Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bürge

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *bürče

Etymology

From *bür +‎ *-ge. Compare to Proto-Mongolic *bürge (“flea”) and even Proto-Semitic *purḡūṯ- (“flea”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*bürge

1. flea

Declension

Declension of *bürge

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*bürge
Accusative	*bürgeg, *bürgeni1)
Genitive	*bürgeniŋ
Dative	*bürgeke
Locative	*bürgede
Ablative	*bürgeden
Allative	*bürgegerü
Instrumental 2)	*bürgen
Equative 2)	*bürgeče
Similative 2)	*bürgeleyü
Comitative 2)	*bürgeligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: birə
    • Ottoman Turkish: پیره (pire)
      • Gagauz: pirä
      • Turkish: pire
  • Salar: birge
  • Turkmen: büre
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (bürge)
    • Uzbek: burga
    • Uyghur: بۈرگە (bürge)
• Kipchak:
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: bürge
      • Kazakh: бүрге (bürge)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: бүргө (bürgö)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *bürge (“flea”)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bürče / *bürge”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 362
•  Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 92
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Nauka, pages 298-299
• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 182-183