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A wirelessly programmable, skin-integrated thermo-haptic stimulator system for virtual reality.

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Affiliations

  • 1. Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
      Authors
    • Kim JH 1, 7
    • Vázquez-Guardado A 1
    • Yang DS 1
    • Chang JK 1
    • Yoo S 1
    • Park C 1
    • Christiansen Z 1
    • Kim JU 1
    • Lee YJ 1
    • Shin HS 1
    • Zhou M 1
    • Huang Y 1, 4
    • Rogers JA 1
    (13 authors)
  • 2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
      Authors
    • Luan H 2
    • Chen R 2
    (2 authors)
  • 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
      Authors
    • Kim JT 3
    (1 author)
  • 4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
      Authors
    • Zhang H 4
    • Wei Y 4
    • Huang Y 1, 4
    (3 authors)
  • 5. School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
      Authors
    • Kim S 5
    (1 author)
    • Show all (13)

ORCIDs linked to this article

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 20 May 2024, 121(22):e2404007121
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2404007121 PMID: 38768347 

Free full text available after 20 Nov 2024

Abstract 

Sensations of heat and touch produced by receptors in the skin are of essential importance for perceptions of the physical environment, with a particularly powerful role in interpersonal interactions. Advances in technologies for replicating these sensations in a programmable manner have the potential not only to enhance virtual/augmented reality environments but they also hold promise in medical applications for individuals with amputations or impaired sensory function. Engineering challenges are in achieving interfaces with precise spatial resolution, power-efficient operation, wide dynamic range, and fast temporal responses in both thermal and in physical modulation, with forms that can extend over large regions of the body. This paper introduces a wireless, skin-compatible interface for thermo-haptic modulation designed to address some of these challenges, with the ability to deliver programmable patterns of enhanced vibrational displacement and high-speed thermal stimulation. Experimental and computational investigations quantify the thermal and mechanical efficiency of a vertically stacked design layout in the thermo-haptic stimulators that also supports real-time, closed-loop control mechanisms. The platform is effective in conveying thermal and physical information through the skin, as demonstrated in the control of robotic prosthetics and in interactions with pressure/temperature-sensitive touch displays.

Full text links 

Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2404007121

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Funding 

Funders who supported this work.

National Research Foundation of Korea (1)

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (1)

Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics (1)