シナ
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
From Middle Chinese 支那 (MC tsye na), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese 秦 (*dzin), the name of the Qin Dynasty and the Qin state.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The kanji spelling 支那 was more common historically, and is still encountered with some frequency when this word is used. However, this term as a whole is used less frequently than in the past, due to changes in geopolitics and the use of this word as an ethnic slur.
The katakana spelling is used to censor the term due to its offensive use.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 支奈 |
From Latin cina, variously given as short for Artemisia cina ("Chinese artemisia"), or Semen cina ("Chinese seed").[2] The kanji used are ateji.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Seriphidium cinum, syn. Artemisia cina: also known as santonica, Levant wormseed, and wormseed; an herbaceous perennial of the daisy family, historically used as a vermifugic anthelmintic (a drug to rid the body of parasitic worms)
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 品 科 |
Appears to be a shift in sense from 科 (shina, “one's appearance and impression on others”), in turn from 品 (shina, “goods; type, quality”). First attested in a text from 1775.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) しな [shìná] (Heiban – [0])[4][5][6][7]
- (Tokyo) しな [shìnáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[4][6][7]
- (Tokyo) しな [shíꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])[4][5][7]
- IPA(key): [ɕina̠]
Noun
[edit]- [from 1775] (said mainly of a woman)[4][8][9] coquettishness, flattery: a pretense of pleasantness, often in an attempt to gain favor or affection
- 1904, 木下尚江, 火の柱:
- 一同シナを作って「ほんとうに長谷川の奥様の仰っしゃいます通りで御座いますよ、オホホホホホホホ」
- Ichidō shina o tsukutte “hontō ni Hasegawa no okusan no osshaimasu tōri de gozaimasu yo, ohohohohohohoho”
- Everyone, with a pretense of pleasantness: "Exactly, you are absolutely correct, Lady Hasegawa, ho ho ho ho ho ho."
- 一同シナを作って「ほんとうに長谷川の奥様の仰っしゃいます通りで御座いますよ、オホホホホホホホ」
Usage notes
[edit]Often found in the constructions 科を作る (shina o tsukuru) and 科をする (shina o suru, “to behave coquettishly”).
References
[edit]- ^ “しな 【支那】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ “The guiding symptoms of our materia medica, Volume 4”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[2], University of California, 1884, retrieved 2012-05-29
- ^ “シナ 【支奈】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 “しな 【品・科・階】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “品”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][5] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
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- Japanese terms derived from Latin
- Japanese nouns
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