κῦρος

See also: κύρος and Κῦρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kūrós, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁-ró-s, from *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, be strong”), the same root of κυέω (kuéō, “to be pregnant”), κῦμα (kûma, “wave”), Sanskrit शवस् (śavas, “strength, power”) and Irish curadh (“hero”).

κῡ́ρῐος (kū́rios, “lord”) is not a derivative; rather, κῦρος (kûros) is a back-formation from the former.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kŷː.ros/ → /ˈcy.ros/ → /ˈci.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kŷː.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈky.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈci.ros/

Noun

κῦρος • (kûros) n (genitive κῡ́ρεος); third declension

1. supreme power, authority
2. confirmation, validity, certainty

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κῦρος; τοῦ κῡ́ρεος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κῦρος tò kûros	τὼ κῡ́ρεε tṑ kū́ree	τᾰ̀ κῡ́ρεᾰ tà kū́rea
Genitive	τοῦ κῡ́ρεος toû kū́reos	τοῖν κῡρέοιν toîn kūréoin	τῶν κῡρέων tôn kūréōn
Dative	τῷ κῡ́ρεῐ̈ tôi kū́reï	τοῖν κῡρέοιν toîn kūréoin	τοῖς κῡ́ρεσῐ / κῡ́ρεσῐν toîs kū́resi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κῦρος tò kûros	τὼ κῡ́ρεε tṑ kū́ree	τᾰ̀ κῡ́ρεᾰ tà kū́rea
Vocative	κῦρος kûros	κῡ́ρεε kū́ree	κῡ́ρεᾰ kū́rea
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἄκῡρος (ákūros)
• κῡρόω (kūróō)

 

Descendants

• Greek: κύρος (kýros)

Further reading

• “κῦρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κῦρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κῦρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette