ταχύς
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʰ-ú-s, zero-grade u-stem of *dʰengʰ- (“to go quickly”), based on the comparison with Lithuanian déngti (“to run, hurry”) (see there for more potential cognates), though Fraenkel has disputed the connection.[1][2]
Not related to Sanskrit तकु (taku), तक्व (takva, “quick, fast”), as Ancient Greek χ (kh) does not match Sanskrit क् (k), and the comparative θάσσων (thássōn) proves that the Greek τ (t) in ταχύς (takhús) is originally θ (th), from the aspirated PIE *dʰ (see Grassmann's law).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ta.kʰýs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /taˈkʰys/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /taˈçys/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /taˈçys/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /taˈçis/
Adjective
[edit]τᾰχῠ́ς • (takhús) m (feminine τᾰχεῖᾰ, neuter τᾰχῠ́); first/third declension
Declension
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | τᾰχῠ́ς takhús |
τᾰχεῖᾰ takheîa |
τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχείᾱ takheíā |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχεῖς takheîs |
τᾰχεῖαι takheîai |
τᾰχέᾰ takhéa | |||||
Genitive | τᾰχέος takhéos |
τᾰχείᾱς takheíās |
τᾰχέος takhéos |
τᾰχέοιν takhéoin |
τᾰχείαιν takheíain |
τᾰχέοιν takhéoin |
τᾰχέων takhéōn |
τᾰχειῶν takheiôn |
τᾰχέων takhéōn | |||||
Dative | τᾰχεῖ takheî |
τᾰχείᾳ takheíāi |
τᾰχεῖ takheî |
τᾰχέοιν takhéoin |
τᾰχείαιν takheíain |
τᾰχέοιν takhéoin |
τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν takhési(n) |
τᾰχείαις takheíais |
τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν takhési(n) | |||||
Accusative | τᾰχῠ́ν takhún |
τᾰχεῖᾰν takheîan |
τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχείᾱ takheíā |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχεῖς takheîs |
τᾰχείᾱς takheíās |
τᾰχέᾰ takhéa | |||||
Vocative | τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχεῖᾰ takheîa |
τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχείᾱ takheíā |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχεῖς takheîs |
τᾰχεῖαι takheîai |
τᾰχέᾰ takhéa | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
τᾰχέως takhéōs |
τᾰχύτερος / θᾱ́σσων / τᾰχῐ́ων takhúteros / thā́ssōn / takhíōn |
τᾰχῠ́τᾰτος / τᾰ́χῐστος takhútatos / tákhistos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | τᾰχῠ́ς takhús |
τᾰχεῖᾰ takheîa |
τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχείᾱ takheíā |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχέες takhées |
τᾰχεῖαι takheîai |
τᾰχέᾰ takhéa | |||||
Genitive | τᾰχέος takhéos |
τᾰχείης takheíēs |
τᾰχέος takhéos |
τᾰχέοιῐν takhéoiin |
τᾰχείαιν / τᾰχείαιῐν / τᾰχείῃῐν takheíai(i)n / takheíēiin |
τᾰχέοιῐν takhéoiin |
τᾰχέων takhéōn |
τᾰχειᾱ́ων / τᾰχειέ͜ων / τᾰχειῶν takheiā́ōn / takheié͜ōn / takheiôn |
τᾰχέων takhéōn | |||||
Dative | τᾰχεῖ takheî |
τᾰχείῃ takheíēi |
τᾰχεῖ takheî |
τᾰχέοιῐν takhéoiin |
τᾰχείαιν / τᾰχείαιῐν / τᾰχείῃῐν takheíai(i)n / takheíēiin |
τᾰχέοιῐν takhéoiin |
τᾰχέεσσῐ / τᾰχέεσσῐν / τᾰχέεσῐ / τᾰχέεσῐν / τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν takhéessi(n) / takhéesi(n) / takhési(n) |
τᾰχείῃσῐ / τᾰχείῃσῐν / τᾰχείῃς / τᾰχείαις takheíēisi(n) / takheíēis / takheíais |
τᾰχέεσσῐ / τᾰχέεσσῐν / τᾰχέεσῐ / τᾰχέεσῐν / τᾰχέσῐ / τᾰχέσῐν takhéessi(n) / takhéesi(n) / takhési(n) | |||||
Accusative | τᾰχῠ́ν takhún |
τᾰχεῖᾰν takheîan |
τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχείᾱ takheíā |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχέᾰς takhéas |
τᾰχείᾱς takheíās |
τᾰχέᾰ takhéa | |||||
Vocative | τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχεῖᾰ takheîa |
τᾰχῠ́ takhú |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχείᾱ takheíā |
τᾰχέε takhée |
τᾰχέες takhées |
τᾰχεῖαι takheîai |
τᾰχέᾰ takhéa | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
τᾰχέως takhéōs |
θᾱ́σσων thā́ssōn |
τᾰ́χῐστος tákhistos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
[edit]- ὠκύς (ōkús)
Antonyms
[edit]- βραδύς (bradús, “slow”)
Coordinate terms
[edit]- θᾱ́σσων (thā́ssōn, “faster”)
Derived terms
[edit]- ταχέως (takhéōs)
- τᾰχῠθᾰ́νᾰτος (takhuthánatos)
- ταχύπους (takhúpous)
- ταχύπωλος (takhúpōlos)
- ταχυτής (takhutḗs)
Descendants
[edit]- → English: tachy- (learned)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ταχύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1456–1457
- ^ Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “deñgti”, in Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 88–89: “Über griech. ταχύς ‘schnell’, Komp. θᾱ́σσων, eretr. Eigenn. Τήχιππος, die nichts mit lit. déngti ‘schnell laufen, eilen’, zu tun haben, s. jetzt Seiler Steig. 25.39ff.”
Further reading
[edit]- “ταχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ταχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ταχύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ταχύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ταχύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ταχύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5036 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús).
Adjective
[edit]ταχύς • (tachýs) m (feminine ταχεία, neuter ταχύ)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ταχύς
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ταχύς • | ταχεία • | ταχύ • | ταχείς • | ταχείες • | ταχέα • |
genitive | ταχέος • / ταχύ • | ταχείας • | ταχύ • / ταχέος • | ταχέων • | ταχειών • | ταχέων • |
accusative | ταχύ • | ταχεία • | ταχύ • | ταχείς • | ταχείες • | ταχέα • |
vocative | ταχύ • | ταχεία • | ταχύ • | ταχείς • | ταχείες • | ταχέα • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ταχύς, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ταχύς, etc.) |
Degrees of comparison by suffixation
comparative | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ταχύτερος • | ταχύτερη • | ταχύτερο • | ταχύτεροι • | ταχύτερες • | ταχύτερα • |
genitive | ταχύτερου • | ταχύτερης • | ταχύτερου • | ταχύτερων • | ταχύτερων • | ταχύτερων • |
accusative | ταχύτερο • | ταχύτερη • | ταχύτερο • | ταχύτερους • | ταχύτερες • | ταχύτερα • |
vocative | ταχύτερε • | ταχύτερη • | ταχύτερο • | ταχύτεροι • | ταχύτερες • | ταχύτερα • |
derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο ταχύτερος", etc) | |||||
Absolute superlative | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ταχύτατος • | ταχύτατη • | ταχύτατο • | ταχύτατοι • | ταχύτατες • | ταχύτατα • |
genitive | ταχύτατου • | ταχύτατης • | ταχύτατου • | ταχύτατων • | ταχύτατων • | ταχύτατων • |
accusative | ταχύτατο • | ταχύτατη • | ταχύτατο • | ταχύτατους • | ταχύτατες • | ταχύτατα • |
vocative | ταχύτατε • | ταχύτατη • | ταχύτατο • | ταχύτατοι • | ταχύτατες • | ταχύτατα • |
Related terms
[edit]Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ύς-εία-ύ