禍

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See also: 祸
禍 U+798D, 禍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798D
← 禌
[U+798C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禎 →
[U+798E]

禍 U+FA52, 禍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA52
← 祝
[U+FA51] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 禎 →
[U+FA53]

Translingual

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Han character

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禍 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火月月口 (IFBBR), four-corner 37227, composition ⿰礻咼)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24766
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2402, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+798D

Chinese

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trad. 禍
simp. 祸
alternative forms 旤

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 禍
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (冎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
碢 *l'oːl
腡 *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl
過 *kloːl, *kloːls
渦 *kloːl, *qloːl
鍋 *kloːl
楇 *kloːl, *ɡloːls
瘑 *kloːl
緺 *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl
堝 *kloːl
濄 *kloːl, *qloːl
鐹 *kloːlʔ, *kloːls
薖 *kʰloːl
簻 *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl
禍 *ɡloːlʔ
窩 *qloːl
萵 *qloːl
檛 *kr'oːl
膼 *kr'oːl
蝸 *kroːl, *kʷroːl
媧 *kroːl, *kʷroːl
騧 *kroːl, *kʷroːl
冎 *kroːlʔ
剮 *kroːlʔ
諣 *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls
歄 *kʷroːl
咼 *kʰʷroːl
喎 *kʰʷroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːlʔ) : semantic 示 (“sacrifice”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hǒ͘/hō - literary;
  • ě/ē - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 禍
Mandarin Beijing /xuo⁵¹/
Harbin /xuo⁵³/
Tianjin /xuo⁵³/
Jinan /xuə²¹/
Qingdao /xuə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xuo³¹²/
Xi'an /xuo⁴⁴/
Xining /xu²¹³/
Yinchuan /xuə¹³/
Lanzhou /xuə¹³/
Ürümqi /xuɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /xuo³⁵/
Chengdu /xo¹³/
Guiyang /xo²¹³/
Kunming /xo²¹²/
Nanjing /xo⁴⁴/
Hefei /xʊ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xuɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xuə³⁵/
Hohhot /xuɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦu²³/
Suzhou /ɦəu³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦo¹³/
Wenzhou /vu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /xo²²/
Tunxi /xo²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xo⁵⁵/
/xo¹¹/
Xiangtan /ɦo²¹/
Gan Nanchang /fo²¹/
Hakka Meixian /fo⁵³/
Taoyuan /fo⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɔ²²/
Nanning /wɔ²²/
Hong Kong /wɔ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ho²²/
/e²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huɔ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xua⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hua³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ho³³/
/hua³³/
Rime
Character 禍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡果切
Baxter hwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuɑX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuɑX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuɑX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 禍
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwaX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ʷˁajʔ/
English calamity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 禍
Reading # 1/1
No. 4375
Phonetic
component 		冎
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		禍
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡloːlʔ/

Definitions

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禍

  1. disaster; misfortune; calamity
  2. to bring disaster upon

Synonyms

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  • (disaster):
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  • (to bring disaster upon):
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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “disaster”): (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 禍
Kyūjitai
[1]
禍
&#xFA52;
or
禍+&#xFE00;?
禍󠄀
禍+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
禍󠄃
禍+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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禍

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 禍)

  1. disaster; calamity; misfortune

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
禍
わざわい
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
禍 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 禍 – see the following entry.
【災わざわい】
[noun] calamity; catastrophe
Alternative spelling
殃
(This term, 禍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
禍
まが
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
禍 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 禍 – see the following entry.
【まが】
[adjective] [from 712] (archaic) bad; disastrous
(This term, 禍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ “禍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Hanja

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禍 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

  1. disaster, calamity

Vietnamese

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Han character

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禍: Hán Nôm readings: họa/hoạ, vạ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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