海內

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Jump to navigation Jump to search

See also: 海内

Chinese

		ocean; sea	inside; inner; internal inside; inner; internal; within; interior
trad. (海內)		海	內
simp. (海内)		海	内
anagram		內海／内海

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hǎinèi

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² noi⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hái-lǎi / hái-lāi / hái-lōe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǎinèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǎinèi
  - Wade–Giles: hai³-nei⁴
  - Yale: hǎi-nèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haeney
  - Palladius: хайнэй (xajnɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi² noi⁶
  - Yale: hói noih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² noi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi² noi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ nɔːi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-lǎi
  - Tâi-lô: hái-lǎi
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-lāi
  - Tâi-lô: hái-lāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haylai
  - IPA (Taipei): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hái-lōe
  - Tâi-lô: hái-luē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hayloe
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lue³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: xojX nwojH

Rime
Character	海	內
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼改切	奴對切
Baxter	xojX	nwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hʌi^X/	/nuʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/həi^X/	/nuoi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xɒi^X/	/nuɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həj^X/	/nwəj^H/
Li Rong	/xᴀi^X/	/nuᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/xɒi^X/	/nuɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑ̆i^X/	/nuɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hǎi	nèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi²	neoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤəʔ nˤ[u]p-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hmlɯːʔ nuːbs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	海	內
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hǎi	nèi
Middle Chinese	‹ xoj^X ›	‹ nwoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect m̥ˁ- > x-)	/*nˁ[u]p-s/
English	sea	inside
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	海	內
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9283	9381
Phonetic component	母	內
Rime group	之	內
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	海	内
Old Chinese	/*hmlɯːʔ/	/*nuːbs/

Noun

海內

(literary) within China; the territory within the Four Seas (that were thought to make up the borders of ancient China)
- 海內之地方千里者九，齊集有其一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  海内之地方千里者九，齐集有其一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Hǎinèi zhī dì fāng qiān lǐ zhě jiǔ, Qí jí yǒu qí yī. [Pinyin]
  The territory within the four seas embraces nine divisions, each of a thousand li square. All Qi together is but one of them.
- 漢興，海內為一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  汉兴，海内为一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Hàn xīng, hǎinèi wéi yī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 海內存知己，天涯若比鄰。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 650 – 676, Wang Bo, 送杜少府之任蜀州 (Seeing off Vice-prefect Du on the occasion of his appointment to the state of Shu)
  Hǎinèi cún zhījǐ, tiānyá ruò bìlín. [Pinyin]
  When one has a close friend in this world, the far ends of heaven are like next door.

Synonyms

(the world): 天下 (tiānxià)

Antonyms

海外 (hǎiwài)

Derived terms

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=海內&oldid=78645424"