), proprietor of the Great Totham press; farmer at Great Totham; printed a History of Great Totham 1831, and many satirical broadsides; issued reprints of scarce tracts; withdrew to Heybridge, Essex, before 1859.
  429. ^ Edwin Clark (1814–1894), engineer ; brother of Josiah Latimer Clark; superintending engineer of Menai Straits bridge; engineer to Electric and International Telegraph Company, 1850; M.I.C.E., 1850; patented various electric and hydraulic appliances.
  430. ^ Frederick Scotson Clark (1840–1883), organist; organist and music master in London, 18541865; organist of Exeter College, Oxford, 1865; Mus. Bac., 1867; Anglican chaplain abroad; organ-master in London, 1875, 1880; composed slight pieces.
  431. ^ George Aitken Clark (1823–1873), manufacturer and philanthropist; threadmaker in Paisley and America; benefactor of Glasgow University and of Paisley.
  432. ^ George Thomas Clark (1809–1898), engineer and archaeologist; educated at Charterhouse; employed under Brunei on Great Western Railway; engaged on sewerage, salt, and railway works in India, 1843; on board of health; trustee of Dowlais estate and ironworks under will of Sir Josiah John Guest, 1852, and administrator of the Dowlais undertakings till 1897; assisted (Sir) Henry d . to perfect his process of steel manufacture; first president of British Iron Trade Association, 1876; sheriff of Glamorganshire, 1868; assisted in founding Archaeological Association (now Royal Archaeological Institute), 1843. His works include: Mediaeval Military Architecture in England 1884; and contributions to the history of Glamorganshire.
  433. ^ James Clark ((. 1819), physician in Dominica ; afterwards in London; published a memoir on Yellow Fever 1797; contributed to scientific journals.
  434. ^ Sir James Clark (1788–1870), physician ; M.A. Aberdeen; lawyer's clerk; naval surgeon, 1809-15; M.D. Edinburgh, 1817; practitioner in Rome, 1819-26, and in London, 1826-60; court physician; created baronet, 1837; unpopular in consequence of his connection with the case of Lady Flora Hastings; published medical papers, 1817-42.
  435. ^ Jeremiah Clark (d. 1809), organist ; chorister of Worcester Cathedral; music teacher in Birmingham, c. 1770; Mus. Bac.; organist of Worcester Cathedral, 1806; published urn-ic.
  436. ^ John Clark (1688–1736), writing-master of London; published books on penmanship and book-keeping, 1708-3.
  437. ^ John Clark (1744–1806). medical philanthropist ; studied medicine at Edinburgh; surgeon in the East India Company's service, 1768-75: M.D. St. Andrews; practitioner at Newcastle; founded the Newcastle Dispensary; wrote on medical subjects.
  438. ^ John Clark (d. 1807), Gaelic scholar ; land aent in Wales; wrote on the Ossianic controversy, 1781; published (1778) what purported to be translations of highland poems.
  439. ^ John Clark (d. 1879).
  440. ^ Joseph Clark (. 169?), posture-master, of London; nicknamed Proteus Clark."
  441. ^ Josiah Latimer Clark (1822–1898), engineer ; assistant engineer of Menai Straits bridge, 1848; chief engineer, Electric and International Telegraph Company, 1860-70; M.I.C.E., 1861; in partnership with Sir Charles Tilston Bright, 1861-8; formed, 1868, with Henry Charles Forde (1827-1897), firm of Clark, Forde & Taylor, which engaged in cable laying In various parts of the world; joined partnership with John Standfield as hydraulic and canal engineer, 1874; F.R.S., 1889; F.R.G.S.; F.R.A.S.; patented electrical and other inventions; published works relating to engineering.
  442. ^ Richard Clark (1739–1831), attorney, of London; alderman, 1776-98; sheriff, 1777; lord mayor, 1784; city chamberlain, 1798-1831.
  443. ^ Richard Clark (1780–1856), musician ; chorister of St. George's Chapel, Windsor; choirman of St. George's and Eton College, 1802-11, of the Chapel Royal, 1820, of St. Paul's, 1827, and Westminster, 1828; wrote on musical topics.
  444. ^ Samuel Clark (1810–1876), promoter of education; son of a quaker basket-maker of Southampton; selftaught; partner in Darton & Clark's publishing firm, London, 1836-43; edited Peter Parley's Annuals: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1846; vice-principal of Chelsea Training College, 1846-50; principal of Battersea Training College, 1851-63; vicar of Bredwardine, Herefordshire, 1863-71; rector of Eaton Bishop, 1871-5; published
  445. ^ Thomas Clark (d. 1792), presbyterian divine; educated at Glasgow University; licentiate of the secession church, 1748; preacher and medical practitioner in Ulster, 1749; emigrated to America, 1764; published controversial tracts, 1751-5.
  446. ^ Thomas Clark (1801–1867), chemist ; employed in the St. Rollox chemical works; M.D. Glasgow, 1831; professor of chemistry, Aberdeen, 1833-60; inventor of the soap-test for discovering hardness of water and of a process for softening chalk waters.
  447. ^ Thomas Clark (1820–1876), Scottish landscape painter; studied art at Edinburgh; exhibited, 1840.
  448. ^ William Clark (d. 1603), Roman catholic priest; educated at Douay, 1587, and Rome, 1589; sent on the English mission, 1592; imprisoned in Southwark, 1602; executed, 1603.
  449. ^ William Clark (1698–1780?), physician; M.D. Leyden; practitioner in London, and, 1747-72, at Bradford, Wiltshire; wrote on midwifery.
  450. ^ William Clark (1788–1869), anatomist ; son of John Clark (1744-1806); B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1808; fellow, 1809-27; studied medicine in London; friend of Lord Byron; professor of anatomy, Cambridge, 1817-66; travelled, 1818-20; M.D., 1827; rector of Guiseley, Yorkshire, 1826-69; wrote on science.
  451. ^ William Clark (1821–1880), civil engineer ; in partnership in London, 1851; engineer in Calcutta, 18551874; planned the drainage of Madras, 1874, and of several Australian towns, 1876-8.
  452. ^ William George Clark (1821–1878), Shakespearean scholar; educated at Shrewsbury; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1844, till death; public orator, 1857-70; joint-editor of theCambridge Shakespeare 1863-6; published notes of travel, sermons and essays; endowed Clark lectureship in English literature at Trinity College, Cambridge.
  453. ^ William Tierney Clark (1783–1852), civil engineer: millwright at Bristol; mechanic in foundrj at Coalbrookdale; engineer to the West Middlesex Waterworks; designed suspension bridges; F.R.S., 1837.
  454. ^ John Clark-Kennedy (1817–1867), colonel; cornet, 1833; captain, 1841; served in China, 1842, 1847, in the Sikh war, 1848-9, and in the Crimea, 1854-5; commandant of the military train, 1862; died at Cairo.
  455. ^ Adam Clarke (1762?–1832), theologian ; educated at Kingswood school, near Bristol: a methodist, 1778; preacher on the Wiltshire circuit, 1782; lived near London from 1805; LL.D. Aberdeen, 1808; published bibliographical works, 1803-, and a scriptural commentary, 1810-26; began to edit Rymer's Foedera 1818; his miscellaneous works printed, 1836.
  456. ^ Alured Clarke (1696–1742), dean of Exeter; educated at St. Paul's School, 1712-19; entered Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1713; fellow, 1718; M.A., 1720; D.D., 1728; rector of CbJlbolton, Hampshire, 1723; prebendary of Winchester, 1723, and Westminster, 1731; dean of Exeter, 1741; published sermons.
  457. ^ Sir Alured Clarke (1746?–1832), field-marshal ; lieutenant, 1760: served in Germany; captain, 1767; lieutenant-colonel, 1775; served in America and West Indies, 1776-94; major-general; served at the Cape, 1795; K.B., 1797; commander-in-chief in Bengal, 1797, and in India, 1798-1801; field-marshal, 1830.
  458. ^ Charles Clarke (d. 1760), judge ; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1723; recorder of Huntingdon, 1731; M.P., Huntingdonshire, 1739; M.P., Whitchurch, 1741; baron of the exchequer, 1743.
  459. ^ Charles Clarke (*. 1767), antiquary ; of Balliol College, Oxford, 1736; F.S.A., 1752.
  460. ^ Charles Clarke (d. 1840), antiquary ; clerk in the ordnance office, 1783-1807; F.S.A., 1796; wrote on architectural subjects.
  461. ^ Charles Cowden Clarke - (1787–1877), author ; friend of John Keats; resided at Ramsgate, 1810; publisher in London, 1820; lectured on Shakespeare and parts of European literature, 1834-56; withdrew to Nice, 1856, and to Genoa, 1861. His wife, Mrs. Mary Victoria Oowden-Olarke, was also an author.
  462. ^ Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke (1782–1857), accoucheur; educated at St. Paul's School, St. George's Hospital, and the Hunterian School of Medicine; lecturer on midwifery, 1804-21; M.D. Lambeth, 1827; created baronet, 1831; published medical treatises.
  463. ^ Cuthbert Clarke (fl. 1777), writer on agriculture and mechanics.
  464. ^ Edward Clarke (d. 1630), diplomatist; sent by Charles I to Madrid, 1623, Germany, 1627, and Rochelle, 1628.
  465. ^ Edward Clarke (1730–1786), traveller; son of William Clarke (1696-1771); M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1756; rector of Peperharow, Surrey, 1758; embassy chaplain at Madrid, 1760; chaplain at Minorca, 1763-8; vicar of Willingdon and rector of Buxted, Sussex, 1769; published Letters on Spain 1763, and other works.
  466. ^ Edward Daniel Clarke (1769–1822), traveller ; second son of Edward Clarke (1730-1786); educated at Tonbridge; entered Jesus College, Cambridge, 1786; fellow; M.A., 1794; LL.D., 1803; travelled as tutor in Great Britain, 1790, Italy, 1792, Germany, 1794, Wales, 1794, Scotland, 1797, Northern Europe, 1799, Southern Russia, 1800, and Asia Minor, Palestine, Greece, 1801; collected minerals, coins, manuscripts, and marbles; presented his Greek statues to Cambridge University, 1803; rector of Harlton, Cambridgeshire, 1806, and of Yeldham, Essex, 1809-22; sold his manuscripts to the Bodleian, 1808; professor of mineralogy, Cambridge, 1808; univerity librarian, 1817; Travels published 1810-23; wrote on minerals and Greek antiquities.
  467. ^ Edward Goodman Clarke (Jl. 1812), physician; army officer in West Indies; M.D. Aberdeen, 1791; army physician; wrote medical treatises.
  468. ^ George Clarke (1660–1736), politician and virtuoso: son of Sir William Clarke (16237-1666) q v 1 B.A. Oxford, 1679; fellow of All Souls 1680-1736; D.C.L 1708; M.P. for Oxford University, 1686, for East Looe. 1706, and lor Oxford University, 1717-36; judge-advocategeneral, 1684-1705; secretary at war, 1692-1704; joint secretary to the admiralty, 1702-5; a lord of the admiralty. 1712-14; architect; benefactor of All Soulsand Worcester colleges, Oxford.
  469. ^ George Clarke (1796–1843), sculptor ; exhibited in London, 1821-39; called the Birmingham Chantrey."
  470. ^ Harriet Ludlow Clarke (d. 1866), artist; wood-engraver, 1837; artist in stained glass, 1861.
  471. ^ Henry Clarke (1743–1818), mathematician ; educated at Manchester grammar school; schoolmaster to Yorkshire; land surveyor in Manchester; schoolmaster in Salford, Manchester, and (1799) Bristol; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1802; professor in the military academy, 1802-17; published mathematical treatises.
  472. ^ Hewson Clarke (1787–1832?), miscellaneous writer; chemist's assistant at Gateshead; wrote for local paper; for a time at Emmanuel College, Camt hack-writer in London; satirised, and was satirised by Byron; wrote on contemporary European and Eng history.
  473. ^ Jacob Augustus Lockhart Clarke (18 1880), anatomist; studied medicine in London; consulting physician on nervous disorders; M.D. St. Andrews, 1869; wrote on histology and nervous diseases.
  474. ^ James Clarke (1798–1861), antiquary ; local antiquities; published The Suffolk Antiquary 1849.
  475. ^ James Fernandez Clarke (1812–1875), cal writer; apprenticed to a London physician; medicine in Dublin; wrote for the Lancet 1834-74 practitioner in London; published an autobi _ 1874. x.
  476. ^ James Stanier Clarke (1766?–1834), author ; eldest son of Edward Clarke (1730-1786); rector of Preston, Sussex, 1790; naval chaplain, 1795-9; domestic chaplain to the Prince of Wales, 1799; LL.D. Oambridg 1816; canon of Windsor, 1821; published sermons, naval history, and lives of Nelson and James II.
  477. ^ Jeremiah Clarke (1669?–1707), composer; chorister of the Chapel Royal; organist at Winchester; vicar-choral of St. Paul's, 1699; organist at the Chapel Royal, 1704; committed suicide; composed songs, anthems, and music for the theatres.
  478. ^ John Clarke or Clerk (1582–1653), physician; M.D. Cambridge, 1615; practised in London; revised the 'Pharmacopoeia
  479. ^ John Clarke (1609–1676), colonist; physician in London; one of the first settlers at Rhode Island, 1638; physician and baptist preacher there; in England as agent for the colony, 1651-63; obtained a charter for it, 1663; returned to Rhode Island, 1663; published pamphlets.
  480. ^ John Clarke (1662–1723), Jesuit; called the apostle of Belgium; born at Kilkenny; educated at St. Omer's; joined the Jesuits, 1681; mlssioner in Belgium. 1690-1718.
  481. ^ John Clarke (1687–1734), schoolmaster ; M.A. Sfc John's College, Cambridge, 1710; schoolmaster at Hull (1720) and Gloucester; published Latin grammars, translations, and philosophical tracts.
  482. ^ John Clarke (1682–1757), dean of Salisbury; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1707; D.D., 1717; prebendary of Norwich; canon of Canterbury, 1721; dean of Salisbury, 1728; published translations and philosophical tracts.
  483. ^ John Clarke (1706–1761), schoolmaster; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1726; fellow, 1729; M.A., 1730; incumbent of Nun Moukton, Yorkshire; schoolmaster at Skipton, Beverley, 1735, and Wakefield, 1751.
  484. ^ John Clarke (1761–1815), physician; studied medicine in London; accoucheur in London; lectured on midwifery; wrote medical treatises.
  485. ^ John Clarke (1770–1836), Mus. Doc. See Whitfield.
  486. ^ John Clarke (d. 1879), comedian; a photographer; acted in the provinces; acted in London, 1852; became celebrated as a burlesque actor, 1856.
  487. ^ John Randall Clarke (1828?–1863), architect ; published architectural histories of Gloucester and Llanthony Abbey, as well as Gloucester Cathedral and Mauxlcy Hall, two romances.
  488. ^ John Sleeper Clarke (1833–1899), actor ; born in Baltimore; educated for American law; first appeared on stage at Boston, 1851; joint lessee successively of Arch Street Theatre, Philadelphia, Winter Garden Theatre, New York, and other houses; managed Haymarket, 1878, and Strand, 1885.
  489. ^ Joseph Clarke (d. 1749), controversialist; educated at Westminster; fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge: M.A.
  490. ^ Joseph Clarke (1758–1834), physician; educated at Glasgow University, 1775-6; and Edinburgh University, 1776-9; M.D. Edinburgh, 1779; studied midwifery in London, 1781; accoucheur in Dublin, 1781-1829; physician to the lying-in hospital, 1786; wrote medical treatises. i; M.A. St.
  491. ^ Joseph Clarke (1811?–1860), divine; John's College, Cambridge, 1841; rector of Stretford, Lancashire; published tracts.
  492. ^ Marcus Andrew Hislop Clarke (1846–1881), author; generally called MARCUS CLARKE; emigrated to Victoria, 1863; journalist in Melbourne, 1867; wrote novels, plays, and pantomimes.
  493. ^ Mary Anne Clarke (1776–1852), mistress of Frederick, duke of York; n4t Thompson; married Clarke, a stonemason, 1794; actress; lived extravagantly, 1803; bribed to use her influence to obtain army promotions from the Duke of York, commander-in-chief; examined by the Commons, 1809; tried for libel, 1809; imprisoned tor libel, 1813; withdrew to Paris, c. 1816.
  494. ^ Mary Victoria Clarke 00 WDEN- (1809–1898), compiler of a concordance to Shakespeare; daughter of Vincent Novello; married Charles Oowden-Clarke fq. v., 1828; produced, 1829-41, Complete Concordance to Shakespeare published in monthly parts, 1844-6; she resided in Italy from 1856. Her works includeThe Shakespeare Key 1879, andRecollections of Writers 1878, written in collaboration with her husband.
  495. ^ Matthew Clarke , the elder (1630?-1708?), congregational minister; son of a Shropshire parson; educated at Westminster School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1653; army chaplain in Scotland; intruded rector of Narborough, Leicestershire, 1657-62; nonconformist preacher in Leicestershire; congregational minister at Market Harborough, 1672.
  496. ^ Matthew Clarke , the younger (1664–1726), congregational minister; son of Matthew Clarke the elder ; assistant minister at Market Harborough, 1684; minister at Sandwich, 1687; pastor of the congregational church, Miles Lane, London, 1689; preacher at Pinners Hall, 1697; published sermons.
  497. ^ Matthew Clarke (1701–1778), physician; studied medicine at Leyden, 1721; M.D. Cambridge, 1728; physician to Guy's Hospital, 1732-54.
  498. ^ Sir Robert Clarke (d. 1607), judge; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1668; baron of the exchequer, 1587; knighted, 1603.
  499. ^ Robert Clarke (d. 1676), Latin poet; real name Graine; educated at Douay; professor of poetry at Douay: sent on the English mission, 1629; Carthusian at Nieuport, 1632-75; wrote, in Latin, plays and a religious epic.
  500. ^ Samuel Clarke (1626–1669), orientalist; educated at Merton College, Oxford, 1640-4; M.A., 1648; schoolmaster at Islington; contributed to Walton's Biblia Polyglotta; esquire bedell of law and architypographus, 1 Oxford, 1658-69; studied Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, and Turkish.
  501. ^ Samuel Clarke (1599–1683), divine; entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1616; curate in Cheshire; puritan preacher at Warwick; rector of Alcester, Warwickshire, 1633-45; curate of St. Bennet Fink, London, 1642-62; member of the Savoy conference, 1661; withdrew to Isleworth; published poems, devotional tracts, and numerous biographies.
  502. ^ Samuel Clarke or Clark (1626–1701), annotator of the bible; eldest son of Samuel Clarke (1599-1683); of Pembroke College, Cambridge; intruded fellow, 1644-51; intruded rector of Grendon Underwood, Buckinghamshire; ejected, 1662; congregational minister at High Wycombe; published an annotated bible, 1690; a concordance, 1696, and other biblical works,
  503. ^ Samuel Clarke ' (1675–1729), metaphysician; B.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1695; D.D.; disciple of Isaac Newton; published Latin translation of the Cartesian Jacques Rohault's Physics with Newtonian notes, 1697; chaplain to Moore, bishop of Norwich, 1698; delivered Boyle lectures, On the Being and Attributes of God 1704-6; rector of Drayton, near Norwich; rector of St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, London, 1706, and of St. James's, Westminster, 1709; wrote against Henry Dodwell, 1706; published Latin translation of Newton's Optics 1706; published Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity 1712; edited Ceesar, 1712; accused of Arianism, 1714; held a philosophical correspondence with Leibnitz, 1715-16; master of Wigston's Hospital, Leicester, 1718; declined the mastership of the mint, 1727; edited Homer's Iliad 1729; founder of the intellectual school, which deduced the moral law from a logical necessity; his collected works published, 1738.
  504. ^ Samuel Clarke (1684–1750), theological writer ; congregational minister at St. Albans; published "The Saints Inheritance; being a Collection of the Promises of Scripture.
  505. ^ Theophilus Clarke (1776?–1831?), painter; pupil of John Opie; exhibited in London, 1795-1810.
  506. ^ Sir Thomas Clarke (1703–1764), judge; educated at Westminster, 1717-21; M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, 1728; fellow, 1727; barrister of Gray's Inn, 1729; M.P. for St. Michael's, Cornwall, 1747, and for Lostwithiel, 1754-61; master of the rolls, 1754; knighted, 1754.
  507. ^ Thomas Clarke (l. 1768–1775), painter ; trained in Dublin; came to London, 1768; exhibited, 1769-75.
  508. ^ Timothy Clarke (d. 1672), physician; of Balliol College, Oxford; M.D., 1652; F.R.C.P., 1664; physician to Charles II; F.R.S.; friend of Samuel Pepys.
  509. ^ Sir William Clarke (1623?-1666), secretary at war; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1653; secretary to Monck; secretary at war, 1661; knighted; mortally wounded in the action off Harwich.
  510. ^ William Clarke (1640?-1684), physician ; B.A. Merton College, Oxford, 1661; fellow, 1663-6; practitioner at Bath, and afterwards at Stepney; wrote on 'Nitre' 1670.
  511. ^ William Clarke (1696–1771), antiquary; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1717; M.A., 1719; rector of Buxted, Sussex, 1724-68; canon of Chichester, 1738, and chancellor, 1770; wrote on miscellaneous subjects, including the relation between Roman, Saxon, and English coins.
  512. ^ William Clarke (1800–1838), writer of juvenile literature.
  513. ^ William Branwhite Clarke (1798–1878), geologist; M.A. Cambridge, 1824; curate of Ramsholt, Suffolk; made fifteen geological excursions to the continent; published poems, 1822, and scientific papers, 18331838; Anglican clergyman in New South Wales, 1840-70; discovered gold there in 1841, tin in 1849, and diamonds in 1869; studied the Australian coal-measures; visited Tasmania, 1866 and 1860; F.R.S. London, 1876; published numerous scientific papers.
  514. ^ William Fairlie Clarke (1833–1884), medical writer; born in Calcutta; educated at Rugby, Oxford, and Edinburgh; studied medicine in London; M.B. Oxford, 1862; surgeon in London: M.D. Oxford, 1876; published a Manual of... Surgery 1866, and a monograph on Diseases of the Tongue 1873.
  515. ^ David Clarkson (1622–1686), controversialist; V..A. Clare Hall, Cambridge; intruded fellow, 1646-51; intruded incumbent of Mortlnke, Surrey, 1651-52; congregational minister in London, 1682; published sermons and treatises against episcopacy and Romanism.
  516. ^ John Clarkson (1697–1763), Dominican friar, 1716; missioner in Leicestershire, 1753-46; confessor in Bruges 1747; prior of Bornhem, 1753; died at Brussels; published devotional and philosophical tracts,
  517. ^ Laurence Clarkson (1615–1667). See Claxton.
  518. ^ Nathaniel Clarkson (1724–1795), painter; coach-painter, of Islington; exhibited portraits, 1762-7; tried historical painting.
  519. ^ Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846), philanthropist ; son of the schoolmaster of Wisbeach; educated at St. Paul's School, 1775-80: B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1783; in deacon's orders; published a prize essay against slavery, 1786; agitated for the abolition of slavery, 1787-94, and 1806-33; urged it on the French government, 1789-90, and on the czar, 1818; granted the freedom of London, 1839. His works include pamphlets on shivery, theological tracts, and a memoir of William Penn.
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