न्यून

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit न्यून (nyū́na).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /njuːn/, [njũːn]

Adjective

न्यून • (nyūn) (indeclinable) (rare, formal)

1. less (in lower degree; to smaller extent)
2. little (not much)
3. small

Synonyms

• अल्प (alp)
• कम (kam)

Hypernyms

• न्यूनतम (nyūntam)

Related terms

• नूनी (nūnī)

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “न्यून”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ন্যূন (Assamese script)
• ᬦ᭄ᬬᬹᬦ (Balinese script)
• ন্যূন (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰳𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀽𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• နျူန (Burmese script)
• ન્યૂન (Gujarati script)
• ਨ੍ਯੂਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌨𑍍𑌯𑍂𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦤꦾꦹꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂴𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ನ್ಯೂನ (Kannada script)
• ន្យូន (Khmer script)
• ນ຺ຍູນ (Lao script)
• ന്യൂന (Malayalam script)
• ᠨᠶᡠᡠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘴𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠶ᠋ᠤᠤᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧕𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐣 (Newa script)
• ନ୍ଯୂନ (Odia script)
• ꢥ꣄ꢫꢹꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆷𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖳𑖡 (Siddham script)
• න්‍යූන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩒𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚱𑚝 (Takri script)
• ந்யூந (Tamil script)
• న్యూన (Telugu script)
• นฺยูน (Thai script)
• ནྱཱུ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒴𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨃𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From नि (ni) +‎ ऊन (ūna).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ní.juː.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪juː.n̪ɐ/

Adjective

न्यून • (nyū̀na) stem (metrical Vedic níyūna)

1. less, diminished, defective, deficient

   Synonym: ऊन (ūna)

   Antonyms: अनून (anūna), अन्यून (anyūna)

   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 6.3.3.26:

     समंबिला योनिर्वा इयं रेत इदं यद्वै रेतसो योनिमतिरिच्यतेऽमुया तद्भवत्यथ यन्न्यूनं व्यृद्धं तदेतद्वै रेतसः समृद्धं यत्समम्बिलं चतुःस्रक्तिरेष कूपो भवति चतस्रो वै दिशः सर्वाभ्य एवैनमेतद्दिग्भ्यः खनति

     samaṃbilā yonirvā iyaṃ reta idaṃ yadvai retaso yonimatiricyateʼmuyā tadbhavatyatha yannyūnaṃ vyṛddhaṃ tadetadvai retasaḥ samṛddhaṃ yatsamambilaṃ catuḥsraktireṣa kūpo bhavati catasro vai diśaḥ sarvābhya evainametaddigbhyaḥ khanati

     It (the lump of clay) should be as large as the hole: thus this earth (or clay) becomes his (Agni's) self. And as to its (being) as large as the hole, -- this earth is the womb, and this clay is seed; and whatever part of the seed exceeds the womb, becomes useless; and what is deficient, is unsuccessful; but that part of the seed which is within the hole is successful. Four-cornered is this hole, for there are four quarters: from all the four quarters he thus digs him out.

2. having a defect in the feet

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of न्यून (nyū̀na)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	न्यूनः nyū̀naḥ	न्यूनौ / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nau / nyū̀nā¹	न्यूनाः / न्यूनासः¹ nyū̀nāḥ / nyū̀nāsaḥ¹
Vocative	न्यून nyū́na	न्यूनौ / न्यूना¹ nyū́nau / nyū́nā¹	न्यूनाः / न्यूनासः¹ nyū́nāḥ / nyū́nāsaḥ¹
Accusative	न्यूनम् nyū̀nam	न्यूनौ / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nau / nyū̀nā¹	न्यूनान् nyū̀nān
Instrumental	न्यूनेन nyū̀nena	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनैः / न्यूनेभिः¹ nyū̀naiḥ / nyū̀nebhiḥ¹
Dative	न्यूनाय nyū̀nāya	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ
Ablative	न्यूनात् nyū̀nāt	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ
Genitive	न्यूनस्य nyū̀nasya	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām
Locative	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनेषु nyū̀neṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of न्यूना (nyū̀nā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	न्यूना nyū̀nā	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनाः nyū̀nāḥ
Vocative	न्यूने nyū́ne	न्यूने nyū́ne	न्यूनाः nyū́nāḥ
Accusative	न्यूनाम् nyū̀nām	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनाः nyū̀nāḥ
Instrumental	न्यूनया / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nayā / nyū̀nā¹	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनाभिः nyū̀nābhiḥ
Dative	न्यूनायै nyū̀nāyai	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनाभ्यः nyū̀nābhyaḥ
Ablative	न्यूनायाः / न्यूनायै² nyū̀nāyāḥ / nyū̀nāyai²	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनाभ्यः nyū̀nābhyaḥ
Genitive	न्यूनायाः / न्यूनायै² nyū̀nāyāḥ / nyū̀nāyai²	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām
Locative	न्यूनायाम् nyū̀nāyām	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनासु nyū̀nāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of न्यून (nyū̀na)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	न्यूनम् nyū̀nam	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹
Vocative	न्यून nyū́na	न्यूने nyū́ne	न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū́nāni / nyū́nā¹
Accusative	न्यूनम् nyū̀nam	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹
Instrumental	न्यूनेन nyū̀nena	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनैः / न्यूनेभिः¹ nyū̀naiḥ / nyū̀nebhiḥ¹
Dative	न्यूनाय nyū̀nāya	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ
Ablative	न्यूनात् nyū̀nāt	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ
Genitive	न्यूनस्य nyū̀nasya	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām
Locative	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनेषु nyū̀neṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

न्यून • (nyū̀na) stem, n

1. vulva

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of न्यून (nyū̀na)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	न्यूनम् nyū̀nam	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹
Vocative	न्यून nyū́na	न्यूने nyū́ne	न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū́nāni / nyū́nā¹
Accusative	न्यूनम् nyū̀nam	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹
Instrumental	न्यूनेन nyū̀nena	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनैः / न्यूनेभिः¹ nyū̀naiḥ / nyū̀nebhiḥ¹
Dative	न्यूनाय nyū̀nāya	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ
Ablative	न्यूनात् nyū̀nāt	न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām	न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ
Genitive	न्यूनस्य nyū̀nasya	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām
Locative	न्यूने nyū̀ne	न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ	न्यूनेषु nyū̀neṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀡𑀽𑀡 (ṇūṇa)
  • ⇒ Prakrit: *𑀡𑀽𑀡𑀺𑀓𑀸 (*ṇūṇikā) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-))
    • Assamese: নুনু (nunu)
    • Bengali: নুনু (nunu), নুনি (nuni)
    • Hindustani: nūnī

      Hindi: नूनी

      Urdu: نُونی

    • Marathi: नुन्नी (nunnī), नुनी (nunī)
    • Odia: ନୁନି (nuni), ନୁନ୍ନି (nunni)
    • Kumaoni: नूनि (“paralysed in limbs”)
• → Tamil: நியூனம் (niyūṉam), நூனம் (nūṉam)
• → Assamese: ন্যূন (nyun) (learned)
• → Bengali: ন্যূন (nun) (learned)
• → Gujarati: ન્યૂન (nyūn) (learned)
• → Hindustani: (learned)

  Hindi: न्यून (nyūn)

• → Kannada: ನ್ಯೂನ (nyūna) (learned)
• → Malayalam: ന്യൂനം (nyūnaṁ) (learned)
• → Marathi: न्यून (nyūn) (learned)
• → Odia: ନ୍ୟୂନ (nyuna) (learned)
• → Telugu: న్యూనము (nyūnamu) (learned)

Further reading

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nyūˋna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press