शरद्

See also: शारद and शरदा

Hindi

Alternative forms

• शरत् (śarat)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शरद् (śarád), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts. Doublet of साल (sāl), a borrowing from Persian.

Noun

शरद् • (śarad) f (Urdu spelling شرد)

1. autumn, fall (specifically, the two months succeeding the summer monsoons)

   आनेवाला शरद् ऋतु बहुत ठंडा होगा।

   ānevālā śarad ŕtu bahut ṭhaṇḍā hogā.

   The coming autumn season will be very cold.

Declension

Declension of शरद् (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शरद् śarad	शरदें śaradẽ
oblique	शरद् śarad	शरदों śaradõ
vocative	शरद् śarad	शरदो śarado

Synonyms

• पतझड़ (patjhaṛ)

See also

Seasons in Hindi · ऋतु (ŕtu) (layout · text) · category
बसंत (basant), बहार (bahār, “spring”)	गर्मी (garmī), ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”)	शरत् (śarat), शरद् (śarad, “autumn”)	सर्दी (sardī, “winter”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शरद्”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “शरद्”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• शरद (śarada), शरदा (śaradā)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শৰদ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬭᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
• শরদ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰨𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀭𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ၐရဒ် (Burmese script)
• શરદ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਰਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌰𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦫꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂩𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಶರದ್ (Kannada script)
• ឝរទ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຨຣທ຺ (Lao script)
• ശരദ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᡵᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘨𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᠷᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧈𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐬𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଶରଦ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢬꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆫𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖨𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ශරද් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩼𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚤𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஶரத்³ (Tamil script)
• శరద్ (Telugu script)
• ศรทฺ (Thai script)
• ཤ་ར་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒩𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨫𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHád- (“autumn, year”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁- (“to warm up, be hot”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “year”), Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /⁠θrda⁠/, “year”) (whence Persian سال (sâl, “year”)), as well as perhaps Latin caleō (“to be warm”) and Latvian silts (“warm”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.ɾɐ́d/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.ɾɐd̪/

Noun

शरद् • (śarád) stem, f

1. autumn, autumnal season comprising the two months अश्विन् (aśvin) and कार्त्तिक (kārttika)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.161.4:

     शतं जीव शरदो वर्धमानः शतं हेमन्ताञ्छतमु वसन्तान्।

     śataṃ jīva śarado vardhamānaḥ śataṃ hemantāñchatamu vasantān.

     Live, waxing in thy strength, a hundred autumns, live through a hundred springs, a hundred winters.

2. a year
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.7:

     अयं द्योतयदद्युतो व्यक्तून्दोषा वस्तोः शरद इन्दुरिन्द्र ।
     इमं केतुमदधुर्नू चिदह्नां शुचिजन्मन उषसश्चकार ॥

     ayaṃ dyotayadadyuto vyaktūndoṣā vastoḥ śarada indurindra.
     imaṃ ketumadadhurnū cidahnāṃ śucijanmana uṣasaścakāra.

     This Indu lighted darksome nights, O Indra, throughout the years, at morning and at evening.
     Him have they stablished as the days' bright ensign. He made the Mornings to be born in splendour.

Descendants

• Assamese: শৰৎ (xorot)
• Bengali: শরৎ (śorot)
• Pali: sarada
  • Khmer: សរទៈ (saʼraʼtĕəʼ)
• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: šáru
  • Kashmiri: ہَرُد (harud)
  • Khowar: شورو (šoró)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑀬 (saraya)
• Pali: sarada
• → Hindi: शरद् (śarad), शरत् (śarat) (literary borrowing)
• → Telugu: శరత్తు (śarattu)

See also

Seasons in Sanskrit · ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) (layout · text) · category
कुसुमाकर (kusumākara, “spring”)	ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “summer”)	शरद् (śarad, “autumn”)	हिम (hima, “winter”)

References

• Apte, Macdonell (2022) “शरद्”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India [Combined Sanskrit Dictionaries]
• Monier Williams (1899) “शरद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1057.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 616
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 304