lucubro

Latin

FWOTD – 9 October 2016

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewk-o-dʰro-, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-. Cognate to lūx (“light”) and lūceō (“I am light”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈluː.ku.broː/, [ˈɫ̪uːkʊbroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.ku.bro/, [ˈluːkubro]
• (Classical Latin, poetic) IPA^(key): /luːˈkub.roː/ — see usage note

Verb

lūcubrō (present infinitive lūcubrāre, perfect active lūcubrāvī, supine lūcubrātum); first conjugation

1. (intransitive) to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight, lucubrate
2. (transitive) to make, produce or compose at night, candlelight or lamplight

Usage notes

• In ordinary Classical Latin pronunciation, when the cluster br occurs intervocalically at a syllabic boundary (denoted in pronunciatory transcriptions by ⟨.⟩), both consonants are considered to belong to the latter syllable; if the former syllable contains only a short vowel (and not a long vowel or a diphthong), then it is a light syllable. Where the two syllables under consideration are a word's penult and antepenult, this has a bearing on stress, because a word whose penult is a heavy syllable is stressed on that syllable, whereas one whose penult is a light syllable is stressed on the antepenult instead. In poetic usage, where syllabic weight and stress are important for metrical reasons, writers sometimes regard the b in such a sequence as belonging to the former syllable; in this case, doing so alters the word's stress. For more words whose stress can be varied poetically, see their category.

Conjugation

Conjugation of lūcubrō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	lūcubrō	lūcubrās	lūcubrat	lūcubrāmus	lūcubrātis	lūcubrant
	imperfect	lūcubrābam	lūcubrābās	lūcubrābat	lūcubrābāmus	lūcubrābātis	lūcubrābant
	future	lūcubrābō	lūcubrābis	lūcubrābit	lūcubrābimus	lūcubrābitis	lūcubrābunt
	perfect	lūcubrāvī	lūcubrāvistī	lūcubrāvit	lūcubrāvimus	lūcubrāvistis	lūcubrāvērunt, lūcubrāvēre
	pluperfect	lūcubrāveram	lūcubrāverās	lūcubrāverat	lūcubrāverāmus	lūcubrāverātis	lūcubrāverant
	future perfect	lūcubrāverō	lūcubrāveris	lūcubrāverit	lūcubrāverimus	lūcubrāveritis	lūcubrāverint
passive	present	lūcubror	lūcubrāris, lūcubrāre	lūcubrātur	lūcubrāmur	lūcubrāminī	lūcubrantur
	imperfect	lūcubrābar	lūcubrābāris, lūcubrābāre	lūcubrābātur	lūcubrābāmur	lūcubrābāminī	lūcubrābantur
	future	lūcubrābor	lūcubrāberis, lūcubrābere	lūcubrābitur	lūcubrābimur	lūcubrābiminī	lūcubrābuntur
	perfect	lūcubrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	lūcubrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	lūcubrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	lūcubrem	lūcubrēs	lūcubret	lūcubrēmus	lūcubrētis	lūcubrent
	imperfect	lūcubrārem	lūcubrārēs	lūcubrāret	lūcubrārēmus	lūcubrārētis	lūcubrārent
	perfect	lūcubrāverim	lūcubrāverīs	lūcubrāverit	lūcubrāverīmus	lūcubrāverītis	lūcubrāverint
	pluperfect	lūcubrāvissem	lūcubrāvissēs	lūcubrāvisset	lūcubrāvissēmus	lūcubrāvissētis	lūcubrāvissent
passive	present	lūcubrer	lūcubrēris, lūcubrēre	lūcubrētur	lūcubrēmur	lūcubrēminī	lūcubrentur
	imperfect	lūcubrārer	lūcubrārēris, lūcubrārēre	lūcubrārētur	lūcubrārēmur	lūcubrārēminī	lūcubrārentur
	perfect	lūcubrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	lūcubrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	lūcubrā	—	—	lūcubrāte	—
	future	—	lūcubrātō	lūcubrātō	—	lūcubrātōte	lūcubrantō
passive	present	—	lūcubrāre	—	—	lūcubrāminī	—
	future	—	lūcubrātor	lūcubrātor	—	—	lūcubrantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		lūcubrāre	lūcubrāvisse	lūcubrātūrum esse	lūcubrārī	lūcubrātum esse	lūcubrātum īrī
participles		lūcubrāns	—	lūcubrātūrus	—	lūcubrātus	lūcubrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		lūcubrandī	lūcubrandō	lūcubrandum	lūcubrandō	lūcubrātum	lūcubrātū

Derived terms

• ēlūcubrō
• lūcubrātiō
• lūcubrātōrius
• lūcubrātus

Related terms

• lūceō
• lūcubrātiuncula
• lūx

Descendants

• Inherited:
  • > Portuguese: lobrigar (inherited)
• Borrowings:
  • → English: lucubrate
  • → French: lucubrer (learned)
  • → Italian: lucubrare (learned)
  • → Portuguese: lucubrar (learned)
  • → Spanish: lucubrar (learned)
• Uncertain derivations:
  • >? Aromanian: lucredz
  • >? Galician: lumbrigar
  • >? Romanian: lucra

References

• “lucubro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lucubro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• lucubro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to work by night, burn the midnight oil: lucubrare (Liv. 1. 57)
    

Spanish

Verb

lucubro

1. first-person singular present indicative of lucubrar