Background

COVID-19 has caused a worldwide pandemic that has significantly affected people's health and daily lives. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have impaired physical and psychological conditions. Despite this, few studies have examined the physical and psychological health of COVID-19 patients after discharge from the hospital.

Aims

To assess the impact of COVID-19 pneumonia on quality of life and residual disability, anxiety, and insomnia at 4 and 8 months after hospital discharge in patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation.

Methods

This is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal observational study. The STROBE checklist was observed. We administered the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale to identify and objectively quantify the degree of residual disability and the impact on the patient's functional status. Simultaneously, we used the EuroQOL-5D scale to measure the quality of life, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale to monitor anxiety, and the Insomnia Severity Index to monitor insomnia.

Results

The study enrolled 199 patients 4 months after discharge; 145 completed the 8-month follow-up. The quality of life, insomnia, pain, and movement ability seem to worsen over time in our cohort of patients. The quality of life deteriorated significantly between 4 and 8 months after discharge especially in terms of mobility (27.6% of the patients interviewed) and pain (31% of the patients interviewed). There was a significant correlation between COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities present at admission and inadequate quality-of-life perception.

Discussion

The recognition of early signs and symptoms in patients who have already experienced COVID-19 disease is essential for early detection and prevention of chronicity. Health care professionals need to pay more attention to the physical and psychological rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. To determine the long-term impacts of COVID-19, a long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients after discharge is required.