View source for 夷

{{character info}}
==Translingual==

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=37|rad=大|as=03|sn=6|four=50032|canj=KN,XKN|ids=⿻大弓}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|mul|[[𰃼]], [[姨]], [[咦]], [[胰]], [[蛦]], [[桋]], [[跠]], [[鮧]], [[侇]], [[峓]], [[恞]], [[痍]], [[洟]], [[羠]], [[鴺]], [[荑]], [[𢓡]]}}

====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=0249.150|dkj=05852|dj=0509.070|hdz=10527.050|uh=5937|ud=22839|bh=A669|bd=42601}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|ss=⿻夫㇆|note={{zh-l|⿻夫㇆}} - 1981}}
{{zh-wp}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
Originally {{Han compound|矢||t1=arrow|t2=rope|ls=ic|nocap=y}}.
Later forms {{Han compound|大|弓|t1=person; big|t2=bow|ls=ic|nocap=y}}.

===Etymology===
According to Yuè Juè Shū (越絕書), {{och-l|夷}} is also the {{w|Baiyue|Yue}} word for "sea" [https://ctext.org/yue-jue-shu/wu-nei-zhuan/zh?searchu=%E5%A4%B7&searchmode=showall#n49270 (1)]. Therefore, {{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} proposes an {{der|zh|aav}} origin; compare {{cog|mkh-pro|*d(n)liʔ||large river, sea}} (whence {{cog|km|ទន្លេ||large river}} and {{cog|kdt|thlèː||sea}}). Meanwhile, Schuessler associates similar {{w|Hmong languages|Hmong}} forms like {{cog|cqd|tl̥e||river}} (< {{cog|hmx-pro|*gle}}) to {{och-l|[[溪]]}} "creek, rivulet, rill" instead.

In contrast, Ferlus ([https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01182596/file/Ferlus2009_Ethnonyms.pdf 2009]) reconstructs 夷's Old Chinese pronunciation as [lɨ] and connects 夷 to {{cog|qfa-tak-pro|*k-ri:||Kra-Dai endonym}} (whence {{cog|th|ไท||"Tai endonym"}} and {{cog|lic|Hlai||"Hlai endonym"}}). However, Ferlus concedes that such a derivation of 夷 from '''*k-ri:''' "remains speculative, [...] not as firmly established as for Hlai and Tai/Thai".

Meanwhile, {{w|Laurent Sagart}} (2008) instead suggested that the Yi languages were ancestral to {{w|Austronesian languages}} and formed a sister-group to {{w|Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan}}, probably related to {{cog|map-pro|*i₃|t=personal article}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=yí
|m-s=
|c=ji4
|c-t=
|g=
|h=pfs=yì
|j=
|mb=ǐ
|md=
|mn=ml:thâi/qz,tw,xm,zz:î
|mn_note=thâi - vernacular; î - literary
|mn-t=i5
|mn-l=
|w=sh:6yi;sz,cz,jx,hz,sx,nb,cm,sj,hn,hy,tx:2yi
|w-j=
|x=
|x-l=
|x-h=
|mc=y
|oc=y
|ma=
|cat=n
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# an [[ancient]] [[tribe]] in [[eastern]] [[China]]
# [[barbarian]]; [[foreigner]]s
#: {{zh-x|師 夷 長 技 以 制 夷|learn the '''Westerners'<nowiki/>''' tricks so as to control '''them'''|CL}}
# to [[level]]; to [[raze]]
# [[flat]]; [[level]]; [[smooth]]
# to [[eradicate]]; to [[obliterate]]
#: {{zh-x|夷 三 族|to '''exterminate''' three clans (as a form of [[kin]] [[punishment]])|CL}}
# someone of the same [[generation]]
# [[happy]]; [[joyous]] {{rfex|zh}}
# 23rd [[tetragram]] of the [[Taixuanjing]]; "[[ease]]" ({{l|mul|𝌜}})

====Synonyms====
{{zh-dial|外國人}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|夷歌|嵎夷|夷衾|夷險一節|化險為夷|夷戮|夷人|希夷|夷滅|夷狄|以夷治夷|夷猶|夷由|夷瘳|夷漫|夷惠|伯夷叔齊|創夷|夷懌|伯夷|伯夷父|夷悅|冰夷|夷白|女夷|夷槃|夷俟|南夷|夷齊|以夷制夷|尊王攘夷|平夷|夷易|島夷|履險如夷|夷險|優婆夷|不夷不惠|凌夷|不夷|夷堅志|夏威夷州|夷靡|夷陵|夷服|夷昧|夷愉|夷九族|夷簡|夷為平地|均夷作用|夷三族|夷世|四夷|以夷伐夷|夷延|匪夷所思|唐夷|坦夷|混夷|猶夷|擺夷|畎夷|武夷山|無夷|新夷|淮夷|東夷|波羅夷|江左夷吾|用夏變夷|昆夷|攘夷|視險如夷|番夷|燒夷彈|淩夷|明夷|民夷|毀宗夷族|視險若夷|蠻夷戎狄|蠻夷|芟夷|西南夷|赴險如夷|鴟夷|陵夷|馮夷|鳥夷|醜夷|鄙夷|辛夷|讎夷|裔夷|夏威夷|夷平|參夷|夷姤}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}

{{C|zh|Tribes}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=大03}}

# [[ancient]] [[tribe]]s in [[eastern]] [[China]]
# [[level]] {{gl|[[flat]] and [[low]]}}
# [[level]]led [[destruction]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=い
|kanon=い
|kun=えびす-, ころ-す, たい-らげる<たひ-らげる
|nanori=ひな, ひら
}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top|Compounds}}
* {{ja-r|以%夷%攻%夷|い%い%こう%い}}
* {{ja-r|夷%狄|い%てき}}
* {{ja-r|華%夷|^か%い}}
* {{ja-r|九%夷|^きゅう%い}}
* {{ja-r|険%夷|けん%い|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|嶮%夷|けん%い}}
* {{ja-r|攘%夷|じょう%い}}
* {{ja-r|焼%夷|しょう%い}}
* {{ja-r|東%夷|^とう%い}}
* {{ja-r|平%夷|へい%い}}
* {{ja-r|蛮%夷|ばん%い|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|蕃%夷|ばん%い}}
* {{ja-r|蝦夷|^えぞ}}
* {{ja-r|蝦夷|^えみし}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|えびす|yomi=k}}

{{IPAfont|⟨emi<sub>1</sub>si⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/emʲisɨ/}} → {{IPAchar|/emisə/}} → {{IPAchar|/ebisu/}}

Shift from {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=えひす|蝦夷|tr={{w|Emishi}}}}, modern ''Ezo''.

====Alternative forms====
* {{ja-l|戎}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|えびす|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|えびす}}

# {{lb|ja|sort=えひす|historical}} {{synonym of|ja|蝦夷|tr=Ezo|nodot=1|sort=えひす}}: an [[ancient]] [[ethnic group]] attested in the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' that once lived on what is now the {{w|Kantō region|Kantō}}, {{w|Hokuriku region|Hokuriku}} and {{w|Tōhoku region|Tōhoku regions}}, likely as far as {{w|Hokkaido}}, possibly related to the {{w|Ainu people}}; dubbed "[[barbarian]]s" or "[[savage]]s" by the [[Yamato]].
# a [[person]] [[live|living]] [[far away]] from the {{m|ja|都|tr=miyako||[[capital]]}}, loosely translated to "[[bumpkin]]" or "[[hick]]"
#: {{syn|ja|田舎者|tr=inakamono}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=えひす|regional|derogatory}} a [[barbarian]], [[savage]], ''especially'' referring to the {{m|ja|東夷|tr=azuma-ebisu||[[warrior]] from the [[east]]ern parts of Japan}}
#* '''1204''', ''{{w|lang=ja|秋篠月清集|Akishino Gesseishū}}'' (book 1, poem 223)
#*: {{ja-usex|sort=えひす|わがおもふ人だにすまばみちのくの'''えびす'''の里もうときものかは|わが おもふ ひと だに すまば ^みちのく の '''えびす''' の さと も うとき もの か は|rom=waga omou hito dani sumaba Michinoku no '''ebisu''' no sato utoki mono ka wa}}
# {{lb|ja|sort=えひす|by extension|derogatory}} a [[foreigner]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|東%夷|あずま%-えびす}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|えびす}}

# {{surname|ja|sort=えひす}}
# {{alternative spelling of|ja|恵比須|nocap=1|tr=[[Ebisu]]}}, a [[Shinto]] god

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|い|yomi=o}}
{{IPAchar|/ji/}} → {{IPAchar|/i/}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=い|-}} {{ltc-l|夷}}, originally referred to one of the [[ancient]] [[tribe]]s [[east]] of [[China]].

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|い|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|い}}

# those [[people]] with [[differ]]ing [[language]]s and/or [[culture]]s
#: {{syn|ja|異民族|tr=iminzoku}}
# a [[barbarian]], [[savage]]; [[uncivilized]] [[people]] {{qualifier|living to the east of ancient Imperial China; included Japan}}
#: {{syn|ja|野蛮人|tr=yabanjin}}
# a [[neutral]] {{gl|[[position]]}}
#: {{syn|ja|無色|tr=mushoku}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|征%夷|せい%.い}}

=====Idioms=====
* {{ja-r|夷を以て夷を制す|い を もって い を せいす}}

===References===
<references/>

==Korean==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|夷|id=1}}. {{hanja-hunmong|이|i|人類#중04A}}

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|오랑캐|이}}<br>
{{ko-hanja|평평하다|평평할|이}}

# {{hanja form of|이|[[barbarian]]}}
# {{hanja form of|이|[[flat]]; [[level]]; [[smooth]]}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|동이|東夷}}
* {{ko-l|험이|險夷}}
* {{ko-l|이적|夷狄}}
* {{ko-l|만이|蠻夷}}
* {{ko-l|양이|攘夷}}
* {{ko-l|소이|燒夷}}
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|2090}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=dì, dai, di, gì, rợ|rs=大03}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=大03}}