佇

See also: 伫 and 仃

佇 U+4F47, 佇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F47 ← 但 [U+4F46] CJK Unified Ideographs 佈 → [U+4F48]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

佇 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人十一弓 (OJMN), four-corner 2322₁, composition ⿰亻宁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 496
• Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 139, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4F47

Chinese

trad.		佇
simp.		伫
alternative forms		竚 𡀐 𥩽 貯／贮 在 Min Nan 竚 𡀐 𥩽 貯／贮 在 Min Nan 置 Min Nan 㑏 erroneous

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 佇
Small seal script s05926 Transcribed ancient scripts L14451
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (宁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貯	*taʔ
詝	*taʔ
柠	*tʰaʔ
宁	*da, *daʔ
佇	*daʔ
竚	*daʔ
苧	*daʔ
紵	*daʔ
羜	*daʔ
眝	*daʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put; to place”). Cognate with 著 (OC *tas, *taɡ, *daɡ), 署 (OC *djas) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cyu⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): cui⁴

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): du³
• Eastern Min (BUC): tṳ̄
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tī / tū / tǐr / tīr / tǐ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diu⁶ / diu²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cyu⁵
    • Yale: chyúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyː¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: cui⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰui²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: du³
    • Sinological IPA: /tu³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰy³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tī
    • Tâi-lô: tī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: di
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ti³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /ti²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tū
    • Tâi-lô: tū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: du
    • IPA (Taipei): /tu³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tu²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐr
    • Tâi-lô: tǐr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ²²/
    • IPA (Lukang): /tɨ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tīr
    • Tâi-lô: tīr
    • IPA (Singapore): /tɯ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ
    • Tâi-lô: tǐ
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ti³³/

Note:

• Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
  • tī - vernacular;
  • tū - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: diu⁶ / diu²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiŭ / tiú
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu³⁵/, /tiu⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zy
    • MiniDict: zy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjoX

Rime
Character	佇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直吕切
Baxter	drjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ȡiɔX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*daʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	佇
Reading #	1/1
No.	17633
Phonetic component	宁
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*daʔ/

Definitions

佇

1. (literary) to stand (for a long time)
2. ^† to stop; to stay (for a long time)
3. ^† to wait; to hope for; to look forward to
4. ^† to store; to accumulate
5. (Hokkien) to be at; to be in; to be located
6. (Hokkien) (located) in; at
7. (Hokkien) during; in

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		在
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	在, 挨, 跟, 的
	Taiwan	在
	Harbin	在
	Malaysia	在
	Singapore	在
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	在, 從
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	在
	Xi'an	在
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	在
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	在
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	在
	Wuhan	在
	Guiyang	在
	Guilin	在
	Liuzhou	在
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	在
	Yangzhou	在
	Rugao	吖
	Hefei	在
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喺, 響
	Hong Kong	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	喺, 在
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	在
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	在
	Macau	喺
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	喺, 響
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	響, 喺
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	在
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	在
	Foshan	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shunde)	喺
	Foshan (Sanshui)	喺
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	喺, 響
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	在
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	在
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	響, 揀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	揀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	喺
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	喺
	Taishan	到, 響
	Kaiping (Chikan)	到, 響
	Enping (Niujiang)	到, 響
	Heshan (Yayao)	響
	Dongguan	響, 在, 喺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	在
	Yangjiang	在
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	喺, 響
	Singapore (Guangfu)	喺
Gan	Nanchang	在
	Lichuan	在
	Pingxiang	在
Hakka	Meixian	嗨
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	在
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	在
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	在
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	在
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	在
	Yudu	在
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	在
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	在
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	在
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	在
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	在
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	在
	Hong Kong	在
	Senai (Huiyang)	在
	Kuching (Hepo)	在
	Singapore (Dabu)	在
Jin	Taiyuan	在
	Xinzhou	在
Northern Min	Jian'ou	到
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	著, 在, 洽
	Fuqing	著, 洽
	Singapore (Fuqing)	著
Southern Min	Xiamen	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Quanzhou	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Zhangzhou	佇, 咧, 蹛
	Zhao'an	佇, 蹛
	Taipei	佇
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	佇
	Kaohsiung	佇
	Yilan	佇
	Changhua (Lukang)	佇
	Taichung	佇
	Tainan	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Hsinchu	佇
	Kinmen	佇
	Penghu (Magong)	佇
	Penang (Hokkien)	佇, 蹛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	佇, 壏
	Manila (Hokkien)	佇, 踮
	Chaozhou	在
	Shantou	在
	Shantou (Chenghai)	在
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	在
	Jieyang	在, 壏, 放
	Haifeng	著
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	在
	Singapore (Teochew)	在, 壏
	Leizhou	佇, 放
	Wenchang	佇
	Singapore (Hainanese)	佇
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	在
Wu	Shanghai	垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪
	Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang)	垃該, 拉
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	立垃, 勒嵌
	Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong)	垃, 垃垃
	Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong)	垃該
	Shanghai (Fengxian)	垃該
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	有垃, 垃該
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	勒拉
	Shanghai (Jiading)	勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	勒勒, 勒
	Suzhou	勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪
	Wuxi	勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡
	Changshu	勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪
	Kunshan	勒, 勒浪, 勒海
	Qidong	勒
	Qidong (Lüsi)	在, 來, 來該
	Nantong (Haimen)	勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒
	Haimen (Sijia)	來, 來到
	Rudong	勒, 勒勒
	Pinghu	勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化
	Haining (Xiashi)	有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍
	Haiyan	勒, 勒勒
	Changzhou	勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏
	Liyang	立
	Changzhou (Jintan)	在, 則
	Danyang	在, 則
	Jingjiang	來, 勒
	Jiangyin	勒, 勒勒
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱
	Huzhou	拉
	Deqing	垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好
	Deqing (Geting)	拉
	Hangzhou	勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	來, 來埭, 來同
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
	Tonglu	來, 來裡, 來夯
	Shaoxing	來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯
	Shaoxing (Keqiao)	來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
	Zhuji	來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客
	Shengzhou	來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯
	Xinchang	來固, 來蒙, 來頭
	Ningbo	來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	來
	Ningbo (Beilun)	來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當
	Ningbo (Yinzhou)	立該, 來, 來的, 來該
	Yuyao	來, 得, 來浪
	Ninghai	來的
	Zhoushan (Dinghai)	勒
	Wenzhou	是
Xiang	Changsha	在
	Loudi	在
	Shuangfeng	在

Compounds

• 企佇
• 企佇之心
• 佇候 (zhùhòu)
• 佇候佳音
• 佇咧
• 佇眙
• 佇立 (zhùlì)
• 佇結之情／伫结之情
• 佇苦停辛
• 佇足
• 倚門佇望／倚门伫望
• 停辛佇苦
• 凝佇
• 延佇
• 欽佇／钦伫
• 盈盈佇立
• 躊佇／踌伫
• 鶴立企佇／鹤立企伫

 

Further reading

• “Entry #2871”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
• “(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫‎^[1], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013.

Japanese

Kanji

佇

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to stand (for a while)

Readings

• Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kun: たたずむ (tatazumu, 佇む)

Compounds

• 佇(ちょ)立(りつ) (choritsu)
• 佇(ちょ)立(りゅう) (choryū)
• 延(えん)佇(ちょ) (encho)

 

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 佇 (MC drjoX).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹]
• Phonetic hangul: [저]

Hanja

Wikisource

佇 (eumhun 우두커니 설 저 (udukeoni seol jeo))

1. to stand (for a while)
2. to stay
3. to wait for
4. to store; to accumulate

Compounds

• 저견 (佇見, jeogyeon)
• 저권 (佇眷, jeogwon)
• 저념 (佇念, jeonyeom)
• 저대 (佇待, jeodae)
• 저립 (佇立, jeorip)
• 저면 (佇眄, jeomyeon)
• 저사 (佇思, jeosa)
• 저상 (佇想, jeosang)
• 근저 (勤佇, geunjeo)

 

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 佇

Vietnamese

Han character

佇: Hán Nôm readings: giữ, trữ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation