sšwj

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ šwj (“to be empty, devoid”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛʃuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: seshui

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to deprive (someone) (+ m: of (something)) [Old Kingdom]
2. (transitive) to empty (a container) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
3. (transitive) to unload (a ship) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
4. (transitive) to unload (goods) (+ m: from (a ship)) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
5. (transitive) to empty in the abstract sense, to make devoid or free (+ m: of (a quality, typically a negative one)) [Greco-Roman Period]
6. (transitive) to lose (something) by theft [18th Dynasty]

Inflection

Conjugation of sšwj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sšw, geminated stem: sšww

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sšwt, sšwj	sšww, sšw	sšwt, sšwwt, sšwyt	sšw	sšw, sšwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sšw	ḥr sšwt, ḥr sšwj	m sšwt, m sšwj	r sšwt, r sšwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sšw.n	sšww, sšw, sšwy	consecutive	sšw.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sšwt
perfective3	sšw	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sšw.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sšw, sšwy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sšww, sšw, sšwy	sšww, sšw, sšwy	potentialis1	sšw.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sšw, sšwy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sšw.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sšww1, sšwy, sšw	active + .tj1, .tw2	sšw	sšwy, sšw
imperfective	sšww, sšwwy, sšwww5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sšww, sšwwj6, sšwwy6	sšww, sšwww5
prospective	sšww1, sšwy, sšw, sšwtj7	—	sšwwtj1 4, sšwtj4, sšwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sšwj  

sšwj	sšwj	sšwj	šwj	šwj	šwj	sšwj	šwj
[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
		in hieratic	in Late Egyptian texts	in Late Egyptian texts	in Late Egyptian texts

Starting in Late Egyptian, this word is not always distinguished from its non-causative source šwj (“to be empty”).

Descendants

• Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲟ (šouo), ϣⲟⲩⲱ⸗ (šouō⸗)

References

• “sšwi̯ (lemma ID 144810)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 282.1–282.4, 428.1–428.2
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 247