括

括 U+62EC, 括 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62EC ← 拫 [U+62EB] CJK Unified Ideographs 拭 → [U+62ED]

Translingual

Han character

括 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹十口 (QHJR), four-corner 5206₄, composition ⿰扌舌)

Derived characters

• 𰄷, 𠸓, 𣸅, 葀, 𰪆, 𣕔, 𮖔

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 427, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11988
• Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1870, character 1
• Unihan data for U+62EC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		括
alternative forms		𢬸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
咶	*qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	*kroːd, *koːd
趏	*kroːd, *kʰroːd
舌	*ɡroːd, *ɦbljed
姡	*ɡroːd, *ɡoːd
頢	*ɡroːd, *koːd
括	*koːd
活	*koːd, *ɡoːd
适	*koːd, *kʰoːd
栝	*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	*koːd, *ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	*koːd, *kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuò, guā

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kut³ / gwaat³
• Eastern Min (BUC): guák
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koat / khoat / koah

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guag⁴ / guêg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷kuaq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
    • Yale: kwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
    • Palladius: ко (ko)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guā
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gua
    • Wade–Giles: kua¹
    • Yale: gwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
    • Palladius: гуа (gua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kut³ / gwaat³
    • Yale: kut / gwaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kut⁸ / gwaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kud³ / guad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːt̚³/, /kʷaːt̚³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɑʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
    • Tâi-lô: kuat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuat̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoat
    • Tâi-lô: khuat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoad
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰuat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuat̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
    • Tâi-lô: kuah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/

Note:

• koat/khoat - literary;
• koah - vernacular (“Classifier for groups of people”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: guag⁴ / guêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuak / kuek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuak̚²/, /kuek̚²/

Note:

• guag4 - Shantou;
• guêg4 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷kuaq
    • MiniDict: kuah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kuaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuaʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwat

Rime
Character	括
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古活切
Baxter	kwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwat̚/
Li Rong	/kuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kuɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gut3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	括
Reading #	1/1
No.	7567
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	括
Old Chinese	/*koːd/
Notes	從氏下口聲同有塞義

Definitions

括

1. ^† to tie; to tie up; to tie together
2. ^† to seek; to search for
3. to embrace; to enclose
4. to include; to encompass
5. to enclose in brackets
6. a surname
7. (Hokkien) Classifier for groups of people.

Synonyms

• (group of people): 伙 (huǒ), 幫子／帮子 (bāngzi), 群 (qún)

Compounds

• 刷括
• 包括 (bāokuò)
• 含括
• 囊括 (nángkuò)
• 大括弧
• 帖括
• 帖括業／帖括业
• 扎括
• 括刷
• 括剌剌
• 括囊
• 括囊守祿／括囊守禄
• 括囊拱手
• 括地皮
• 括帖
• 括弧 (kuòhú)
• 括括叫
• 括搭
• 括毒
• 括約肌／括约肌 (kuòyuējī)
• 括號／括号 (kuòhào)
• 括髮／括发
• 搜括 (sōuguā)
• 概括 (gàikuò)
• 概括承受
• 機括／机括
• 檢括／检括
• 檃括
• 櫽括／𬄩括
• 沈括
• 瘦括括
• 盆成括
• 盤成括／盘成括
• 簡括／简括 (jiǎnkuò)
• 籠括／笼括
• 統括／统括 (tǒngkuò)
• 綜括／综括 (zōngkuò)
• 總括／总括 (zǒngkuò)
• 罵罵括括／骂骂括括
• 賅括／赅括
• 隱括／隐括
• 頂括括／顶括括

 

Descendants

• → Thai: กวด (gùuat)

Japanese

Kanji

括

(Jōyō kanji)

1. fasten, tie up, arrest, constrict (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Readings

• Go-on: かち (kachi)
• Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: くくる (kukuru, 括る)、くくり (kukuri)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 括 (MC kwat). Recorded as Middle Korean 괄〮 (kwál) (Yale: kwal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

括 (eumhun 묶을 괄 (mukkeul gwal))

1. hanja form^? of 괄 (“inclusion; encompass”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 총괄 (總括, chonggwal, “general; overall; summary”)
• 일괄 (一括, ilgwal, “doing in bulk; in a lump sum; lump package”)
• 포괄 (包括, pogwal, “comprehensiveness”)
• 괄호 (括弧, gwalho, “a parenthesis; a bracket”)
• 통괄 (統括, tonggwal, “unification”)
• 괄약근 (括約筋, gwaryakgeun, “(anatomy) sphincter”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

括: Hán Nôm readings: quát, khoát, quất, quét

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.