Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

• Per Derksen, related to *però (“wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-, from *perH-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare, and less directly with Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Latvian spā̀rns (“wing”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”), Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”), Old English fearn (“fern”), English fern, Old Irish raith (“fern”).
• Per Vasmer, cognate with Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, to break”), περάω (peráō, “to pierce, to break”), πόρος (póros, “passage”), πορθμός (porthmós, “isthmus, crossing”), Sanskrit पिपर्ति (píparti, “to transport, to transfer”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare. This apparently reflects Proto-Indo-European *per-, without a laryngeal.
• Others derive both *però (“wing”) and Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥, cognate with English feather.

Note that Vasmer derives Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”) from Proto-Slavic *perti (“to fly”) (etymologically separate from the normal verb of that shape). This derivation is not consistent with evidence from other languages, which show that *perti has 1sg. *pьrǫ rather than **perǫ. Vasmer also includes Russian пере́ть (perétʹ, “to move, to travel”) as a derivative of this putative verb rather than as a colloquial, secondary development from the primary meaning "to drag".

Verb

*pьrati impf

1. to fly

Inflection

Conjugation of *pьrati, *pьra, *peretь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pьranьje	*pьrati	*pьratъ	*pьralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pьranъ	*peromъ
Active	*pьravъ	*pery

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraxъ	*pьra	*pьra	*perǫ	*pereši	*peretь
Dual	*pьraxově	*pьrasta	*pьraste	*perevě	*pereta	*perete
Plural	*pьraxomъ	*pьraste	*pьrašę	*peremъ	*perete	*perǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraaxъ	*pьraaše	*pьraaše	—	*peri	*peri
Dual	*pьraaxově	*pьraašeta	*pьraašete	*perěvě	*perěta	—
Plural	*pьraaxomъ	*pьraašete	*pьraaxǫ	*perěmъ	*perěte	—

Related terms

• *pariti
• *però (“feather”) (see there for more)
• *perъka (“propeller, fin (of fish)”)

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: перу (peru, “I fly, I move”) (Russian)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: 1sg. перѫ (perǫ, “I fly”), 3pl. перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пере́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Formed as *perti +‎ *-ati, descending either from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to propel, forwards”) or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)perH- (“to trample, to spurn”) (see *perti for further explanation). The present tense declension continues the simple thematic forms *(s)per(H)-é-ti.

Verb

*pьràti

1. to beat, to trample
2. to wash (by hand)

   Synonym: *polkati

Inflection

Conjugation of *pьrati, *pьra, *peretь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pьranьje	*pьrati	*pьratъ	*pьralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pьranъ	*peromъ
Active	*pьravъ	*pery

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraxъ	*pьra	*pьra	*perǫ	*pereši	*peretь
Dual	*pьraxově	*pьrasta	*pьraste	*perevě	*pereta	*perete
Plural	*pьraxomъ	*pьraste	*pьrašę	*peremъ	*perete	*perǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraaxъ	*pьraaše	*pьraaše	—	*peri	*peri
Dual	*pьraaxově	*pьraašeta	*pьraašete	*perěvě	*perěta	—
Plural	*pьraaxomъ	*pьraašete	*pьraaxǫ	*perěmъ	*perěte	—

• Intensive derivative: *-pirati

Related terms

• *perti
• *pьrěti
• *pьrtь
• *sъporъ

Derived terms

• *pьranьje (“laundry”)
• *pеralьňa (“washing box, washing machine”)
• *perilьnъ (“washing-related”)
• *periteľь (“washer (agent)”)
• *peridlo (“washer (tool)”)
• *pьrakъ / *pьraka

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: пьрати (pĭrati)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: пьрати (pĭrati)
    • Belarusian: праць (pracʹ)
    • Russian: прать (pratʹ), попра́ть (poprátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: пра́ти (práty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: пера́ (perá)
  • Macedonian: пере (pere)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пра̏ти

    Latin script: prȁti

  • Slovene: práti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: práti
    • Czech: prát
  • Kashubian: prac
  • Polish: prać
  • Slovak: prať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: prać
    • Lower Sorbian: praś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “прать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress