Diet quality and risk and severity of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325353

PMC full text:

Gut. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2022 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as:

Gut. 2021 Nov; 70(11): 2096–2104.

Published online 2021 Sep 6. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325353

Copyright/LicenseRequest permission to reuse: Copyright notice

Table 3.

Adjusted hazard ratios of COVID risk according to healthful plant-based dietary index scores stratified by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Factor	No. of events/ person-months^{^#}	HR per 1-SD increase in diet quality score	P value

Age,
<60	25,329 / 2,285,329	0.94 (0.93–0.95)
≥60	6,486 / 1,600,945	0.94 (0.92–0.97)	0.63

Sex,
Male	9,338 / 1,232,656	0.95 (0.93–0.97)
Female	22,428 / 2,647,254	0.96 (0.95–0.98)	0.21

Race,
White	30,335 / 3,736,972	0.96 (0.95–0.97)
Non-white	1,480 / 149,303	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	0.95

Socioeconomic deprivation^*
High	5,244 / 45,6271	0.94 (0.91–0.96)
Intermediate	13,172 / 1,567,516	0.96 (0.94–0.98)
Low	13,399 / 1,862,489	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	0.04

Population density, km², No.
<2000	10,581 / 1,490,084	0.96 (0.94–0.98)
≥2,000	21,234 / 2,396,190	0.96 (0.94–0.97)	0.74

Healthcare worker
Yes	2,908 / 140,087	0.95 (0.92–0.99)
No	28,907 / 3,638,588	0.96 (0.95–0.97)	0.78

Body mass index, Kg/m²
<25	13,989 / 1,905,517	0.96 (0.94–0.97)
25–30	9,854 / 1,252,222	0.96 (0.94–0.98)
≥30	7,972 / 728,536	0.96 (0.94–0.98)	0.73

Physical activity
< 1 day/week	6,751 / 683,562	0.94 (0.91–0.96)
1–4 day/week	19,476 / 2,425,198	0.96 (0.94–0.97)
≥ 5 day/week	5,588 / 777,515	0.99 (0.96–1.01)	0.01

Open in a separate window

Association between predicted COVID-19 and diet quality according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

^*Socioeconomic deprivation categories were based on deciles of the deprivation index (methods). Cox models were adjusted for the same covariates as previous model 3. P-values obtained using the Q test for heterogeneity

^#Number of observations varies among imputations.